| 词条 | James Annan |
| 释义 |
ClimatologyAnnan has made several bets against those who believe the scientific consensus on climate change to be incorrect. The November 10, 2004 online version of Reason magazine reported that Lindzen is "willing to take bets that global average temperatures in 20 years will in fact be lower than they are now."[2] Annan contacted Lindzen to arrange a bet and they exchanged proposals for bets, but were unable to agree on terms. The final proposal was a bet that if the temperature change were less than 0.2 °C (0.36 °F), Lindzen would win. If the temperature change were between 0.2 °C and 0.4 °C the bet would be off, and if the temperature change were 0.4 °C or greater, Annan would win. Lindzen would take 2 to 1 odds.[3] In 2005, another bet for $10,000 dollars was arranged with a pair of Russian solar physicists Galina Mashnich and Vladimir Bashkirtsev.[4] The bet will conclude in 2017. A third bet in 2007 between Annan and David Whitehouse of the Global Warming Policy Foundation was arranged by the BBC Radio program, More or Less in 2007. Annan and Whitehouse bet £100 on whether the Met Office temperature would set a new annual record by the end of 2011. Annan was declared to have lost in the program in January 2012.[5] He considers that climate sensitivity uncertainty is less than has often been portrayed. Papers on this include "Using multiple observationally-based constraints to estimate climate sensitivity".[6] References1. ^{{cite web | url = http://bskiesresearch.wordpress.com/home-2/ | title = Blue Skies Research | accessdate = 2014-02-06 | last = Hargreaves | first = Julia |author2=James Annan}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Two Sides to Global Warming |url=http://www.reason.com/rb/rb111004.shtml |last=Bailey |first=Ronald |authorlink=Ronald Bailey |publisher=Reason Magazine |date=November 10, 2005 |accessdate=2007-04-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027032922/http://www.reason.com/rb/rb111004.shtml |archivedate=October 27, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Betting on Climate Change |url=http://www.reason.com/rb/rb060805.shtml |last=Bailey |first=Ronald |authorlink=Ronald Bailey |publisher=Reason Magazine |date=June 8, 2005 |accessdate=2007-04-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024202358/http://www.reason.com/rb/rb060805.shtml |archivedate=October 24, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,1552092,00.html | title=Climate change sceptics bet $10,000 on cooler world | author=David Adam | publisher=Guardian Unlimited | date=19 August 2005 | accessdate=2007-09-10}} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0196v3z | title = More or Less, High Speed 2 and Executive Pay | accessdate = 2012-01-13 | date = 2011-01-13 | publisher = BBC | quote = Tim Harford ... resolves a four year-old bet on climate change between climate scientist James Annan and astrophysicist David Whitehouse}} 6. ^{{cite journal |title=Using multiple observationally-based constraints to estimate climate sensitivity|journal=Geophysical Research Letters| date=March 18, 2006| doi=10.1029/2005GL025259| bibcode=2006GeoRL..33.6704A| volume=33|issue=6|pages=L06704|last1 = Annan|first1 = J. D.|last2=Hargreaves|first2=J. C.}} External links
5 : Living people|Year of birth missing (living people)|British climatologists|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change contributing authors|Missing middle or first names |
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