| 词条 | Joanna Southcott |
| 释义 |
| name = Joanna Southcott[1] | image = JOANNA SOUTHCOTT-Devonshire Characters and Strange Events.jpg | birth_date = April 1750 | birth_place = Taleford, Devon, England | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1814|12|27|1750|04|01}} | death_place = London, England | nationality = English | occupation = religious prophet }} Joanna Southcott (or Southcote) (April 1750 – 27 December 1814), was a self-described religious prophetess. She was born in the English hamlet of Taleford, baptised at Ottery St Mary, and raised in the village of Gittisham, all in Devon, England. Self-revelationSouthcott's father, William (d. 1802), was a small farmer; she did dairy work as a girl, and following the death of her mother, Hannah, went into service, first as a shop-girl in Honiton, then worked for a considerable time as a domestic servant in Exeter. She was eventually dismissed because a footman, whose attentions she rejected, claimed her to be 'growing mad'.[2] Originally of the Church of England, in about 1792 she joined the Wesleyans in Exeter,[3] Becoming persuaded that she possessed supernatural gifts, she wrote and dictated prophecies in rhyme, and then announced herself as the Woman of the Apocalypse spoken of in a prophetic passage of the Revelation (12:1–6). The new Messiah, and deathComing to London at the request of William Sharp, the engraver, Southcott began selling paper "seals of the Lord"[4] at prices varying from twelve shillings to a guinea. The seals were supposed to ensure the holders' places among the 144,000 people who would be elected to eternal life. At the age of 64 Southcott affirmed that she was pregnant and would be delivered of the new Messiah, the Shiloh of Genesis (49:10). The date of 19 October 1814 was that fixed for the birth, but Shiloh failed to appear, and it was given out that she was in a trance. Southcott died not long after. The official date of death was given as 27 December 1814, but it is likely that she died the previous day, as her followers retained her body for some time in the belief that she would be raised from the dead. They agreed to its burial only after it began to decay. LegacyThe "Southcottian" movement did not end with her death in 1814. Her followers are said to have numbered over 100,000, but had declined greatly by the end of the 19th century. In 1844 a lady named Ann Essam left large sums of money for "printing, publishing and propagation of the sacred writings of Joanna Southcott".[5][6] The will was disputed in 1861 by her niece on grounds including that the writings were blasphemous and that the bequest was contrary to the Statutes of Mortmain: the Court of Chancery refused to find the writings blasphemous but held the bequest was contrary to the Statute of Mortmain and therefore void.[7][8] Southcott left a sealed wooden box of prophecies, usually known as Joanna Southcott's Box, with the instruction that it be opened only at a time of national crisis, and then only in the presence of all 24 bishops of the Church of England (there were only 24 at the time), who were to spend a fixed period of time beforehand studying Southcott's prophecies. Attempts were made to persuade the episcopate to open it during the Crimean War and again during the First World War. In 1927, the psychic researcher Harry Price claimed that he had come into possession of the box and arranged to have it opened in the presence of one reluctant prelate, the suffragan Bishop of Grantham. It was found to contain only a few oddments and unimportant papers, among them a lottery ticket and a horse-pistol. Price's claims to have had the true box have been disputed by historians and by followers of Southcott.[9] Southcottians claimed that the box opened in 1927 was not the authentic one and continued to press for the true box to be opened.[10] An advertising campaign on billboards and in British national newspapers such as the Sunday Express was run in the 1960s and 1970s by one prominent group of Southcottians, the Panacea Society in Bedford (formed 1920), to try to persuade the twenty-four bishops to have the box opened. Their slogan was: "War, disease, crime and banditry, distress of nations and perplexity will increase until the Bishops open Joanna Southcott's box." According to the Panacea Society, this true box is in their possession at a secret location for safekeeping, with its whereabouts to be disclosed only when a bishops' meeting has been arranged. Southcott prophesied that the Day of Judgement would come in the year 2004, and her followers stated that if the contents of the box had not been studied beforehand, the world would have had to meet it unprepared.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} Charles Dickens refers to Mrs. Southcott in his description of the year 1775 at the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities.[11]WorksAmong her sixty publications may be mentioned:
See also
Notes1. ^Portrait drawn and engraved by William Sharp, 1812. 2. ^Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, vol. 53, p. 277 3. ^Women Writers IV. Novelists, Essayists and Poets – R–Z (London: Jarndyce Antiquarian Booksellers, Summer 2012). 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sxhgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23 |title=Remarks on the Writings and Prophecies of Joanna Southcott: being an attempt to prove her assertions inconsistent with the will of God as revealed in the scriptures of eternal truth |publisher=Dean&Munday | date=1815| accessdate=16 December 2015 |author=Denham, G | pages=23}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=Select cases and other authorities on the law of trusts |series=Law school casebook series |author=Austin Wakeman Scott |edition=5th | publisher=Little, Brown |year=1966 |page=682 }} 6. ^{{cite book |title=Obstruction of justice by religion: a treatise on religious barbarities of the common law, and a review of judicial oppressions of the non-religious in the United States |series=Civil liberties in American history |author=Frank Swancara |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=1971 |page=171 }} 7. ^Thornton v. Howe, 54 Eng. Rep. 1042 (Ch. 1862). 8. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgUwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA14&dq=%22Ann+Essam%22#v=onepage&q=%22Ann%20Essam%22&f=false |page=14 |title=Report of cases in Chancery: argued and determined in the Rolls court during the time of the Rt Hon. John Romilly, Kt, Master of the rolls, Volume XXXI, 1862 |editor=Charles Beavan |publisher=Saunders and Benning |year=1863 }} 9. ^{{cite book |title=Search for Harry Price |author=Trevor H. Hall |publisher=Duckworth |isbn=0-7156-1143-7 |year=1978 |pages=154–160 }} 10. ^{{cite news |journal=Time Magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,761230,00.html |date=8 May 1939 |title=Religion: Servant Woman's Box }} 11. ^Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities Book I, ch. I. References{{Refbegin}}
External links{{AmCyc Poster|Southcott, Joanna|Joanna Southcott}}
7 : 1750 births|1814 deaths|18th-century apocalypticists|19th-century apocalypticists|English religious leaders|People from Devon|Prophets |
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