| 词条 | John Aspinall (engineer) |
| 释义 |
|image = JAFAspinall.jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = by George Hall Neale c.1920 |name = Sir John Aspinall |nationality = |birth_date = 25 August 1851 |birth_place = Liverpool, England |death_date = {{Death date and age|1937|1|19|1851|8|25|df=y}} |death_place = |education = |spouse = |parents = |children = |discipline = Civil, Mechanical |institutions = Institution of Civil Engineers (president), Institution of Mechanical Engineers (president) |practice_name = |significant_projects = |significant_design = |significant_awards = }} Sir John Audley Frederick Aspinall (25 August 1851 – 19 January 1937) was an English mechanical engineer who served as Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Southern and Western and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railways. He introduced vacuum brakes to his locomotives in Ireland, a trend which was followed in Britain, and designed several locomotives. He was also president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and of the Institution of Civil Engineers. BiographyAspinall was born on 25 August 1851 in Liverpool to a Roman Catholic judge.[1][2] He attended the Roman Catholic boarding school of Beaumont College, Berkshire before being apprenticed to engineers John Ramsbottom and Francis Webb of the London and North Western Railway in 1868.[1][2] He was sent by Webb to the United States of America in 1872 where he was greatly impressed by the larger loading gauge in use there.[1] In 1875, he moved to the Great Southern and Western Railway of Ireland and became their works manager at Inchicore, Dublin.[2] Aspinall was promoted to Locomotive Superintendent in 1882 and introduced a form of vacuum braking to his locomotives which was soon adopted by several other lines, including the London and North Western and Great Northern Railways.[1] He became the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1886 and their general manager in 1899.[2] In this capacity he introduced electrification and greatly expanded the transport of coal.[1] He was promoted to Locomotive Superintendent in 1883 and, continuing the work of his predecessor, William Barton Wright, he modernised the locomotive stock, bringing in several of his own design.[1] Aspinall served as president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers between 1909 and 1910 and was interned in Germany at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.[1] Aspinall received a knighthood on 13 June 1917 for his contributions to the war effort and national transport system.[2][3] He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between November 1918 and November 1919.[4] He was the first recipient of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers' James Watt International Medal, receiving it in 1937.[5] He died on 19 January 1937.[1] He wrote seven academic papers and was the holder of fourteen patents.[1] Locomotive designs
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web | last = Steam Index | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Biography of Sir John Aspinall | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.steamindex.com/people/aspinall.htm | doi = | accessdate = 2008-05-24}} {{s-start}}{{s-npo|pro}}{{s-bef|before=Tom Hurry Riches}}{{s-ttl|title=President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers |years=1909–1910}}{{s-aft|after=Edward B. Ellington}}{{s-bef|before=Harry Edward Jones}}{{s-ttl|title=President of the Institution of Civil Engineers |years=November 1918 – November 1919}}{{s-aft|after=John Griffith}}{{s-bus}}{{s-bef|before=Locomotive Superintendent of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | last = Science and Society Picture Library | first = | authorlink = Science Museum (London) | coauthors = | title = Brief Biography of Sir John Aspinall | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10311946 | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-05-24}} 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=30138 |page=6047|date=19 June 1917}} 4. ^{{Cite book | first = Garth | last = Watson| title = The Civils | publisher = London: Thomas Telford Ltd | page = 252 | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-7277-0392-7 | postscript = }} 5. ^{{cite web |last=Institution of Mechanical Engineers |first= |authorlink=Institution of Mechanical Engineers |coauthors= |title=James Watt International Medal Recipients |work= |publisher= |date= |url=http://www.imeche.org/NR/rdonlyres/8BC34094-587C-47FC-8B62-917284B90332/0/JW2008MEDALRECIPIENTS.pdf |format=pdf |doi= |accessdate=2008-05-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319115321/http://www.imeche.org/NR/rdonlyres/8BC34094-587C-47FC-8B62-917284B90332/0/JW2008MEDALRECIPIENTS.pdf |archivedate=19 March 2009 |df= }} W. Barton Wright}}{{s-ttl|title=Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway |years=1886–1899}}{{s-aft|after=Henry Hoy}}{{end}}{{Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Locomotives}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aspinall, John Audley Frederick}} 9 : 1851 births|1937 deaths|English railway mechanical engineers|Locomotive superintendents|Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway|Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers|Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers|People from Liverpool|People educated at Beaumont College |
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