| 词条 | John Francis Davis |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Sir John Francis Davis |honorific-suffix = Bt, KCB |image = Tcitp d073 John Francis Davis Bart.jpg |imagesize = 250px |office = Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China |term_start = December 1833 |term_end = January 1835 |predecessor = Lord Napier |successor = Sir George Robinson |order2 = 2nd |office2 = Governor of Hong Kong |monarch2 = Victoria |1blankname2 = Lieutenant Governor |1namedata2 = MG George D'Aguilar MG William Staveley |term_start2 = 8 May 1844 |term_end2 = 21 March 1848 |lieutenant = |predecessor2 = Sir Henry Pottinger |successor2 = Sir George Bonham |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1795|7|16}} |birth_place = London, England, Great Britain |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1890|11|13|1795|7|16}} |death_place = Henbury, United Kingdom |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |nationality = British |party = |spouse = 1. Emily Humfrays 1822-1866 (her death) 2. Lucy Ellen Locke 1866-1890 (his death) |relations = Samuel Davis (father) |children = 6 daughters, 2 sons |residence = |alma_mater = Oxford University |occupation = Politician |profession = |cabinet = |committees = |portfolio = |religion = |signature = |website = |footnotes = }} Sir John Francis Davis, 1st Baronet KCB ({{zh|c=戴維斯|sl=Daai3 Wai4 Si1}}) (16 July 1795{{snd}}13 November 1890) was a British diplomat and sinologist who served as second Governor of Hong Kong from 1844 to 1848. BackgroundDavis was the eldest son of East India Company (EIC) director and amateur artist Samuel Davis while his mother was Henrietta Boileau, member of a refugee French noble family who had come to England in the early eighteenth century from Languedoc in the south of France.[1][2] Early careerIn 1813, Davis was appointed writer at the East India Company's factory in Canton (now Guangzhou), China, at the time the centre of trade with China. Having demonstrated the depth of his learning in the Chinese language in his translation of The Three Dedicated Rooms ("San-Yu-Low") in 1815,[2] he was chosen to accompany Lord Amherst on his embassy to Peking in 1816. On the mission's return Davis returned to his duties at the Canton factory, and was promoted to president in 1832. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year.[3] He was appointed Second Superintendent of British Trade in China alongside Lord Napier in December 1833, superseding William Henry Chicheley Plowden in the latter's absence.[4] After Napier's death in 1834, Davis became Chief Superintendent then resigned his position in January 1835, to be replaced by Sir George Robinson.[5] Davis left Canton aboard the Asia on 12{{nbsp}}January.[6] Governor of Hong KongHaving arrived from Bombay on HMS Spiteful on 7 May 1844, he was appointed governor and commander-in-chief of Hong Kong the next day.[7]{{rp|47}} During his tenure, Davis was much hated by Hong Kong residents and British merchants due to the imposition of various taxes, which increased the burden of all citizens, and his abrasive treatment of his subordinates.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} Davis organized the first Hong Kong Census in 1844,[8] which recorded that there were 23,988 people living in Hong Kong. Weekend horse racing began during his tenure, which gradually evolved into a Hong Kong institution. Davis resigned his commission and left Hong Kong on 21{{nbsp}}March 1848, after disagreements with local British merchants escalated. Personal lifeDavis married Emily, the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Humfrays of the Bengal Engineers in 1822. They had one son, Sulivan Francis (born 13{{nbsp}}January 1827, died in Bengal in 1862) and six daughters as follows:[9]
In 1867, the year after the death of his first wife Emily, Davis married for a second time, to Lucy Ellen, eldest daughter of the Reverend T. J. Locke, vicar of Exmouth, in 1867. A son, Francis Boileau Davis was born in 1871.[11] He was a created a baronet on 9 July 1845[12] and appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 12 June 1854.[13][9] In 1876 Davis became a Doctor of Civil Law of the University of Oxford after a donation of £1,666 in three percent consol bonds to endow a scholarship in his name for the encouragement of the study of Chinese.[14] DeathDavis died on 13{{nbsp}}November 1890 at his residence, Hollywood House in the Bristol suburb of Henbury at the age of 95[14] and was interred in the graveyard of Compton Greenfield Church on 18 November.[15] As his surviving son Francis Boileau Davis left no surviving male heirs the Davis baronetcy died with him.[10] Namesakes
WorksIn 1829, Davis, a member of the Royal Asiatic Society,[16] translated the 17th-century Chinese novel Haoqiu Zhuan under the title The Fortunate Union.[17] This was translated into French by Guillard D'Arcy in 1842.[16] Davis also wrote an account of the events surrounding the attack on his father's house in Benares, India, in [https://archive.org/details/vizieralikhanorm00davi Vizier Ali Khan or The Massacre of Benares, A Chapter in British Indian History], published in London in 1871. Other works include:
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Views of Medieval Bhutan: the diary and drawings of Samuel Davis, 1783|first1=Samuel|last1=Davis|first2=Michael|last2=Aris|year=1982|publisher=Serindia|url=https://archive.org/stream/ViewsOfMedievalBhutanTheDiaryAndDrawingsOfSamuelDavis1783MichaelAris/Views%20of%20Medieval%20Bhutan%20--%20the%20Diary%20and%20Drawings%20of%20Samuel%20Davis%201783%20Michael%20Aris#page/n29/mode/2up|page=34}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Translations from the Original Chinese, with Notes|last1=Morrison|first1=Robert|last2=Davis|first2=John Francis|date=1815|publisher=Select Committee, Honourable East Asia Company|place=Canton}} 3. ^{{cite web | url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=4&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27davis%27%29 | title= Library and Archive Catalogue| publisher=Royal Society| accessdate = 26 November 2010}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|journal=The Chinese Repository|title=Journal of Occurrences|page=143|volume=3|year=1834|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pwQMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA143}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|journal=The Canton Register|title=Official Notification|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQrmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA13|volume=8|number=4|year=1835|page=13}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Parliament|title=Correspondence Relating to China: Presented to Both Houses of Parliament ... 1840|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ytDAAAAcAAJ|year=1840|publisher=Printed by T.R. Harrison|page=80}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong|last=Norton-Kyshe|first=James William|date=1898|publisher=T Fisher Unwin|place=London|volume=1}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Hong Kong|title=Hongkong Colonial Ordinances: 1844-1847|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5EtAQAAMAAJ|year=1847|publisher=China Mail|page=43}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire|last=Burke|first=Bernard|author-link=Bernard Burke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCZBAQAAMAAJ|year=1860|publisher=Harrison and Sons|location=London|page=271}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|title=Views of Medieval Bhutan: the diary and drawings of Samuel Davis, 1783|first1=Samuel|last1=Davis|first2=Michael|last2=Aris|year=1982|publisher=Serindia|url=https://archive.org/stream/ViewsOfMedievalBhutanTheDiaryAndDrawingsOfSamuelDavis1783MichaelAris/Views%20of%20Medieval%20Bhutan%20--%20the%20Diary%20and%20Drawings%20of%20Samuel%20Davis%201783%20Michael%20Aris#page/n29/mode/2up|page=38}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=The Oldest Baronet in England |work=Gloucester Citizen |date=14 November 1890 |accessdate=28 August 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000325/18901114/008/0003|page=3| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 12. ^{{London Gazette |issue=20488 |date=15 July 1845 |page=2105}} 13. ^{{London Gazette |issue=21562 |date=16 June 1854 |page=1867}} 14. ^1 {{cite news |title=Death of Sir John Francis Davis |work=Western Daily Press |date=14 November 1890 |accessdate=28 August 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/18901114/004/0003| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 15. ^{{cite news |title=Untitled |work=Western Daily Press |date=18 November 1890 |accessdate=28 August 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/18901118/018/0005|page=5| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}} 16. ^1 St. André, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=o5oPBC2AfgAC&pg=PA43 43]. 17. ^Bauer, Wolfgang. "The role of intermediate languages in translations from Chinese into German" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6LkEKB1Ik Archive]). In: Traductions du chinois vers les langues européennes, Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1999. pp. 19–32. {{ISBN|273510768X}}, 9782735107681. Further reading
External links{{Sister project links|John Francis Davis}}
| title=Baronet (of Hollywood) | years=1845–1890 }}{{s-aft | after= Francis Boileau Davis }}{{S-end}}{{Governor of Hong Kong}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, John Francis}} 12 : Kennedy Town|1795 births|1890 deaths|Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|British diplomats in East Asia|British sinologists|Fellows of the Royal Society|Governors of Hong Kong|Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath|People from London|19th-century Hong Kong people|19th-century British politicians |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。