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{{Year nav topic5|1840|music}}This article is about music-related events in 1840. Events - February 11 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du Regiment premieres in Paris.
- April 2 – Première of Ferdinand Hiller's oratorio, Die Zerstörung Jerusalems, at the Leipzig Gewandhaus; Robert Schumann is in the audience.
- June 9 – Franz Liszt gives the first piano recital, in London's Hanover Square Rooms.
- August 6 – First major public performance since the death of Johann Sebastian Bach of the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 for organ attributed to him, given by Felix Mendelssohn in Leipzig; Robert Schumann is in the audience.
- Robert Schumann's "year of song", in which he writes the two Liederkreis, Frauenliebe und -leben and Dichterliebe. He also marries Clara Wieck.
- The first harmonium is built.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}}
- Anton Schindler's biography of Ludwig van Beethoven is published.
- Michele Carafa becomes Professor of Counterpoint at the Paris Conservatoire.
- Édouard Batiste and François Bazin share the Prix de Rome.
Popular music - Henry Russell (music) & Eliza Cook (lyrics) – "The Old Arm Chair"
- Robert Lucas de Pearsall – "Lay a garland"
Classical music - Hector Berlioz - Grande symphonie funebre et triomphale
- Felix Mendelssohn – Lobgesang (Symphony No. 2 in B-flat Major)
- Louis Spohr – Symphony no 6 in G major, Op. 116 "Historical"
Opera - Gaetano Donizetti – "La Favorite" and La Fille du Régiment (The Daughter of the Regiment)
- Albert Lortzing – Hans Sachs
- Temistocle Solera – Ildegonda
- Giuseppe Verdi – Un giorno di regno
Births - January 18 – Ernst Rudorff, composer and music teacher (d. 1918)
- February 2 – Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray, pianist and composer (d. 1910)
- February 12 – Philippe Decker, conductor and composer (d. 1881)
- March 8 – Franco Faccio, conductor and composer (d. 1891)
- April 12 – Franz Xaver Haberl, musicologist (d. 1910)
- May 7 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, composer (d. 1893)
- May 9 – Blanche d'Antigny, singer and actress (d. 1874)
- August 1 – Franz Simandl, double-bassist and teacher (d. 1912)
- August 28 – Ira D. Sankey, gospel singer and composer (d. 1908)
- September 14 – George Whiting, composer (d. 1923)
- September 30 – Johan Svendsen, violinist, conductor and composer (d. 1911)
- October 18 – Roberto Stagno, operatic tenor (d. 1897)
- December 7 – Hermann Goetz, composer (d. 1876)
- December 17 – C. F. E. Horneman, composer (d. 1906)
Deaths - March 20 – Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut, lawyer and musician, 68
- May 1 – Giuditta Grisi, operatic mezzo-soprano, 34
- May 10 – Catterino Cavos, organist, conductor and composer, 64
- May 25 – Nikolai Lavrov, operatic baritone, 37
- May 27 – Niccolò Paganini, violinist and composer, 57
- June 5 – William Dance, pianist and violinist, 84
- June 16 – Joseph Kreutzer, violinist, conductor and composer, 49
- November 19 – Johann Michael Vogl, baritone and composer, 72
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