| 词条 | Karl Alfred von Zittel |
| 释义 |
BiographyHe was born at Bahlingen in the Grand Duchy of Baden, and educated at Heidelberg, Paris and Vienna. For a short period he served on the Geological Survey of Austria, and as assistant in the mineralogical museum at Vienna. In 1863 he became teacher of geology and mineralogy in the polytechnic at Karlsruhe, and three years later he succeeded Oppel as professor of palaeontology in the University of Munich, with the charge of the state collection of fossils. In 1880 he was appointed to the geological professorship, and eventually to the directorship of the natural history museum of Munich. His earlier work comprised a monograph on the Cretaceous bivalve mollusca of Gosau (1863–66); and an essay on the Tithonian stage (1870), regarded as equivalent to the Purbeck and Wealden formations. In 1873-74 he accompanied the Friedrich Rohlf's expedition to the Libyan Desert, the primary results of which were published in Über den geologischen Bau der libyschen Wuste (1880), and further details in the Palaeontographica (1883). Dr Zittel was distinguished for his palaeontological researches. From 1869 until the close of his life he was chief editor of the Palaeontographica (founded in 1846 by W Dunker and H von Meyer). In 1876 he commenced the publication of his great work, Handbuch der Palaeontologie, which was completed in 1893 in five volumes, the fifth volume on palaeobotany being prepared by WP Schimper and A Schenk. To make his work as trustworthy as possible Dr Zittel made special studies of each great group, commencing with the fossil sponges, on which he published a monograph (1877–79). In 1895 he issued a summary of his larger work entitled Grundzuge der Palaeontologie (ed. 2, part i, Invertebrata, [https://archive.org/details/grundzgederpal00zitt revised by Dr Zittel in 1903]; the American edition of 1900 by Charles Rochester Eastman is so revised, sometimes in opposition to Zittel's views, as to be practically an independent work). He was author of Aus der Urzeit (1873, ed. 2, 1875); and Die Sahara (1883). In 1899 he published Geschichte der Geologie und Palaeontologie bis Ende des 19 Jahrhunderts,[3] a monumental history of the progress of geological science (Eng. trans., Mrs Maria M. Ogilvie-Gordon, 1901).[4] Dr Zittel was from 1899 president of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, and in 1894 he was awarded the Wollaston medal by the Geological Society of London. See also
References{{more footnotes|date=January 2014 }}1. ^{{cite book |author=|author-link = |chapter= ZITTEL, KARL ALFRED VON (1839-1904) |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information |page= 991 |year=1911 |volume=XXVIII (VETCH to ZYMOTIC DECEASES)|edition= 11th |publisher=At the University Press |place=Cambridge, England |url= https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri28chisrich#page/990/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 February 2019 |via= Internet Archive}} 2. ^{{cite journal |last=Kitchin |first= Finlay Lorimer |author-link= Finlay Lorimer Kitchin |title= Professor Karl Alfred von Zittel |journal= The Geological Magazine |date= February 1904|pages= 90-96 |url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30542660 |accessdate= 3 February 2019 |via= Biodiversity Heritage Library }} 3. ^{{Cite book |last= von Zittel |first= Karl Alfred |author-link=|year= 1899 |editor-last= |editor-first= |contribution= |title=Geschichte der Geologie und Palaeontologie bis Ende des 19 Jahrhunderts |edition= 1|publisher= Oldenbourg |publication-date= |publication-place= München und Leipzig |pages= |url= http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11169770-4 |via=Bayerische StaatsBibliothek digital |accessdate= 20 July 2017}} 4. ^{{Cite book |last= von Zittel |first= Karl Alfred |author-link=|year= 1901 |editor-last= |editor-first= |contribution= |title= History of Geology and Palaentotlogy to the End of the Nineteenth Century; Translated by Maria M. Ogilvie-Gordon |edition= 1|publisher= Walter Scott and Charles Scribner's Sons|publication-date= |publication-place= London and New York |pages= |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgeology00zittrich|via=Internet Archive |accessdate= 20 July 2017}}
External links
16 : German paleontologists|Paleozoologists|Taxa named by Karl Alfred Ritter von Zittel|1839 births|1904 deaths|German geologists|German taxonomists|Wollaston Medal winners|Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences|Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art|People from Emmendingen (district)|People from the Grand Duchy of Baden|19th-century German scientists|20th-century German scientists|19th-century German zoologists|20th-century German zoologists |
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