| 词条 | Al-Quds Brigades |
| 释义 |
| name = Al-Quds Brigades {{lang|ar|سرايا القدس}} | logo = | caption = | dates = {{Start date|1981}}-present | leader = | founder = | motives = The establishment of a sovereign, Islamic Palestinian state within the geographic borders of pre-1948 Mandatory Palestine | area = Gaza Strip, West Bank, Southern Lebanon | ideology = Palestinian nationalism Islamism Anti-Zionism | crimes = | attacks = | status = Active | size = 12,000 {{citation needed|date=February 2018}} | revenue = | financing = | url = {{URL|saraya.ps/}} }}Al-Quds Brigades ({{lang-ar|سرايا القدس}}, Saraya al-Quds meaning Jerusalem Brigades) is the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamist[1][2] organization Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ),[1] The al-Quds Brigades were founded in 1981 by Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd Al Aziz Awda in Gaza,[1] and were active in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, especially in the town of Jenin. Extensive operations against its infrastructure carried out by the IDF resulted in severe losses to the group, and it appeared significantly weakened by 2004 in that region.[2][2] On March 1, 2006 Abu al-Walid al-Dahdouh, a commander of the group's military wing, was targeted and killed by a bomb or missile as he drove past the Palestinian finance ministry. On August 30, 2006 the West Bank leader of the Islamic Jihad's military wing, al-Quds Brigades, Hussam Jaradat, was shot and killed by undercover Israel Defense Forces in the city of Jenin.[3] In the Gaza Strip, the al-Quds Brigades continued to fight militarily,[4] e.g. by indiscriminate al-Quds rocket-attacks out of populated civilian areas.[2][5][6] The al-Quds Brigades promote the military destruction of Israel, e.g. indiscriminate rocket and mortar fire or suicide bombings.[2] The international community considers the use of indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations[7] and the use of human shields[8] as illegal under international law.[9] The al-Quds Brigades' parent organization, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, is devoted to the establishment of an Islamic state, and the settlement of Palestinians in what it considers their rightful homeland within the geographic borders of the pre-1948 British-mandated Palestine. It refuses to participate in political processes or negotiations about a swap of Israeli and Palestinian settlements.[3] The PIJ is majority funded by Iran.[10][11] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metimes.com/International/2009/01/05/the_next_dangerous_phase_of_the_gaza_war/2749/ |date=January 4, 2009 |accessdate=2009-01-06 |title=The Next Dangerous Phase of the Gaza War |author=Olivier Guit |publisher=Middle East Times |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116035124/http://www.metimes.com/International/2009/01/05/the_next_dangerous_phase_of_the_gaza_war/2749/ |archivedate=16 January 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad -- al-Quds Brigades|url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/PalestinianIslamicJihad.aspx|website=Australian National Security|publisher=Australian Attorney-General's Department|accessdate=11 July 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=IDF uncovers massive tunnel near Gaza fence Four terrorists killed in Gaza City clashes|url=http://nir.icej.org/news/headlines/idf-uncovers-massive-tunnel-near-gaza-fence|website=icej.org|publisher=The International Christian Embassy Jerusalem|accessdate=11 July 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Martinez|first1=Michael, and Talal Abu Rahma, and Kareem Khadder|title=Israel fires on 29 'terror sites' after rockets from Gaza hit populated areas|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/12/world/meast/gaza-israel-violence/|website=cnn.com|accessdate=11 July 2014|ref=Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Hirshfeld|first1=Rachel|title=Video: Jihadists Firing from Residential Zones, Proud of It|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162125|website=israelnationalnews.com|publisher=Arutz Sheva|accessdate=11 July 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Schwartz|first1=Sharona|title=World ‘Human Shields’: Video and Photo Appear to Show Terror Group Firing Rockets at Israel from Densely Populated Area|url=http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2014/03/13/human-shields-video-and-photo-appear-to-show-terror-group-firing-rockets-at-israel-from-densely-populated-area/|website=theblaze.com|publisher=TheBlaze Inc|accessdate=11 July 2014}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Kurz|first=Robert W.|author2=Charles K. Bartles|title=Chechen suicide bombers|journal=Journal of Slavic Military Studies|year=2007|volume=20|pages=529–547|doi=10.1080/13518040701703070|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a477845.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2012|publisher=Routledge|format=PDF}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=ERLANGER|first1=STEVEN, and FARES AKRAM|title=Israel Warns Gaza Targets by Phone and Leaflet|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/by-phone-and-leaflet-israeli-attackers-warn-gazans.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&smid=tw-nytimesworld&_r=1|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=10 July 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Protection of the civilian population|url=http://www.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750065|website=Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.|publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross|accessdate=10 July 2014}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Profiles in Terror: The Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations|last=Mannes|first=Aaron|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=201|year=2004}} 11. ^[https://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/950500.htm THE TERRORIST CONNECTION - IRAN, THE ISLAMIC JIHAD AND HAMAS] External links
5 : Jihadist groups|Military wings of political parties|Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Palestinian militant groups|Military units and formations established in 1981 |
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