| 释义 |
- Astronomy
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Earth sciences
- Mathematics
- Medicine
- Technology
- Events
- Awards
- Births
- Deaths
- References
{{Year nav topic5|1882|science}}The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy- September – Great Comet of 1882 sighted.[1]
- December 6 – Transit of Venus, 1882.
Biology- March 24 – Robert Koch announces his discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Élie Metchnikoff discovers phagocytosis.[2]
Chemistry- Italian physicist Luigi Palmieri detects helium on Earth for the first time through its D3 spectral line when he analyzes the lava of Mount Vesuvius.[3]
Earth sciences- Clarence Dutton's Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District is published by the United States Geological Survey.
Mathematics- June – German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes proof that {{math|π}} is a transcendental number and that squaring the circle is consequently impossible.[4][5]
- December – Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler establishes the journal Acta Mathematica.
- Felix Klein first describes the Klein bottle.
Medicine- March 28 – Paul Carl Beiersdorf patents an adhesive bandage in Germany, the foundation of the Beiersdorf company.
- Vladimir Bekhterev publishes Provodiashchie puti mozga ("The Conduction Paths in the Brain and Spinal Cord"), beginning to note the role of the hippocampus in memory.
Technology- January 12 – Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.[6]
- By March – Étienne-Jules Marey invents a chronophotographic gun capable of photographing 12 consecutive frames per second on the same plate.
- April 29 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates his Electromote, the first form of trolleybus, in Berlin.
- June 6 – Henry W. Seeley patents the electric clothes iron in the United States.[7]
- September 4 – Thomas Edison starts the United States' first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan.
- American electrical engineer Schuyler Wheeler produces an electric fan.
- Alfred P. Southwick publishes his proposals for use of the electric chair as an execution method in the United States.
Events- First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
- The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys, is founded in the United Kingdom.
Awards- Copley Medal: Arthur Cayley
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Franz Ritter von Hauer
Births- March 14 – Wacław Sierpiński (died 1969), Polish mathematician.
- March 23 – Emmy Noether (died 1935), German mathematician.
- March 30 – Melanie Klein (died 1960), Viennese-born psychoanalyst.
- June 17 – Harold Gillies (died 1960), New Zealand-born plastic surgeon.
- July 21 – Herbert E. Ives (died 1953), American optical engineer.
- September 30 – Hans Geiger (died 1945), German inventor of the Geiger counter.
- October 5 – Robert Goddard (died 1945), American rocket scientist.
- October 26 – Marietta Pallis (died 1963), Indian-born Graeco-British ecologist.
- November 18 – Frances Gertrude McGill (died 1959), pioneering Canadian forensic pathologist.
- December 11 – Max Born (died 1970), German physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1954.
- December 28 – Arthur Eddington (died 1944), English astrophysicist.
- Israel Aharoni (died 1946), Belarusian-born Jewish zoologist.
Deaths- January 11 – Theodor Schwann (born 1810), German physiologist.
- April 19 – Charles Darwin (born 1809), English naturalist and geologist.
- September 23 – Friedrich Wöhler (born 1800), German chemist.
- October 27 – Christian Heinrich von Nagel (born 1803), German geometer.
- November 20 – Henry Draper (born 1837), doctor, American astronomer.
- December 24
- Johann Benedict Listing (born 1808), German mathematician.
- Charles Vincent Walker (born 1812), English telegraph engineer.
References1. ^{{cite journal|last=Plummer|first=William Edward|title=The great comet of September 1882|journal=The Observatory |volume=12|pages=140–142|bibcode=1889Obs....12..140P |date=March 1889}}
2. ^{{cite journal|first=Alexander|last=Petrunkevitch|title=Russia’s Contribution to Science|journal=Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences|volume=23|year=1920|page=239}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Recent Advances in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry|last=Stewart|first=Alfred Walter|page=201|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIqhPFfDMXwC&pg=PA201|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|year=2008|isbn=0-554-80513-8}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last=Lindemann|first=F.|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/n109018v5r748073/?p=0e89fa387fd94fd5a05e8abf026400d6&pi=3|title=Über die Zahl π|journal=Mathematische Annalen|volume=20|year=1882|pages=213–225|doi=10.1007/BF01446522}}
5. ^{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|pages=21, 81}}
6. ^{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfVKt7UzjnEC&pg=PA89|journal=New Scientist|location=London|title=The electricity of Holborn|first=Jack|last=Harris|date=1982-01-14}}
7. ^Patent no. 259,054. {{cite web|title=Household Amenities and Appliances: Timeline of Their Arrival|url=http://www.partselect.ca/resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx|publisher=PartSelect|accessdate=2012-01-25}}
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