| 释义 |
- Astronomy
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Psychology
- Technology
- Awards
- Births
- Deaths
- References
{{Year nav topic5|1894|science}}The year 1894 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy- March 21 (23:00 GMT) – Syzygy: Mercury transits the Sun as seen from Venus, and Mercury and Venus both simultaneously transit the Sun as seen from Saturn.
Biology- Patrick Manson develops the thesis that malaria is spread by mosquitoes.
- Jean Pierre Mégnin publishes La faune des cadavres application de l'entomologie à la médecine légale in Paris, an important text in forensic entomology.[1]
Chemistry- Argon identified by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay.[2][3]
- Viscose, a form of artificial silk or rayon, is patented by Charles Frederick Cross with Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle.
Psychology- Psychological Review established in the United States by James Mark Baldwin and James McKeen Cattell.
Technology- February 13 – Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector.
- August 13 – The first Allan truss bridge, designed by Percy Allan, is completed in New South Wales.[4]
- August 14 – Oliver Lodge demonstrates "Hertzian waves" i.e. radio transmission (of Morse code) in the University of Oxford from the Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum (200 ft/60 m) for the British Association for the Advancement of Science[5] using a modified Branly coherer.
- November 6 – William C. Hooker of Abingdon, Illinois is granted a United States patent for a spring-loaded mousetrap.[6]
- Construction of the first oil-engined rail locomotive, an experimental unit designed by William Dent Priestman and built by his company, Priestman Brothers of Hull, England.[7]
- John Joly of Dublin devises the Joly colour screen, an additive colour photographic process for producing images from a single photographic plate.[8]
- Astronomical photographer Julius Scheiner devises a film speed measurement system.
Awards- Copley Medal: Edward Frankland
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Karl von Zittel
Births- January 1 – S. N. Bose (died 1974), Indian physicist.
- January 13 – Dorothée Pullinger (died 1986), French-born British production engineer.
- February 11 – Izaak Kolthoff (died 1993), Dutch 'father of analytical chemistry'.
- May 5 – August Dvorak (died 1975), American educational psychologist.
- June 13 – Leo Kanner (died 1981), Austrian-born clinical child psychiatrist.
- June 23 – Alfred Kinsey (died 1956), American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist, founder of the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University (Bloomington) in 1947.
- July 17 – Georges Lemaître (died 1966), Belgian physicist.
- November 19 – Heinz Hopf (died 1971), German mathematician.
Deaths- January 1 – Heinrich Hertz (born 1857), German physicist.
- February 3 – Edmond Frémy (born 1814), French chemist.
- March 29 – Georges Pouchet (born 1833), French comparative anatomist.
- April 9 – Arthur Hill Hassall (born 1817), English physician, microbiologist and chemical analyst.
- April 27 – Birdsill Holly (born 1820), American hydraulic engineer.
- November 26 – Pafnuty Chebyshev (born 1821), Russian mathematician.
- October 7 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (born 1809), American physician and writer.
- September 8 – Hermann von Helmholtz (born 1821), German physicist.
References1. ^{{cite journal|last=Benecke|first=Mark|title=A brief history of forensic entomology|journal=Forensic Science International|year=2001|volume=120|issue=1–2|pages=2–14|pmid=11457602|doi=10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00409-1}}
2. ^{{cite journal|title=Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere|author1=Rayleigh, Lord |author2=Ramsay, William |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society|location=London|volume=57|issue=1|pages=265–287|year=1894|archive-date=May 1894|doi=10.1098/rspl.1894.0149|jstor=115394}}
3. ^{{cite book|first=John|last=Emsley|title=Nature's Building Blocks: an A–Z Guide to the Elements|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-850340-8|pages=35–36}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Timber Truss Bridges|url=http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/environment/downloads/heritage/bridge-types_historical-overviews_2006-timbertruss.pdf|work=McMillan Britton & Kell Pty Limited|publisher=Roads and Traffic Authority|accessdate=2011-06-17|date=December 1998}}
5. ^Display in University Museum.
6. ^#528671. {{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/patents?id=RnVIAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_overview_r&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Animal-Trap|work=Google Patents|accessdate=2012-10-01}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Brian|title=The British Internal Combustion Locomotive 1894–1940|year=1973|publisher=David & Charles|location=Newton Abbot|isbn=978-0-7153-6115-3}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Hirsch|first=Robert|title=Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide|edition=new|location=London|publisher=Laurence King Publishing|year=2005|pages=29–30|isbn=978-1-85669-420-9}}
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