| 词条 | Louis Bromfield |
| 释义 |
Louis Bromfield (December 27, 1896 – March 18, 1956) was an American author and conservationist. He gained international recognition, won the Pulitzer Prize, and pioneered innovative scientific farming concepts. BiographyLouis Brumfield was born in Mansfield, Ohio, in 1896 to Charles Brumfield, originally from New England, and Annette Marie Coulter Brumfield, the daughter of an Ohio pioneer. Brumfield decided to change the spelling of his name to Bromfield after it was misspelled on one of his early works. One of Mansfield's most famous natives, he made his home at Malabar Farm, near Lucas, Ohio, from 1939 until his death in 1956. Bromfield was friends with some of the most celebrated personalities of his era, including famous architect F. F. Schnitzer. Malabar Farm was the location for the wedding of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. Bromfield studied Agriculture at Cornell University (1914–16),[1] but he transferred to Columbia University to study Journalism, where he was initiated into the fraternal organization Phi Delta Theta. His time at Columbia would be brief; he left after less than a year to go to war. After serving with the American Field Service in World War I and being awarded the Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honor, he returned to New York City and found work as a reporter. In 1924, his first novel, The Green Bay Tree (novel), won instant acclaim. He won the 1927 Pulitzer Prize for best novel for Early Autumn. All of his 30 books were best-sellers, and many, such as The Rains Came and Mrs. Parkington, were made into successful motion pictures. In 1925, Bromfield and his family left for a vacation in France, a country he had come to love during the war. They stayed for thirteen years. Paris was known for its expatriate community of American writers during the years between World War I and World War II . Among the Bromfields' literary friends in the city were Edith Wharton, Natalie Barney, Sinclair Lewis, and Gertrude Stein. As World War II threatened Europe, the Bromfield family returned to the United States, where Bromfield bought 1,000 acres near his native Mansfield, Ohio. The farm, which he named "Malabar Farm" was to become his major work during his last 20 years. Bromfield was an early proponent of organic and self-sustaining gardening, and his farm was one of the first to stop using pesticides. The farm was used as a government test site for soil conservation practices.[2] No-till farming, which Bromfield helped develop, is still widely used in the area surrounding Malabar Farm. Bromfield's writings turned from fiction to nonfiction and his reputation and influence as a conservationist and farmer continued to expand. Today, thousands of visitors annually visit Malabar Farm State Park, which still operates under Bromfield's management philosophy. One of the park's notable features is the Doris Duke Woods, named for philanthropist Doris Duke, who was a friend of Bromfield's and whose donation helped purchase the property after his death. In the 1980s, Louis Bromfield was posthumously elected to the Ohio Agricultural Hall of Fame, and in December 1996, the centennial of his birth, the Ohio Department of Agriculture placed a bust of him in the lobby named for him at the department's new headquarters in Reynoldsburg, Ohio. The innovative and visionary work of Louis Bromfield continues to influence agricultural methodologies around the world. Malabar Brazil, under the direction of Ellen Bromfield Geld, has expanded the horizons of her father's principles and pursuits. To ensure the work continues well into the 21st century, the Malabar 2000 Foundation plans to develop a center for study at Malabar Farm to further the work begun in Richland County (Mansfield, Ohio) by Louis Bromfield. Bromfield was close friends with acting legend, farmer and soil conservationist James Cagney. Louis Bromfield was married in 1921 to New York socialite Mary Appleton Wood, the daughter of prominent New York City attorney Chalmers Wood and his wife Ellen Appleton Smith. Mary Appleton Wood Bromfield died in 1952. They had three daughters, Ann Bromfield, Hope Bromfield and Ellen Bromfield. BibliographyThe Green Bay Tree, 1924Possession, 1925 Early Autumn, 1926 A Good Woman, 1927 The House of Women, 1927 stageplay The Work of Robert Nathan, 1927 The Strange Case of Miss Annie Spragg, 1928 Awake and Rehearse, 1929 Tabloid News, 1930 Twenty-four Hours, 1930 A Modern Hero, 1932 The Farm, 1933 The Man Who Had Everything, 1935 The Rains Came, 1937 McLeod's Folly, 1939 England: A Dying Oligarchy, 1939 Night in Bombay, 1940 Wild Is the River, 1941 Until the Day Break, 1942 Mrs. Parkington, 1943 The World We Live In: Stories, 1944 What Became of Anna Bolton, 1944 Pleasant Valley, 1945 Bitter Lotus, Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company, 1945, (German translation by Elisabeth Rotten, Wien, Stuttgart: Humboldt-Verlag, 1941) A Few Brass Tacks, 1946 Colorado, 1947 Kenny, 1947 Malabar Farm, 1948 The Wild Country, 1948 Out of the Earth, 1950 Mr. Smith, 1951 The Wealth of the Soil, 1952 Up Ferguson Way, 1953 A New Pattern for a Tired World ([https://mises.org/books/newpattern_bromfield.pdf available online]), 1954 Animals and Other People, 1955 From My Experience, 1955 Until the day break ?? (Dutch translation by A. Coster, Den Haag, J. Philip Krusemsn's uitg. mij.) See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=52 |title=Louis Bromfield - Ohio History Central - A product of the Ohio Historical Society |publisher=Ohio History Central |date= |accessdate=2012-03-19}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://cleveland.about.com/od/famousclevelanders/p/bromfield.htm|title=Louis Bromfield: Mansfield's Favorite Son|publisher=About.com|accessdate=2012-03-18}} Dead link External links{{Commons category|Louis Bromfield}}{{Wikiquote}}
16 : 1896 births|1956 deaths|20th-century American novelists|20th-century American male writers|American people of World War I|Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni|Columbia University alumni|Ohio Democrats|Agrarian theorists|Pulitzer Prize for the Novel winners|Legion of Honour recipients|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)|People from Mansfield, Ohio|Old Right (United States)|Novelists from Ohio|American male novelists |
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