| 词条 | Martinsville, Virginia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Martinsville, Virginia |settlement_type = Independent city |image_skyline = Uptown Martinsville VA.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Martinsville's uptown district. |image_seal = Mville logo.JPG | nickname = A city without limits |image_map = Martinsville-Location.svg |established_date = | established_title1 Incorporated (town) = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | Incorporated (city) = | established_date2 = | named_for = Joseph Martin |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = 11.01 |area_land_sq_mi = 10.96 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.05 |elevation_m = 310 |elevation_ft = 1017 |coordinates = {{coord|36|41|10|N|79|52|9|W|region:US-VA|display=inline}} |population_as_of = 2010 |population_total = 13821 |population_density_sq_mi = 1199.53 |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flagu|United States}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Virginia}} |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = None (Independent city) |government_type = Council-manager | leader_title1 = Mayor | leader_name1 = Kathy Lawson[1] | leader_title2 = Vice Mayor | leader_name2 = Chad Martin | leader_title3 = Council | leader_name3 = Martinsville City Council |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = −4 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 24112-24115 |area_code = 276 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 51-49784[2] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1498514[3] |footnotes = |website = http://www.martinsville-va.gov ||pop_est_as_of = 2017 |pop_est_footnotes = [4] |population_est = 13142 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [4] |area_total_km2 = 28.51 |area_land_km2 = 28.38 |area_water_km2 = 0.13 |population_density_km2 = 463.13 }} Martinsville is an independent city near the southern border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,821.[5] It is the county seat of Henry County,[6] although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Martinsville with Henry County for statistical purposes. Martinsville is the principal city of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area, with a population of 73,346 as of the 2000 census. The paper clip-shaped Martinsville Speedway, the shortest track in the NASCAR Monster Energy Cup Series at {{convert|0.526|mi|m}} and one of the first paved "speedways," is located just outside the city near the town of Ridgeway. HistoryMartinsville was founded by American Revolutionary War General, Indian agent and explorer Joseph Martin, born in Albemarle County.[7] He developed his plantation Scuffle Hill on the banks of the Smith River near the present-day southern city limits. General Martin and revolutionary patriot Patrick Henry, who lived briefly in Henry County and for whom the county is named, were good friends. The city's chief industry for many early years was the manufacture of plug chewing tobacco. The Henry County area became known as the "plug tobacco capital of the world." In the wake of the collapse of the plantation economy following the American Civil War, the local economy was reeling. Stepping into the breach were several thriving plug firms which sold their merchandise across the nation beginning in the nineteenth century. Local families were heavily involved in these companies, bestowing their names on them and reaping sizeable profits until the early twentieth century, when the tobacco monopolies created by R.J. Reynolds and James Buchanan Duke bought out most firms. (In most cases, in bold anti-competitive moves, the two tobacco titans simply shut down their acquisitions overnight.[8] These actions resulted in a U.S. government lawsuit against American Tobacco Company.[9]) Among the earliest of these firms were D.H. Spencer & Sons and Spencer Bros. Other families soon joined in founding other early firms, including the Gravelys, the Comptons, the Ruckers, the Wittens, the Lesters and the Browns. The city's main industry for a century was furniture construction, and today Virginia furniture makers still reside in the region. Martinsville declared itself an independent city in 1928, while retaining its status as county seat. (In the present day, however, it is a county seat in name only, as all of Henry County's administrative and judicial functions are carried out from the administration building and courthouse in nearby Collinsville.) DuPont in 1941 built a large manufacturing plant for producing textile nylon filament, a vital war material. During the Cold War, the city was identified as a target for strategic bombing by the Soviet Union. This nylon production jump-started the growth of the textiles industry in the area. For several years Martinsville was known as the "Sweatshirt Capital of the World," and in the 1980s it boasted of having more millionaires per capita than any city in America.[10] Business leaders in the mid-20th century, like Whitney Shumate, worked to improve sub-standard housing in Martinsville. He helped clear out a portion of Martinsville called "Mill Town", which had sub-standard rental housing originally provided for 19th century employees of a now defunct cotton mill. New homes were constructed in the neighborhood, built with sound materials and with all city services for the first time. What had originally been considered a depressed civic area rapidly became a center of progress as middle class blacks finally began to prosper. As an editorial in the local newspaper noted, "One of the projects which won him considerable attention and praise was the instigation of the redevelopment of what was once known as Martinsville Cotton Mill Village. He and associates purchased about 50 houses in North Martinsville, and using private capital rather than federal aid, rebuilt them into comfortably inhabitable homes, making it possible for many persons to purchase homes within their financial range."[11] In the early 1990s, changing global economic conditions and new trade treaties made Martinsville textiles and furniture manufacturing economically unsustainable. Many firms closed shop and laid off thousands of workers; the production moved offshore to other countries.[12] The city is repositioning itself long-term as a center for technology development and manufacturing. Due to the local government's inability to fund certain services, in the near future the city of Martinsville may decide to legally convert into the town of Martinsville. MZM, Inc. opened a facility in Martinsville as part of the Cunningham scandal. Memorial Hospital of Martinsville (now combined with the hospital in Danville, Virginia to become Sovah Health.) serves the greater Martinsville and Henry County area. The earliest local hospital was the 50-bed Shackelford Hospital,[13] founded by Dr. Jesse Martin Shackelford,[14] who was later joined by surgeon son Dr. John Armstrong Shackelford, an early graduate of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.[15] Founder of the Hospital Association of Virginia, Dr. Jesse Shackelford was an early advocate of comprehensive care for state citizens. Shackelford Hospital was sold in 1946, and Martinsville General Hospital subsequently opened with Dr. John Shackelford as its first chief surgeon.[16] In 1970 Memorial Hospital of Martinsville opened its doors, replacing Martinsville General. The Beaver Creek Plantation, John Waddey Carter House, Dry Bridge School, East Church Street-Starling Avenue Historic District, Fayette Street Historic District, Little Post Office, Martinsville Fish Dam, Martinsville Historic District, Martinsville Novelty Corporation Factory, and Scuffle Hill are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[17] Liberty Fair Mall opened in 1989. GeographyAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|11.0|sqmi|1}}, of which {{convert|11.0|sqmi|1}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|1}} (0.5%) is water.[18] The north side of the city has the highest average elevation. The east side slopes gradually down to the Smith River on the south side. The west side is hilly. Martinsville is located on the southern border of Southern Virginia. Martinsville is 29 miles (46 Km) from Danville via VA-57, 57 miles (91 Km) from Roanoke and 54 miles (86 Km) from Greensboro, North Carolina via U.S. Route 220. Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 289 |1900= 2384 |1910= 3368 |1920= 4075 |1930= 7705 |1940= 10080 |1950= 17251 |1960= 18798 |1970= 19653 |1980= 18149 |1990= 16162 |2000= 15416 |2010= 13821 |estyear=2017 |estimate=13142 |estref=[19] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[20] 1790-1960[21] 1900-1990[22] 1990-2000[23] 2010-2012[5] }} As of the census[24] of 2000, there were 15,416 people, 6,498 households, and 4,022 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,407.1 people per square mile (543.1/km²). There were 7,249 housing units at an average density of 661.7 per square mile (255.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 55.38% White, 42.55% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.69% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.32% of the population. There were 6,498 households out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89. The age distribution was 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,441, and the median income for a family was $35,321. Males had a median income of $28,530 versus $21,367 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,251. About 14.0% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over. As of August 2010, the city's unemployment rate stood at 20 percent.[25] GovernmentThe City of Martinsville operates under a Council-manager government. The city council is often composed into five members serving a full four-year terms as large representatives of the city residents. The city manager controls the daily operations and manage the city's activities. EducationThe city is served by the Martinsville City Public Schools.
The city is also home to the K-12 private school, Carlisle School, located at 300 Carlisle Road in Martinsville. The school serves approximately 400 students, about 130 of them are high school students. The School was established in 1968[26] Colleges and universities in Martinsville include Patrick Henry Community College and New College Institute. Arts and Culture
SportsMartinsville is home to the Martinsville Mustangs of the Coastal Plain League, a collegiate summer baseball league. The Mustangs play at Hooker Field in Martinsville. The Mustangs began play for the league's 2005 season. Martinsville is also home to Martinsville Speedway, which opened in 1947. The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series hosts two races there every year. Notable people
Media
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GalleryPolitics
See also
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://amp.wsls.com/news/virginia/southside/vote-on-reversion-in-martinsville-likely-wont-happen-until-at-least-next-year|title=Kathy Lawson elected as new mayor of Martinsville|last=|first=|date=|work=www.wsls.com|access-date=January 2, 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Mar 28, 2019}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51690.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106210025/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51690.html|archive-date=January 6, 2014|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=May 31, 2011 }} 7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=z2VzSg9hfp0C&pg=PA611 '' Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion''(Sixth Printing, 1956). Virginia Writers' Project, Work Projects Administration. p. 611. New York: Oxford University Press]. Books.google.com. Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=VmICAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA14 The Tobacco Worker, Tobacco Workers International Union, 1907]. Books.google.com. Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 9. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=2uiy9-hSHzIC&pg=PA221 Federal Anti-trust Decisions, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1917]. Books.google.com. Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 10. ^Derks, Scott. Working Americans, 1880-1999: Sports & recreation, 2000, page 426. 11. ^Martinsville Bulletin. March 3, 1966. "City Loses Citizen who Helped Make it a Better Community." 12. ^"Threadbare: The Unravelling of Henry County" {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120911051202/http://www.roanoke.com/roatimes/henry/henry1.html |date=September 11, 2012 }}, The Roanoke Times, 17 August 2002. (August 17, 2002). Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 13. ^The Doctors Shackelford and the Shackelford Hospital, Martinsville-Henry County Historical Society {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314224644/http://mhchistoricalsociety.com/Education/Articles/tabid/1398/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/15/The-Doctors-Shackelford-and-the-Shackelford-Hospital.aspx |date=March 14, 2017 }}. Mhchistoricalsociety.com (October 8, 2009). Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 14. ^Jesse Martin Shackelford, M.D., Martinsville Henry County Historical Society {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714082415/http://mhchistoricalsociety.com/Education/Articles/tabid/1398/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/9/Dr-Jesse-Martin-Shackelford-MD-1869-1941.aspx |date=July 14, 2011 }}. Mhchistoricalsociety.com (October 6, 2009). Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 15. ^John Armstrong Shackelford, M.D., Martinsville-Henry County Historical Society {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714081736/http://mhchistoricalsociety.com/Education/Articles/tabid/1398/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/10/John-Armstrong-Shackelford-MD-1893-1956.aspx |date=July 14, 2011 }}. Mhchistoricalsociety.com (October 6, 2009). Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 16. ^The History of Memorial Hospital {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829185222/http://www.martinsvillehospital.org/CustomPage.asp?guidCustomContentID=0CA968CC-A380-49D1-B31C-CF2C520E62AC |date=August 29, 2009 }}. Martinsvillehospital.org. Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 17. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 6, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df= }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=January 6, 2014}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 6, 2014}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 6, 2014}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-05-14|title=American FactFinder}} 25. ^{{cite news |title=To Help or Not to Help |url=http://www.economist.com/node/16888903 |work=The Economist |date=August 26, 2010 |accessdate=August 30, 2010 }} 26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.carlisleschool.org|title=About Carlisle School|last=|first=|date=|work=www.carlisleschool.com|access-date=December 10, 2018}} 27. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.roanoke.com/sports/high_schools/ceiling-high-for-foot-nba-draft-prospect-thon/article_56f88267-f240-5853-9c97-be4583865dc5.html|title=Ceiling high for 7 foot 1 NBA draft prospect Thon Maker|last=|first=|date=|work=www.roanoke.com|access-date=December 6, 2018}} 28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Lou_Whitaker|title=Lou Whitaker - BR Bullpen|website=www.baseball-reference.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-05}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|date=|website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=March 17, 2018}} External links
5 : Cities in Virginia|Micropolitan areas of Virginia|Martinsville, Virginia|County seats in Virginia|Southwest Virginia |
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