“Andy Burnham”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Andrew Murray Burnham (born 7 January 1970) is a British Labour politician who has been serving as the Mayor of Greater Manchester since May 2017. He was previously the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leigh from 2001 to 2017.

Born in the Old Roan area of Aintree, Lancashire, Burnham was educated at comprehensive schools and graduated with a degree in English from Fitzwilliam College at the University of Cambridge. He worked as a researcher for Tessa Jowell from 1994 to 1997, then working for the NHS Confederation in 1997 and as an administrator for the Football Task Force in 1998. The same year, he became a special adviser to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, Chris Smith, a position he held until 2001.

After the retirement of Lawrence Cunliffe, the Labour MP for Leigh, Burnham was elected to succeed him in 2001. He was a member of the Health Select Committee from 2001 until 2003, then serving as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Home Secretary David Blunkett until 2004, when he became PPS to Education Secretary Ruth Kelly. He was promoted to serve in the Government after the 2005 election as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State in the Home Office. In 2006, Burnham was moved to become a Minister of State at the Department of Health.

When Gordon Brown became Prime Minister in 2007, Burnham was promoted to Chief Secretary to the Treasury, a position he held until 2008, when he became Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. In 2009, he was promoted again to become Secretary of State for Health. In that role, he opposed further privatisation of National Health Service services and launched an independent inquiry into the Stafford Hospital scandal. After the Labour Party's defeat in the 2010 general election, Burnham was a candidate in the 2010 Labour leadership election, coming fourth out of five candidates. The contest was won by Ed Miliband. Burnham served as Shadow Secretary of State for Health until late 2010, when he was moved by Miliband to become Shadow Secretary of State for Education. He held that role for a year, then returning to the role of Shadow Secretary of State for Health.

After the 2015 general election, in which Labour lost to the Conservative Party, Miliband resigned as leader. Burnham launched his campaign to succeed Miliband in the resulting September 2015 leadership election. He finished a distant second behind Jeremy Corbyn.^[2] Following the defeat, he accepted a role in Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Home Secretary. In May 2016 Burnham announced his candidacy to become Labour's candidate for the Greater Manchester Mayoralty and was selected in August 2016.^[3] He resigned as Shadow Home Secretary in October 2016. The mayoral election was held in May 2017 and the declaration of the June 2017 general election during the local campaign led him to stand down as an MP.^[4]

Early life and education

Burnham was born in Old Roan in Aintree, Lancashire (now Merseyside), in 1970,^[5] the son of a telephone engineer father and receptionist mother. He was brought up in Culcheth, Warrington, Cheshire and educated at St Lewis Catholic Primary School, Culcheth and St Aelred's Roman Catholic High School, Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside. He studied English at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge.^[6] He is the honorary President of the Cambridge Universities Labour Club.^[7]

Early political career

Burnham joined the Labour Party in 1984 when he was 14.^[8] From 1994 until the 1997 general election he was a researcher for Tessa Jowell. He joined the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1995. After the 1997 election, he was a parliamentary officer for the NHS Confederation from August to December 1997, before taking up the post as an administrator with the Football Task Force for a year.^[9]

In 1998, he became a special adviser to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, Chris Smith, a position he remained in until he was elected to the House of Commons in 2001.

Member of Parliament

After the retirement of Lawrence Cunliffe, Burnham applied to be the parliamentary candidate for the safe Labour seat of Leigh in Greater Manchester. Burnham secured selection to contest the seat at the next general election. At the 2001 election he was elected with a majority of 16,362, and gave his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 4 July 2001.^[10]

Following his election to Parliament, Burnham was a member of the Health Select Committee from 2001 until 2003, when he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Home Secretary David Blunkett. After Blunkett's first resignation in 2004, he became PPS to Education Secretary Ruth Kelly.

Her Majesty's Government (2005–2010)

Burnham was promoted to serve in the Government after the 2005 election as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, with responsibility for implementing the Identity Cards Act 2006. In the government reshuffle of 5 May 2006, he was moved from the Home Office and promoted to Minister of State at the Department of Health.

In Gordon Brown's first cabinet, announced on 28 June 2007, Burnham was appointed Chief Secretary to the Treasury, a position he held until 2008. During his time at the Treasury, he helped author the 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review.^[11]

Brown Cabinet (2008–2010)

In a re-shuffle in January 2008, Burnham was promoted to the position of Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, replacing James Purnell.^[12] In June 2008, he apologised to the director of pressure group Liberty, Shami Chakrabarti, after she threatened to sue him for libel for smearing her reputation.^[13]

In late 2008, Burnham announced government plans to tighten controls on internet content in order to "even up" what he claimed was an imbalance with TV regulations.^[14]^[15]^[16] The announcement was followed by a speech to the music industry's lobbying group, UK Music, in which he announced "a time that calls for partnership between Government and the music business as a whole: one with rewards for both of us; one with rewards for society as a whole. (...) My job – Government's job – is to preserve the value in the system."^[17]

In April 2009 after being heckled at the 20th anniversary of the Hillsborough disaster Burnham used the next day's cabinet meeting in Downing Street to ask then Prime Minister Gordon Brown if he could raise the issue of Hillsborough in Parliament. Brown agreed despite it not being on the agenda or on the government's radar.^[18] The eventual result was the second Hillsborough inquiry. In 2014 when Burnham spoke at the 25th anniversary of the Hillsborough disaster he was cheered and applauded by the crowd.^[19]

Burnham was again promoted becoming Secretary of State for Health in June 2009. He held the post until the Labour government resigned after the 2010 general election.

In July 2009, a month after he became Health Secretary, Burnham launched an independent inquiry chaired by the QC Robert Francis into unusually high mortality rates at Stafford Hospital.^[20] The inquiry found systematic failures at the hospital, and was critical of care provided by the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.^[21]^[22] A wider public inquiry, again led by Robert Francis, was launched in 2010 by his successor as Health Secretary, Andrew Lansley. It found serious failings at the hospital but concluded it would be "misleading" to link those failings to a particular number of deaths.^[23]^[24] After leaving office, reports claimed that Burnham and his predecessor as Health Secretary, Alan Johnson, had rejected 81 requests for an inquiry sitting in public to examine the high rate of deaths at Stafford hospital.^[25] According to The Daily Telegraph, after initial concerns were raised about links between mortality rates and standards of care in 2005, there were up to 2800 more deaths than expected across 14 NHS trusts highlighted as having unusually high death rates.^[25] These figures for deaths were however discredited. A report, the Keogh Review, following an investigation into the 14 NHS trusts by Bruce Keogh, described the use of such statistical measures as "clinically meaningless and academically reckless".

Burnham was criticised during the 2010 election campaign after leaflets were sent to 250,000 women – some of whom turned out to be cancer patients – featuring a message from a breast cancer survivor who praised Labour's health policy. Burnham denied that specific cancer patients had been targeted.^[26]

Her Majesty's Opposition (2010–2017)

First leadership campaign (2010)

Burnham became Shadow Secretary of State for Health after May 2010 following the defeat of Gordon Brown's government.

Following Brown's resignation as Leader of the Labour Party, Burnham declared his intention to stand in the subsequent leadership contest.^[27] He launched his leadership campaign in his Leigh constituency on 26 May.^[28] Burnham led on his philosophy of 'aspirational socialism', aligning himself with Intern Aware's campaign to end unpaid internships. He made key policy commitments to the creation of a National Care Service and called for inheritance tax to be replaced with a land value tax. Burnham finished fourth, eliminated on the second ballot with 10.41% of the vote. The leadership contest was won by Ed Miliband.

At the end of September 2010, Burnham criticised Prime Minister David Cameron for the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government's public spending cuts and health reforms to the NHS.^[29]

Miliband Shadow Cabinet (2010–2015)

In October 2010, Burnham was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Education and election co-ordinator for the Labour Party. As Shadow Education Secretary, Burnham opposed the coalition government's plans for "free schools". He argued for moving the education system back towards a comprehensive system.^[30]

One day short of a year later, he was appointed again to his former role of Shadow Secretary of State for Health, and held the role until 2015.

In July 2013 The Daily Telegraph reported that Burnham's staff had edited his Wikipedia page to remove criticisms of his handling of the Stafford Hospital scandal. Burnham's office claimed they had removed false statements that had been drawn to their attention.^[31]

Second leadership campaign (2015)

On 13 May 2015, Burnham announced that he would stand to replace Ed Miliband in the 2015 leadership election.^[32] He stressed the need to unite the party and country and "rediscover the beating heart of Labour."^[33]

Burnham attracted press criticism for claiming £17,000 a year from the taxpayer to rent a London flat, despite owning another within walking distance of the House of Commons. A spokesperson for Burnham said that renting out the original flat was necessary to "cover his costs" as parliamentary rule changes meant he was no longer able to claim for mortgage interest expenses.^[34]

Burnham was criticised for jokingly saying that Labour should have a woman leader "when the time is right", with the New Statesman saying that he had "tripped over his mouth again". He also said that he would resign from the Shadow Cabinet if Labour supported leaving NATO, something which Jeremy Corbyn had talked about.^[35]^[36]

Burnham came second (out of four) to Jeremy Corbyn in the election, gaining 19% of the vote in the first round, compared to 59% for Corbyn.^[2]

Corbyn Shadow Cabinet (2015–2017)

On 13 September 2015, Burnham accepted an appointment as Shadow Home Secretary in the first Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn and remained in the role after the 2016 reshuffle.^[37]

In 2016, as Shadow Home Secretary, he pledged support for Labour Friends of Israel.^[38]

On 27 April 2016, the day after the Hillsborough inquest verdict that found the 96 Hillsborough deaths had occurred as a result of unlawful killing, Burnham made a powerful speech to the House of Commons calling for those responsible to be held to account. Condemning South Yorkshire Police, which had instigated a cover-up in the aftermath of the tragedy, he described the force as being "rotten to the core" while suggesting that the cover-up had been "advanced in the committee rooms of this House and in the press rooms of 10 Downing Street...What kind of country leaves people, who did no more than wave off their loved-ones to a football match, sitting in a courtroom, 27 years later, begging for the reputation of their sons, daughters, brothers, sisters and fathers? The answer is one that needs to do some deep soul-searching". The eleven minute statement drew applause from MPs, a response that is generally against convention at Westminster.^[39]^[40]

On 25 April 2017, as his final act in Parliament, he delivered an adjournment debate that lasted over an hour on the Contaminated Blood Scandal.^[41] Burnham used the debate to present a raft of evidence stating "this scandal amounts to a criminal cover-up on an industrial scale" and that "These are criminal acts". He said that if the Government did not set up an Investigation into the scandal that he would refer his evidence to the Police.^[42]^[43]

Mayor of Greater Manchester (2017–present)

On 5 May 2016, a spokesperson for Burnham confirmed that he had been approached by party officials in Greater Manchester, asking him to consider resigning from the Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn in order to run in the upcoming mayoral election in 2017. It was also stated that, "it is early days and no decision has been taken," but that one would be made in coming weeks.^[44] It was suggested by some in the press that a decision to resign from Jeremy Corbyn's team could coincide with a poor performance by Labour in the local elections held on the same day.^[45]

On 18 May 2016, he confirmed that he was running for Mayor.^[46] Burnham was selected as the Labour candidate in August 2016.^[3] In September 2016, Burnham said that he would resign as Shadow Home Secretary once a replacement had been found, in order to concentrate on his mayoral bid.^[47] He was succeeded by Diane Abbott in October. Burnham said, if elected as Greater Manchester's mayor, he would resign his seat as the member of parliament for Leigh. However, the 2017 general election was declared a fortnight before the mayoral election; Burnham did not stand as a candidate.^[4]

Burnham was elected to the new role of Mayor of Greater Manchester on 5 May 2017. He received 63% of the vote, winning majorities in all ten of Greater Manchester's boroughs.^[48] In his mayoral victory speech he stated, "[Politics] has been too London-centric for too long … Greater Manchester is going to take control. We are going to change politics and make it work better for people."^[49]

The issue of homelessness in Greater Manchester was a major focus of Burnham's mayoral campaign. He pledged to donate 15% of his mayoral salary to charities tackling homelessness if elected.^[50] After his election he outlined his plan to launch a "homelessness fund", with money going to homeless charities and mental health and rehabilitation services.^[51]

Burnham responded to the Manchester Arena bombing on 23 May 2017, calling it an "evil act", while praising the "best immediate response" of local people, and thanking the emergency services.^[52]^[53] He later announced a vigil to be held in Manchester's Albert Square the following evening.^[54]

Political views

Burnham has said that he joined the Labour Party at the age of 14 after having been "radicalised" by the miners' strike of 1984–85.^[55] Ideologically, he identifies as a Socialist.^[56]^[57] In his 2010 leadership bid Burnham emphasised his philosophy of 'aspirational socialism',^[57] which he described as redistributive, collectivist and internationalist.^[58] He is a strong opponent of nationalism (as promoted by the Scottish National Party) and referred to it as an "ugly brand of politics".^[59]

Burnham is a feminist; he also supports the use of all-women shortlists for parliamentary candidate selections.^[60] He is a supporter of LGBT rights and voted in favour of same-sex marriage in 2013.^[61] In an interview in The Daily Telegraph in October 2007, Burnham said: "I think it's better when children are in a home where their parents are married" and "it's not wrong that the tax system should recognise commitment and marriage", creating controversy because his views replicated the policies of the Conservative Party.^[62]

In his 2015 leadership bid, Burnham pledged to commit Labour to "a policy of progressive renationalisation of the railway system".^[63]^[64] Burnham also favours a universal graduate tax to replace student tuition fees,^[65] and voted against the most recent increase in fees.^[66] He has advocated a 'National Care Service', integrating care services into the National Health Service^[67] Burnham's key economic policies in his leadership bid included a new levy to fund social care, extending the higher minimum wage to all ages (it currently only applies to those over 25), and banning zero-hour contracts.^[68] Burnham described the mansion tax proposed by Ed Miliband as "the politics of envy", saying he knew it would lose votes when his mother phoned and told him it represented a return to the 1970s.^[69]

Burnham is a strong supporter of devolving power from Westminster. In his 2015 leadership campaign he criticised the "Westminster Bubble",^[70] the London-centric focus in British politics and perceived detachment from life outside of Westminster. However, some opponents and political commentators accused him of being a part of the same bubble that he criticises.^[71] He views devolution of powers to Greater Manchester (including an elected mayor) as an opportunity for urban regeneration. He also called for a focus on Northern identity.^[72] After he was elected as Mayor of Greater Manchester, he described the new powers for northern cities as "the dawn of a new era".^[49] Burnham feels the government does not invest enough money in the North of England, saying: "Almost five years after the government promised us a northern powerhouse, we learn that public spending in the north has fallen while rising in the south. This has got to stop and it is time that the north came to the front of the queue for public investment".^[73]

Personal life

Burnham has a brother, Nick, who is the principal of Cardinal Newman College, Preston. Burnham married Marie-France van Heel, who is Dutch,^[74] in 2000, having been in a relationship since university.^[62] The couple have a son and two daughters. Burnham was brought up as a Roman Catholic.^[75] In the 2015 leadership contest he praised Pope Francis, but urged the Pontiff to promote a progressive stance on gay rights.^[76] In a newspaper interview during the contest he stated that he had been repeatedly at odds with the Catholic Church all the time that he had been an MP and that this had resulted in strained personal relationships.^[77]

Burnham was the honorary chairman of Leigh Centurions for a short time and is now an honorary vice-president. Burnham was a talented junior cricketer (playing for Lancashire CCC Juniors) and keen footballer, and competed at both sports for his college. He has played for Labour's "Demon Eyes" football team and is a lifelong fan of Premier League football club Everton.^[78]^[79] In July 2003, Burnham played for Conference club Leigh RMI in a pre-season friendly against Everton.^[80] He came on as an 88th minute substitute for Neil Robinson in the 1–1 draw at Hilton Park.^[80]

In December 2017 it was announced that Burnham would succeed Dean Andrew as president of the Rugby Football League in July 2018.^[81] Burnham will be replaced by Tony Adams as the next president of the league in the summer of 2019.^[82]

References

1. ^At the time of his birth in 1970, ‘Merseyside’ did not exist. ‘Lancashire’ is correct
2. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34223157 |title=Jeremy Corbyn wins Labour leadership contest |publisher=BBC News |date=12 September 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912024752/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34223157 |archivedate=12 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}
3. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/burnham-picked-as-manchester-mayor-candidate-10528889 |title=Burnham Picked As Manchester Mayor Candidate |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809105703/https://news.sky.com/story/burnham-picked-as-manchester-mayor-candidate-10528889 |archivedate=9 August 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
4. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.itv.com/news/granada/2017-04-19/andy-burnham-says-he-wont-stand-again-for-leigh-mp-regardless-of-mayoral-election-outcome/|title=Andy Burnham says he won't stand again as Leigh MP regardless of mayoral election outcome|publisher=ITV News|date=19 April 2017|accessdate=19 April 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420005339/http://www.itv.com/news/granada/2017-04-19/andy-burnham-says-he-wont-stand-again-for-leigh-mp-regardless-of-mayoral-election-outcome/|archivedate=20 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://andy4leader.com/about |title=Andy's biography from his Andy4Leader web-site |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705100723/http://andy4leader.com/about/ |archivedate=5 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
6. ^{{cite web|publisher=Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Aboutus/MinistersandDepartmentLeaders/Ministers/Ministersbiography/DH_100325|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100407204138/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Aboutus/MinistersandDepartmentLeaders/Ministers/Ministersbiography/DH_100325|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 April 2010|title=Biography of Andy Burnham : Department of Health|accessdate=9 April 2013}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Students urge Burnham to shun Cambridge Union after Le Pen visit|url=http://labourlist.org/2013/02/students-urge-burnham-to-shun-cambridge-union-after-le-pen-visit/|accessdate=25 July 2015|date=19 February 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725174929/http://labourlist.org/2013/02/students-urge-burnham-to-shun-cambridge-union-after-le-pen-visit/|archivedate=25 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tougher+than+he+appears%3B+Andy+Burnham+tells+Ian+Hernon+that+politics...-a0236089358 |title=Tougher than he appears; Andy Burnham tells Ian Hernon that politics is lacking leaders people can relate to |publisher=The Free Library |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tougher%2Bthan%2Bhe%2Bappears%3B%2BAndy%2BBurnham%2Btells%2BIan%2BHernon%2Bthat%2Bpolitics...-a0236089358 |archivedate=30 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}
9. ^{{cite news |title=New culture secretary keeps an open mind on licence fee |work=The Guardian |last=Woodward |first=Will |date=26 January 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/jan/26/uk.media |publisher=Guardian News & Media |accessdate=12 October 2008 |location=London |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005143739/http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jan/26/uk.media |archivedate=5 October 2008 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}
10. ^{{cite web |date=4 July 2001 |accessdate=12 October 2008 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo010704/debtext/10704-21.htm#10704-21_spnew1 |title=House of Commons Hansard; vol 371, part 14, col 333 |work=Hansard |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo010704/debtext/10704-21.htm#10704-21_spnew1 |archivedate=30 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Andy Burnham: Labour spending was not profligate|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2015/may/17/andy-burnham-labour-spending-was-not-profligate-video|accessdate=10 July 2015|work=The Guardian|date=17 May 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711053642/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2015/may/17/andy-burnham-labour-spending-was-not-profligate-video|archivedate=11 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/peter_riddell/article3248199.ece |title=Sometimes a problem really is an opportunity... for others |work=The Times |date=25 January 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/peter_riddell/article3248199.ece |archivedate=30 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
13. ^{{cite news|last=Percival |first=Jenny |date=23 June 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/jun/23/daviddavis.terrorism |title=Chakrabarti-Davis row: Liberty head accepts letter of apology from Burnham |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media |accessdate=11 October 2008 |location=London |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jun/23/daviddavis.terrorism |archivedate=30 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/sep/26/digitalmedia.internet |title=Government to tighten up web controls |newspaper=The Guardian |date=26 September 2008 |first=Mark |last=Sweney |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528025203/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/sep/26/digitalmedia.internet |archivedate=28 May 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
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16. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jun/11/digitalmedia.media |title=Andy Burnham hints at tighter control of online content |first=Leigh |last=Holmwood |date=11 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528025203/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/jun/11/digitalmedia.media |archivedate=28 May 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
17. ^Andy Burnham and Charlie McCreevy speak at UK Music's first creators' conference {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716015417/http://www.ukmusic.org/events/122-andy-burnham-and-charlie-mccreevy-speak-at-uk-musics-first-creators-conference |date=16 July 2010 }}
18. ^{{cite news |last1=Johnson|first1=Mark|title=ough disaster speaks of his pride|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/roy-dixon-hillsborough-meet-man-6998085|accessdate=10 July 2015|work=Liverpool Echo|date=16 April 2014|quote=Roy Dixon was singled out for praise by Andy Burnham MP at yesterday's Hillsborough memorial service|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714222117/http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/roy-dixon-hillsborough-meet-man-6998085|archivedate=14 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}
19. ^{{cite news |first=Mike |last=McCarthy |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1243046/liverpool-remembers-hillsborough-disaster |title=Liverpool Remembers Hillsborough Disaster |publisher=British Sky Broadcasting |work=Sky News |date=15 April 2014 |accessdate=1 May 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429163859/http://news.sky.com/story/1243046/liverpool-remembers-hillsborough-disaster |archivedate=29 April 2016 |df=dmy-all}}
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21. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/24/mid-staffordshire-hospital-inquiry |title=Mid Staffordshire NHS trust left patients humiliated and in pain |author=Sarah Boseley |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 February 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019004601/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/24/mid-staffordshire-hospital-inquiry |archivedate=19 October 2015 |df=dmy-all}}
22. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_113018|title=Robert Francis Inquiry report into Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust|author=Robert Francis QC|publisher=House of Commons|date=24 February 2010|isbn=978-0-10-296439-4|accessdate=24 February 2010|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605015905/http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_113018|archivedate=5 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=How many people died "unnecessarily" at Mid Staffs|url=https://fullfact.org/factchecks/francis_many_deaths_unnecessarily_at_mid_staffs-28805|website=Full Fact|accessdate=29 May 2015|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530024053/https://fullfact.org/factchecks/francis_many_deaths_unnecessarily_at_mid_staffs-28805|archivedate=30 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}
24. ^{{citation |url=http://www.midstaffspublicinquiry.com/sites/default/files/report/Volume%201.pdf |title=Independent Inquiry into care provided by Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust January 2005 – March 2009 |chapter=Volume I, Section G: Mortality statistics |page=352 |author=Robert Francis QC |publisher=The Stationery Office |date=24 February 2010 |id=HC375-I |isbn=978-0-10-296439-4 |accessdate=9 November 2010 |quote=it has been concluded that it would be unsafe to infer from the figures that there was any particular number or range of numbers of avoidable or unnecessary deaths at the Trust.}}
25. ^¹{{cite news|title=Mid Staffs: Labour Government ignored MP requests for public inquiry into deaths|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9875660/Mid-Staffs-Labour-Government-ignored-MP-requests-for-public-inquiry-into-deaths.html|location=London|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first1=Rowena|last1=Mason|date=17 February 2013|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518135747/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9875660/Mid-Staffs-Labour-Government-ignored-MP-requests-for-public-inquiry-into-deaths.html |archivedate=18 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}
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27. ^{{cite web|title=Andy Burnham and Diane Abbott join Labour leadership race|date=19 May 2010|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/7743790/Andy-Burnham-and-Diane-Abbott-join-Labour-leadership-race.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=29 May 2010|location=London|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528025203/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/7743790/Andy-Burnham-and-Diane-Abbott-join-Labour-leadership-race.html|archivedate=28 May 2010|deadurl=no}}
28. ^Burnham seeks to stand out from leadership crowd BBC News, 26 May 2010
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34. ^{{cite news|last1=Tufft|first1=Ben|title=Andy Burnham claims £17,000 a year in rent for London flat – despite owning another that's walking distance from Westminster|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/andy-burnham-claims-rent-for-flat-moments-away-from-another-he-already-owns-10273311.html|accessdate=29 May 2015|publisher=Independent|date=24 May 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530031636/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/andy-burnham-claims-rent-for-flat-moments-away-from-another-he-already-owns-10273311.html|archivedate=30 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}
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41. ^{{cite web|title=Contaminated Blood - Hansard Online|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2017-04-25/debates/3AE7573D-7990-4A16-B375-A1AB786F90AE/ContaminatedBlood|website=hansard.parliament.uk|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905155012/http://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2017-04-25/debates/3AE7573D-7990-4A16-B375-A1AB786F90AE/ContaminatedBlood|archivedate=5 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}
42. ^{{cite web|last1=Weaver|first1=Matthew|title=Andy Burnham demands NHS contaminated blood inquiry|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/apr/26/andy-burnham-demands-nhs-contaminated-blood-inquiry|website=The Guardian|date=26 April 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525055527/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/apr/26/andy-burnham-demands-nhs-contaminated-blood-inquiry|archivedate=25 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}
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45. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/05/uk-local-elections-2016-follow-the-latest-results-and-news/ |title=UK local elections results: Andy Burnham could quit shadow cabinet to be Manchester mayor as Labour predicted to lose 100 seats|work=Daily Telegraph|author=Raziye Akkoc |date=5 May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506042844/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/05/uk-local-elections-2016-follow-the-latest-results-and-news/ |archivedate=6 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}
46. ^{{cite news|last1=McCann|first1=Kate|title=Andy Burnham confirms he will run for Mayor of Manchester |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/18/andy-burnham-confirms-he-will-run-for-mayor-of-manchester/|accessdate=20 June 2016|date=18 May 2016|work=The Telegraph |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604135952/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/18/andy-burnham-confirms-he-will-run-for-mayor-of-manchester/ |archivedate=4 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}
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53. ^{{cite news|last1=Mills|first1=Jen Mills|title=Manchester bombing was 'evil' attack targeting children, Andy Burnham says |url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/05/23/manchester-bombing-was-evil-attack-targeting-children-andy-burnham-says-6654837/|accessdate=23 May 2017|work=Metro|date=23 May 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523083056/http://metro.co.uk/2017/05/23/manchester-bombing-was-evil-attack-targeting-children-andy-burnham-says-6654837/ |archivedate=23 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}
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57. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Stratton|first1=Allegra|last2=Wintour|first2=Patrick|title=Andy Burnham's Labour leadership bid based on a return to socialist values |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jul/01/andy-burnham-labour-leadership-socialist-values|work=The Guardian|accessdate=21 June 2016|date=1 July 2010|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413135445/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jul/01/andy-burnham-labour-leadership-socialist-values|archivedate=13 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}
58. ^{{cite web|title=Andy Burnham launches "Aspirational Socialism" manifesto|url=http://labourlist.org/2010/08/andy-burnham-launches-aspirational-socialism-manifesto/|website=labourlist.org|publisher=LabourList|accessdate=2 August 2015|date=23 August 2010|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019004601/http://labourlist.org/2010/08/andy-burnham-launches-aspirational-socialism-manifesto/|archivedate=19 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}
59. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13521497.Solidarity_not_separation_declares_Burnham_as_he_calls_Nationalism_an__ugly_brand_of_politics_/|title=Solidarity not separation declares Burnham as he calls Nationalism an "ugly brand of politics"|work=Herald Scotland|accessdate=2 August 2015|date=31 July 2015|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084733/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13521497.Solidarity_not_separation_declares_Burnham_as_he_calls_Nationalism_an__ugly_brand_of_politics_/|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
60. ^{{cite news|last1=Fisher|first1=Lucy|title=The Government has a women problem – and its down to the feminist men to fix it|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/she-said/2014/apr/13/the-government-has-a-women-problem-and-its-down-to-the-feminist-men-to-fix-it|accessdate=2 August 2015|work=The Guardian|date=13 April 2014|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009145520/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/she-said/2014/apr/13/the-government-has-a-women-problem-and-its-down-to-the-feminist-men-to-fix-it|archivedate=9 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}
61. ^{{cite web|title=Andy Burnham MP, Leigh – Gay rights|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/10766/andy_burnham/leigh/divisions?policy=826|publisher=TheyWorkForYou|accessdate=2 August 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019004601/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/10766/andy_burnham/leigh/divisions?policy=826|archivedate=19 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}
62. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1566036/Marriage-is-important%2C-children-do-notice.html |title=Marriage is important, children do notice |last=Sylvester |first=Rachel |author2=Thomson, Alice |date=15 October 2007 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=12 October 2008 |location=London |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1566036/Marriage-is-important%2C-children-do-notice.html |archivedate=30 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
63. ^{{cite news|title=Andy Burnham Newsnight Interview Reveals Labour Leadership Hopeful Would Renationalise The Railways |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/28/andy-burnham-newsnight-interview-reveals-labour-leadership-_n_7891970.html|accessdate=2 August 2015|work=Huffington Post|date=29 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801012321/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/28/andy-burnham-newsnight-interview-reveals-labour-leadership-_n_7891970.html|archivedate=1 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}
64. ^{{cite news|title=Andy Burnham pledges to renationalise railway network|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33780754|accessdate=5 August 2015|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=4 August 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807161848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33780754|archivedate=7 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}
65. ^{{cite web|title=Andy Burnham plans commission for graduate tax and 'care levy'|url=https://www.politicshome.com/health-and-care/articles/story/andy-burnham-plans-commission-graduate-tax-and-care-levy#sthash.LNiYXqc4.dpuf|website=PoliticsHome.com|accessdate=2 August 2015|date=28 July 2015|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816135735/https://www.politicshome.com/health-and-care/articles/story/andy-burnham-plans-commission-graduate-tax-and-care-levy#sthash.LNiYXqc4.dpuf|archivedate=16 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}
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67. ^{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Stephen|title=National care service – what's the big idea?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/oct/02/national-social-care-service-general-election|accessdate=2 August 2015|work=The Guardian|date=2 October 2009|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011180139/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/oct/02/national-social-care-service-general-election|archivedate=11 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}
68. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/labour-leader/64691/andy-burnhams-ten-key-economic-policies |title=Andy Burnham's ten key economic policies |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822233313/http://www.theweek.co.uk/labour-leader/64691/andy-burnhams-ten-key-economic-policies |archivedate=22 August 2015 |df=dmy-all}}
69. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/andy-burnham/11689425/Andy-Burnham-I-knew-spiteful-mansion-tax-was-toxic-when-mum-phoned-to-complain.html|title=Andy Burnham: I knew 'spiteful' mansion tax was toxic when Mum phoned to complain|work=The Daily Telegraph|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/andy-burnham/11689425/Andy-Burnham-I-knew-spiteful-mansion-tax-was-toxic-when-mum-phoned-to-complain.html|archivedate=25 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
70. ^{{cite news |last1=Pidd|first1=Helen |title=Andy Burnham: 'I’ve never been part of the Westminster in-crowd'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/11/andy-burnham-profile-never-westminster-in-crowd|accessdate=16 May 2017|work=The Guardian|date=11 August 2015|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504220613/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/11/andy-burnham-profile-never-westminster-in-crowd|archivedate=4 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}
71. ^{{cite news|last1=Cowley|first1=Jason|title=Andy Burnham thinks he is an outsider but he’s really just another member of the Guild|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/06/andy-burnham-thinks-he-outsider-he-s-really-just-another-member-guild|accessdate=16 May 2017|work=New Statesman|date=24 June 2015|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703182510/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/06/andy-burnham-thinks-he-outsider-he-s-really-just-another-member-guild|archivedate=3 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}
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73. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/dec/05/north-continues-to-see-bigger-cuts-in-public-spending-report-finds North of England continues to see bigger cuts in public spending, report finds] The Guardian
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81. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/rugby-league/news/12196/11180144/mayor-of-greater-manchester-andy-burnham-named-new-rfl-president |title=Mayor of Greater Manchester Andy Burnham named new RFL president |work=Sky Sports |date=21 December 2017 |accessdate=22 December 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222223229/http://www.skysports.com/rugby-league/news/12196/11180144/mayor-of-greater-manchester-andy-burnham-named-new-rfl-president |archivedate=22 December 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
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