| 词条 | ANF Industrie |
| 释义 |
| name = Ateliers de Construction du Nord de la France ANF Industrie | logo = | caption = | type = | traded_as = | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = 1882 | founder = | defunct = | location_city = Crespin | location_country = France | location = | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = Rail vehicles | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = | footnotes = | intl = }}Ateliers de Construction du Nord de la France was a French locomotive manufacturer, based at Crespin in the Arrondissement of Valenciennes, northern France. Later known as ANF Industrie or ANF the company was acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 1989 and is now part of Bombardier Transport France S.A.S. History{{Expand section|date=June 2011}}Les Ateliers de Construction du Nord de la France (The Construction Workshops in the North of France) was founded in 1882 as a subsidiary of Franco-Belgian company La Métallurgique.[1][2]{{refn|La Métallurgique was founded in 1880, it was succeeded by Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français in 1899/1900.[3][4]|group="n"}} The company was established to avoid import tariffs imposed in 1881 in France on goods imported from Belgium.[5]In 1908 the company merged with and absorbed Société Nicaise et Delcuve (based in La Louvière, Belgium), and was renamed Ateliers du Nord de la France et Nicaise et Delcuve by 1910.[4] In 1913 the Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français reorganised; the factories in La Louvière, Belgium (the former Nicaise et Delcuve) were combined with other of the Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français interests in Belgian industry (including La Société la Brugeoise) to form La Société La Brugeoise et Nicaise et Delcuve,[6] and the Ateliers du Nord de la France became an entirely French concern.[4] During World War One the factory was occupied by the Germans, and its material removed to Germany. Post war the factory was rebuilt and its machinery recovered. By 1928 production had reached pre-war levels and employed around 4000 people. The Great Depression caused a reduction in the workforce to half previous, and a similar decrease in production.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§3-4}} In 1934 the company acquired part of the shares of Sambre et Meuse, which became an important manufacturer of cast steel parts for rolling stock (i.e. bogies).{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§5}} During the Second World War the main ANF plant at Blanc-Misseron initially produced orders for military use, and was later occupied by the German forces. The plant was a target of Allied bombing in 1944 due to its use in keeping the rail network in occupied territory running.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§8}} In 1970 ANF Industrie produced the Turbotrain, a high-speed gas turbine train. It saw limited success due to the oil crisis of the late 1970s, and was overshadowed by the TGV.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§24-26}} Between 1986 and 1988, the 425 R68 New York City Subway Cars were manufactured by Westinghouse Amrail Company, a joint venture of Westinghouse and Francorail (itself a joint venture of ANF Industrie, Jeumont Schneider, and Alsthom), with ANF Industrie as leader.[7] In 1987 the Francorail industrial association ended, due to the transfer of Schneider group's railway activities to Alsthom; the resultant isolation of ANF within the railway sector led to its acquisition by Bombardier in 1989.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§30}}[8] In November 2001 after the acquisition of Adtranz, Bombardier indicated that the plant would be one of three main sites in Europe for bogie manufacture, and a core site for final assembly.[9] Bombardier has made the plant one of its key production sites with over 2000 employees (2010), and claims an investment of over €500 million. The site accounts for around one third of French domestic passenger rail production.[10] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://lurs.org.uk/documents/pdf09/may/district_electric_trains2.pdf| title = DISTRICT ELECTRIC TRAINS 3 – FROM A TO B| author = Piers Connor|work=lurs.org.uk|page=11|publisher = London Underground Railway Society (LURS)}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3P2oLdS-MBsC| title = Del metal al motor: innovación y atraso en la historia de la industria metal-mecánica española| language= Spanish|author = Paloma Fernández Pérez| publisher =Fundacion BBVA|year= 2007|page=292}} 3. ^{{cite book|title = Industries, patronat et ouvriers du Valenciennois pendant le premier XXème siècle: développements et restructurations capitalistes a l'âge du charbon et de l'acier|volume= 1|author = Odette Hardy-Hémery|publisher = Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, Université Lille III|year = 1985|page =226| language =French|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hoktAAAAMAAJ}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book| title= La Belgique entre la France et l'Allemagne, 1905-1914| author = Marie-Thérèse Bitsch|publisher = Publications de la Sorbonne|year = 1994| language= French| pages = 232–3| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=T5QLcaWYYN8C}} 5. ^{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnRAAAAMAAJ|title = La croissance économique du pays de Saint-Amand (Nord) 1668-1914| author = René Fruit| publisher = A. Colin| year = 1963| language = French| at = footnote 161, p.230}} 6. ^A forerunner of the Belgian rail vehicle manufacturing company La Brugeoise et Nivelles 7. ^Sources*{{citation|title=Mass Transit| volume =14|page = 10|year=1987}}*{{citation| journal = Modern Railroads| volume = 43| issue=12-23|page = 16|year = 1988| title = NYCTA Gets Last Of R68s}} 8. ^{{cite journal| title = Bombardier Transportation - A Global Transportation Leader| url = http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr42/pdf/f17_bom.pdf | journal = Japan Railway & Transport Review| issue= 42| date = December 2005}} 9. ^{{citation| url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bombardier+Sets+Course+for+the+Future+With+New+European...-a080002260 | title = Bombardier Sets Course for the Future With New European Passenger-Vehicle Manufacturing Network Strategy| date = 13 November 2001| work = www.thefreelibrary.com| publisher = Business Wire}} 10. ^Sources*{{citation|url=http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/BT-France.pdf |title=Bombardier Transport en France |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |accessdate=10 January 2012 |pages=4–6 |language=French }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}*{{citation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229112742/http://www2.bombardier.com/fr/9_0/pdf/20080328_Fiche_Crespin.pdf |archivedate=29 December 2009 |url=http://www2.bombardier.com/fr/9_0/pdf/20080328_Fiche_Crespin.pdf |language=French |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |title=Le site de Crespin : la réussite d'un intégrateur ferroviaire |date=June 2008 }} References{{reflist}}Sources
External links{{Commons category|ANF Industrie}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ateliers De Construction Du Nord De La France}} 4 : Locomotive manufacturers of France|Manufacturing companies established in 1882|Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1989|Bombardier Inc. acquisitions |
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