| 词条 | Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr. |
| 释义 |
| name =Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr. | image =File:Captain Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Sr. in 1918.jpg | caption = Biddle Sr. in 1918 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1874 |10|1}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.}} | death_date = {{death date and age |1948 |5 |27 |1874 |10|1}} | death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | death_cause = | resting_place = The Woodlands Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = | spouse =Cordelia Rundell Bradley | partner = | children = Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr. Livingston Ludlow Biddle Cordelia Drexel Biddle | parents = Edward Biddle III Emilie Taylor Drexel | relatives = | signature = }}Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle I (1874–1948) was an eccentric millionaire whose fortune allowed him to pursue theatricals, self-published writing, athletics, and Christianity on a full-time basis.[1] He was the man upon whom the book My Philadelphia Father and the play and film The Happiest Millionaire were based.[2] He trained men in hand-to-hand combat in both World War I and World War II,[3] was a fellow of the American Geographical Society and founded a movement called "Athletic Christianity" that eventually attracted 300,000 members around the world.[3][4] A 1955 Sports Illustrated article called him "boxing's greatest amateur" as well as a "major factor in the re-establishment of boxing as a legal and, at that time, estimable sport."[5] Early lifeHe was born on October 1, 1874 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Edward Biddle II and Emily Drexel.[6] He was grandson of banker Anthony Joseph Drexel, and great-grandson of banker Nicholas Biddle.[7] Biddle was a graduate of Germany's Heidelberg University.[8] CareerAn officer in the United States Marine Corps, Biddle was an expert in close-quarters fighting and the author of Do or Die: A Supplementary Manual on Individual Combat, a book on combat methods, including knives and empty-hand skills, training both the United States Marine Corps in two world wars and Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He can be seen training Marines in the RKO short documentary Soldiers of the Sea. He was considered not just an expert in fighting, but also a pioneer of United States Marine Corps training in the bayonet and hand-to-hand combat. He based his style on fencing, though this approach was sometimes criticized as being unrealistic for military combat.[9] Having joined the Marines in 1917 at the age of 41, he also convinced his superiors to include boxing in Marine Corps recruit training.[10] In 1919, he was promoted to the rank of major, and became a lieutenant colonel in 1934. In Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, right outside of Philadelphia, Biddle opened a military training facility, where he trained 4,000 men. His training included long hours of calisthenics and gymnastics, and taught skills such as machete, saber, dagger, and bayonet combat, as well as hand grenade use, boxing, wrestling, savate and jiujitsu.[10] He also served two years in the National Guard. A keen boxer, Biddle sparred with Jack Johnson and taught boxing to Gene Tunney.[5] He even hosted "boxing teas" in his home, where other boxers would spar a couple of rounds with him and then join the family for dinner. A February 1909 match with Philadelphia Jack O'Brien was attended by society leaders including women in elegant evening gowns.[11] He served as a judge in the fight between Jack Dempsey and Jess Willard on 4 July 1919. On the 5th of February 1920, Biddle, as chairman of the Army Navy and Civilian Board of Boxing Control of New York, became a member the International Boxing Union.[12] WritingsBiddle also worked in and on periodicals. He spent time as a sports reporter for the Public Ledger, and jokingly referred to himself as "the poorest and richest reporter in Philadelphia". He also revived the Philadelphia Sunday Graphic for a short interval, before it was forced to fold, and founded a short-lived "society weekly"–type publication, The People. After organizing the also short-lived Drexel Biddle Publishing House, he acted as its head for two years.[8] Books written by Biddle include:
Personal lifeIn 1895, he married Cordelia Rundell Bradley. Together, they had:
He died May 27, 1948 from a cerebral hemorrhage and uremic poisoning.[15][8][16] LegacyHis daughter, Cordelia Drexel Biddle, worked with Kyle Crichton (father of Robert Crichton) to write a novel based on her family in 1955.[17] In 1956, it was made into a play starring Walter Pidgeon.[2] In 1967 a musical film based on the story, The Happiest Millionaire, was the last musical film to have personal involvement from Walt Disney. Biddle was played by Fred MacMurray in the film.[18] References1. ^p.253 Baltzell, Edward Digby Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class 1958 Free Press 2. ^1 {{cite news |title= The Theater: New Plays in Manhattan |date= December 3, 1956 |work= Time magazine |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,866393,00.html |accessdate= March 17, 2011 }} 3. ^https://archive.org/stream/shantytownsketches00biddiala/shantytownsketches00biddiala_djvu.txt 4. ^{{cite news |title= Foreign Service: Athletic Christian |work= Time magazine |date= August 5, 1935 |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,711672,00.html |accessdate= March 20, 2011 }} 5. ^1 {{cite news |title= Events & Discoveries |work= Sports Illustrated |date= May 9, 1955 |url= http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1129593/4/index.htm |accessdate= March 19, 2011 }} 6. ^The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, v.7, 1897 7. ^{{cite news |title=Letters to the editor |work= Life magazine |date= October 25, 1943 |page= 2 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BVcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA2 |accessdate= March 21, 2011 }} 8. ^1 2 Philadelphia Inquirer, Friday Morning, 28 May 1948 9. ^{{cite news |title= On the Art of Hand to Hand: An Interview with Col. A. J. Drexel Biddle, USMCR |author= James N. Wright |url= http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jimmy_fatwing/Military/biddle.htm |date= April 1940 |work= Leatherneck Magazine }} 10. ^1 {{cite news |title= Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, USMC CQB Pioneer |author= Joseph R. Svinth |date= December 2001 |work= Journal of Non-Lethal Combatives |url= http://ejmas.com/jnc/jncart_Svinth_1201.htm }} 11. ^{{cite news |title= Women See Biddle Box: Bout with "Jack" O'Brien for Society Friends at Philadelphia |newspaper= The New York Times |date= 24 February 1909 |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/02/24/106117845.pdf |format= PDF |accessdate= 22 March 2011 }} 12. ^{{fr}} {{cite news |title= Le congrès de l'International Boxing Union |work= Le Temps |date= February 6, 1920 |url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k243913f/f5.item|accessdate= May 4, 2017 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/lillyartproj/angier-buchanan-duke.html |title=Angier Buchanan Duke |quote= |publisher=Duke University |accessdate=2008-07-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501112730/http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/lillyartproj/angier-buchanan-duke.html |archivedate=2008-05-01 }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Livingston Ludlow Biddle, III|url=https://www.ourfamtree.org/browse.php/Livingston-Ludlow-Biddle/p549679|website=Our Family Tree|accessdate=20 March 2017}} 15. ^1 {{cite news |title= Col. A. J. Biddle Sr. Dead at Age of 73. Trained Men in Two World Wars for Hand-to-Hand Combat. Sponsored Boxing Groups |newspaper= The New York Times |date=May 28, 1948 |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70F12FD3954177A93CAAB178ED85F4C8485F9 |accessdate= March 19, 2011 }} 16. ^{{cite book |title= U S Marine Corps Biographical Dictionary |author= Karl Schuon |publisher= Franklin Watts |location= New York |year= 1963 |pages= 16–17 |url= https://archive.org/details/usmarinecorpsbio017890mbp }} 17. ^{{cite book |author1= Kyle Crichton |author2= Cordelia Drexel Biddle |title= My Philadelphia Father |publisher= Doubleday |year=1955 }} 18. ^{{IMDb title |id=0061749 |title=The Happiest Millionaire}} Further reading
External links{{commons category|Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Sr.}}
12 : 1874 births|1948 deaths|American philanthropists|Biddle family|Drexel family|Members of the Philadelphia Club|Military personnel from Philadelphia|United States Marine Corps officers|Heidelberg University alumni|American people of English descent|American people of Austrian descent|American Marine Corps personnel of World War I |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。