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词条 Amal Clooney
释义

  1. Early life and family

  2. Education

  3. Career

      New York    The Hague    London  

  4. Teaching

  5. Notable cases

  6. Appointments

  7. Awards and honours

  8. Philanthropy

  9. Personal life

  10. Works and publications

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{Infobox person
| name = Amal Clooney
| image = Amal Clooney 02.jpg
| caption = Clooney in 2018
| birth_name = Amal Alamuddin
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|2|3|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Beirut, Lebanon
| nationality = {{hlist|British|Lebanese}}
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
  • St Hugh's College, Oxford
  • New York University School of Law}}

| occupation = Barrister-at-law
| years_active = 2000–present
| spouse = {{marriage|George Clooney|2014}}
| children = 2
}}Amal Clooney (née Alamuddin; {{lang-ar| أمل علم الدين}}; born 3 February 1978)[1] is a Lebanese-British barrister at Doughty Street Chambers, specialising in international law and human rights.[2] Her clients include Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, in his fight against extradition;[3] the former prime minister of Ukraine, Yulia Tymoshenko;[4] Egyptian-Canadian journalist Mohamed Fahmy; and Nobel Prize laureate Nadia Murad. She is married to American actor George Clooney.[1]

In 2019, Clooney was appointed the special envoy on media freedom by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office.[5]

Early life and family

Amal Alamuddin was born in Beirut, Lebanon. Her first name is derived from Arabic أمل {{transl|ar|ALA-LC|ʾamal}}, meaning "hope".[6]

During the 1980s Lebanese Civil War, Alamuddin's family left Lebanon and settled in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire.[7] She learned English watching her favourite show "The Facts of Life," and was two years old at the time.[8] Her father, Ramzi Alam Uddin, from a Lebanese Druze family from Baakline (a village in the Chouf district),[8][9][10][11][12][13] received his MBA degree at the American University of Beirut and was the owner of COMET travel agency. He returned to Lebanon in 1991.[14][15] Her mother, Bariaa Miknass, from a family of Sunni Muslims[18][19] from Tripoli in Northern Lebanon,[16][17] is a foreign editor of the Pan-Arab newspaper al-Hayat and a founder of the public relations company International Communication Experts, which is part of a larger company that specialises in celebrity guest bookings, publicity photography, and event promotion.[8][18]

Alamuddin's mother, Baria Alamuddin, is a well-known political journalist.[19] She states, "My pregnancy with Amal was a rather difficult one," as she had placenta praevia and spent two months in the hospital. "At some point, I was told that I should lose the baby. I said no. I kept on having these dreams in which I would see her face and how she was going to look. In the end, [she] was born exactly as I saw her." The birth came during a lull in Lebanon's civil war, so her father named her Amal{{snd}} Arabic for "hope."

Amal Clooney has three siblings—one sister, Tala, and two half-brothers, Samer and Ziad,[8] from her father's first marriage.[20]

Education

Clooney attended Dr Challoner's High School, a girls' grammar school located in Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire. She then studied at St Hugh's College, Oxford, where she received an Exhibition[21] and the Shrigley Award.[22] In 2000, Clooney graduated with a BA degree in Jurisprudence (Oxford's equivalent to the LLB)[23] from St Hugh's College, Oxford.

The following year, in 2001, she entered New York University School of Law to study for the LLM degree. She received the Jack J. Katz Memorial Award for excellence in entertainment law.[24][25] For one semester while at NYU, she worked in the office of Sonia Sotomayor, then a judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.[26]

Career

Clooney is qualified to practise as a lawyer in the United States and the United Kingdom. She was admitted to the bar in New York in 2002 and in England and Wales in 2010. She has also practised at international courts in The Hague including the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.[24]

New York

Clooney worked at Sullivan & Cromwell in New York City for three years as part of the Criminal Defense and Investigations Group, where her clients included Enron and Arthur Andersen.[22][24]

The Hague

In 2004, she completed a judicial clerkship at the International Court of Justice. She clerked under Judge Vladlen S. Vereshchetin from Russia, Judge Nabil Elaraby from Egypt,[27][28] and ad hoc Judge Sir Franklin Berman from the United Kingdom.

She was subsequently based in The Hague working in the Office of the Prosecutor at the UN Special Tribunal for Lebanon and at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.[29]

London

Clooney returned to Britain in 2010,[30] where she became a barrister in London (Bar of England & Wales, Inner Temple) at Doughty Street Chambers.[22] In 2013 Clooney was appointed to a number of United Nations commissions, including as adviser to Special Envoy Kofi Annan on Syria and as Counsel to the 2013 Drone Inquiry by UN human rights rapporteur Ben Emmerson QC into the use of drones in counter-terrorism operations.[25][31]

Clooney has been involved in high-profile cases representing the state of Cambodia, the former Libyan intelligence chief Abdallah Al Senussi, Yulia Tymoshenko[32] and Julian Assange, and was an adviser to the King of Bahrain in connection with the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry headed by Professor M. Cherif Bassiouni.[24]

Teaching

For the Spring 2015 and 2016 academic semesters, Clooney was a visiting faculty member and a senior fellow with Columbia Law School's Human Rights Institute.[33][34] She was a co-professor with Sarah H. Cleveland in Cleveland's course on human rights and taught a class on human rights litigation to students in the school's Human Rights Clinic.[35][36]

For the Spring 2018 semester, Clooney taught at Columbia Law School, again as a co-professor with Sarah H. Cleveland on a core class on human rights.[37]

Clooney has also lectured students on international criminal law at the Law School of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, The New School in New York City, The Hague Academy of International Law, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[24]

Notable cases

{{as of|2011||}}, Clooney was assisting the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the arbitration between Merck Sharp and Dohme and the Republic of Ecuador.[38]

Starting in 2014, Clooney represented Canadian Al Jazeera English journalist Mohamed Fahmy who, along with other journalists, was being held in Egypt.[39][40][41][42] He was eventually sentenced to three years in prison and lost a retrial in August 2015 before finally being pardoned by Egyptian president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.[43][44]

In August 2014, Clooney declined a UN commission to look into possible violations of the rules of war in Gaza during the Gaza war of 2014.[45]

In October 2014, Clooney was hired in attempt to repatriate the ancient Greek sculptures the Elgin Marbles.[46][47] In May 2015, Greece decided to stop legal proceedings to recover the sculptures and dismissed her as their brief.[48]

In January 2015, Clooney began work on the recognition of the Armenian Genocide.[49] She is representing Armenia on behalf of Doughty Street Chambers along with Geoffrey Robertson QC.[50] She said Turkey's stance was hypocritical "because of its disgraceful record on freedom of expression", including prosecutions of Turkish-Armenians who campaign for the 1915 massacres to be called a genocide.[49] She is representing Armenia in the case against Doğu Perinçek,[51][52] whose 2007 conviction for genocide denial and racial discrimination was overturned in Perinçek v. Switzerland (2013).[49] A "minor internet frenzy" resulted from her bon mot prior to the 28 January 2015 hearing. In response to a journalist pestering her over what designer gown she would be wearing in court, she replied "Ede & Ravenscroft"{{snd}} the tailors who make her court robes.[53][54]

On 8 March 2015, Clooney filed a case against the Government of the Republic of the Philippines before the UN's Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, a body under the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, for the continued detention of former Philippine president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.[55] Arroyo was a sitting Pampanga congresswoman at the time. On 2 October, The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention later released its opinion that the detention of former President Arroyo "violates international law" and is "arbitrary on a number of grounds."[56]

On 7 April 2015, it was announced that Clooney would be part of the legal team defending Mohamed Nasheed, former President of the Maldives, in his ongoing arbitrary detention.[57] Nasheed was sentenced to 13 years in jail in March 2015 following what was characterized as a politically motivated trial.[58] Amnesty International described his sentencing as a "travesty of justice."[59][60] Prior to visiting the Maldives, the local co-counsel working on the case was stabbed in the head, an indication of the danger and instability in the country.[61] In January 2016, Clooney gave a series of interviews about the UN-condemned trial and imprisonment of Nasheed and put forth efforts to support imposing sanctions on the Maldives.[62][63] According to The Economist, she has "helped strengthen the backing of Britain's prime minister, David Cameron, for the cause of Maldivian democracy."[64]

In June 2015, Clooney began work on the recently re-opened Hooded Men case[65] brought by the Irish government against the British government in the European Court of Human Rights.[66][67] Clooney worked with Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs Charles Flanagan{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} on the case, which concerned policies used by UK Prime Minister Edward Heath (1970–1974) in Operation Demetrius that included the illegal interrogation methods known as five techniques.[68] In September 2018, the court rejected the final appeal in the case.[69]

Clooney is part of the legal team representing Louis Olivier Bancoult and Chagos islanders on their claim[70] that they had been forced off their island, Diego Garcia, in 1971 by the UK government to make way for a U.S. military base.[71]

In 2016, it was announced that Clooney will represent Azerbaijani journalist Khadija Ismayilova at the European Court of Human Rights. Ismayilova's investigative work had resulted in her imprisonment.[72] Following the trial, Ismayilova was released from prison and had her sentence reduced to a suspended three-and-a-half year term.[73]

In September 2016, Clooney spoke{{snd}} for the first time at the United Nations{{snd}} before the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to discuss the decision she made in June 2016[74] to represent Murad as a client in legal action against ISIL commanders.[75][76][77] Clooney characterised the genocide, rape, and trafficking as a "bureaucracy of evil on an industrial scale" by ISIL, describing a slave market existing both online, on Facebook and in the Middle East that is still active today.[78]

Appointments

On 25 February 2014, the UK Attorney General's Office appointed Clooney for the period 2014 to 2019 to the C Panel of the Public International Law Panel of Counsel.[79][80]

In May 2014, Clooney was a signatory of UNICEF UK and Jemima Khan's open letter that called for "action from UK Government to protect women and children".[81]

On 2 January 2015, it was reported by The Guardian that before Clooney was involved as Rapporteur in the case against Mohamed Fahmy, she had written a report in February 2014 for the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) that was critical of Egypt's judiciary process. Clooney and others were warned that there was a strong possibility they would be arrested if they entered Egypt, as a result of the criticism.[82][83]

In April 2019, Clooney became a special envoy at the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, advising the Secretary of State, Jeremy Hunt on global media freedom.[5][84] In her role as media freedom special envoy, Clooney will chair a panel of international lawyers to 'develop and promote legal mechanisms to prevent and reverse media abuses'.[85]

Awards and honours

Clooney studied at St Hugh's College, Oxford, where she received an Exhibition[21] and the Shrigley Award.[22] Clooney received the Jack J. Katz Memorial Award for excellence in entertainment law from NYU School of Law.[24][25]

Clooney was chosen as Barbara Walters' Most Fascinating Person of 2015.[86] At the 2014 British Fashion Awards, Clooney was shortlisted for Best British Style alongside David Beckham, Kate Moss, Keira Knightley and Emma Watson.[87]

Philanthropy

Clooney is the president of the Clooney Foundation for Justice, which she co-founded with her husband George Clooney in late 2016 to advance justice in courtrooms, communities, and classrooms around the world.

Clooney partnered with the Aurora Humanitarian Initiative in beginning the Amal Clooney Scholarship, which was created to send one female student from Lebanon to the United World College Dilijan each year, to enroll in a two-year International Baccalaureate (IB) programme.[88]

Clooney and her husband sponsor a Yazidi student, Hazim Avdal, who Clooney met via her work with Nadia Murad as Avdal worked at Yazda. He is attending the University of Chicago.[89]

In 2018, following the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, the Clooneys pledged $500,000 to the March for Our Lives and said they would be in attendance.[90]

Personal life

Amal Clooney is fluent in English, French and conversational Arabic.[91][92] Her father is a Lebanese Druze[11][12][13][16][93] and her mother is a Lebanese Sunni Muslim.[16][17] Some reports have described Clooney as a Druze.[93] However, it is unlikely that she considers herself a part of the religion in any capacity, due to the Druze restriction on exogamy, her mother's Muslim faith, and her marriage to non-Druze George Clooney.[94][95] She has not publicly discussed her religion, but her husband said in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter that Amal Clooney is "nondenominational....not religious at all".[96]

She became engaged to actor George Clooney on 28 April 2014.[97] In July 2014, George Clooney publicly criticised the British tabloid newspaper the Daily Mail after it claimed his fiancée's mother opposed their marriage on religious grounds.[98] When the tabloid apologised for its false story, he refused to accept the apology. He called the paper "the worst kind of tabloid. One that makes up its facts to the detriment of its readers."[99]

On 7 August 2014, the couple obtained marriage licences in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London.[100]

They married on 27 September 2014 in Venice's city hall (at Ca' Farsetti),[101][102][103] following a high-profile wedding ceremony two days earlier, also[104] in Venice.[105][106][107] They were married by Clooney's friend Walter Veltroni, former mayor of Rome.[107][108] The wedding was widely reported in the media.[109] In October 2014, it was announced that the Clooneys had bought the Mill House on an island in the River Thames at Sonning Eye in England[110] at a cost of around £10 million.[111]

In February 2017, it was reported by the CBS talk show The Talk that Clooney was pregnant, and that she and her husband were expecting twins.[112] Friend Matt Damon confirmed the pregnancy to Entertainment Tonight.[113] In June 2017, she gave birth to daughter Ella and son Alexander.[114]

Works and publications

  • {{cite book|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|editor1-last=Khan|editor1-first=Karim A.A.|editor2-last=Buisman|editor2-first=Caroline|editor3-last=Gosnell|editor3-first=Christopher|title=Principles of Evidence in International Criminal Justice|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-958892-3|pages=231–305|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/principles-of-evidence-in-international-criminal-justice/oclc/663822377/viewport|chapter=II. Before the Trial Begins; 6. Collection of Evidence|oclc=663822377}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|last2=Webb|first2=Philippa|title=Expanding Jurisdiction over War Crimes under Article 8 of the ICC Statute|journal=Journal of International Criminal Justice|date=15 November 2010|volume=8|issue=5|pages=1219–1243|doi=10.1093/jicj/mqq066|issn=1478-1387|oclc=775833494}}[29]
  • {{cite journal|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|title=Does Libya Have to Surrender Saif Al-slam Gaddafi to The Hague?|journal=Mizaan: The Newsletter from Lawyers for Justice in Libya|date=April 2012|issue=1|url=http://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/documents/uploaded-documents/mizaan-newsletter-23rd-april-final1.pdf}}
  • {{cite news|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|title=Will Syria go to the ICC?|url=http://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/documents/uploaded-documents/will_syria_go_to_the_ICC.pdf|work=The Lawyer|date=10 December 2012}}
  • {{cite news|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|last2=Hardman|first2=Nadia|title=Separating Law and Politics: Challenges to the Independence of Judges and Prosecutors in Egypt|url=http://www.ibanet.org/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=B30A63AE-8066-4B49-8758-C1684BE5E9B9|work=Report of the International Bar Association Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI), Supported by the Open Society Foundations Arab Regional Office|date=February 2014}} PDF
  • {{cite book|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|editor1-last=Zidar|editor1-first=Andraž|editor2-last=Bekou|editor2-first=Olympia|title=Contemporary Challenges for the International Criminal Court|date=2014|publisher=British Institute of International and Comparative Law|location=London|isbn=978-1-90522-151-6|pages=103–130|chapter=The role of the Security Council in starting and stopping cases at the International Criminal Court: problems of principle and practice|oclc=871319445}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Alamuddin|first1=Amal|last2=Bonini|first2=Anna|editor1-last=Alamuddin|editor1-first=Amal|editor2-last=Jurdi|editor2-first=Nidal Nabil|editor3-last=Tolbert|editor3-first=David|title=The Special Tribunal for Lebanon: Law and Practice|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-968745-9|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/special-tribunal-for-lebanon-law-and-practice/oclc/861207456/viewport|chapter=Chapter 4: The UN investigation of the Hariri assassination; The relationship between the UN investigation commission and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon: Problems of Principle and Practice|pages=50–72|oclc=861207456}}
  • {{cite news|last1=Clooney|first1=Amal|title=The Anatomy of an Unfair Trial|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/Amal-Alamuddin/egypt-unfair-trial_b_5688388.html|work=Huffington Post|date=18 August 2014}}
  • {{cite news|last1=Clooney|first1=Amal|title=Release Mohamed Nasheed{{snd}} an innocent man and the Maldives' great hope|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/30/release-mohamed-nasheed-maldives-president-conviction|work=The Guardian|date=30 April 2015|language=en}}
  • {{cite news|last1=Clooney|first1=Amal|title=Maldives Backslides Into Repression as the World Calls for President Nasheed's Release|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/Amal-Clooney/maldives-president-nasheed-release_b_8297848.html|work=Huffington Post|date=14 October 2015}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Clooney|first1=Amal|last2=Webb|first2=Philippa|title=The Right to a Fair Trial in International Law|date=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-198-80839-8|oclc=994411014}} (forthcoming November 2018)

References

1. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Russian|first1=Ale|title=Amal's Big 40! George Clooney Celebrates Wife's Birthday on 24-Hour Getaway|url=http://people.com/movies/amals-big-40-george-clooney-celebrates-wifes-birthday-on-24-hour-getaway/|work=People|date=5 February 2018|language=en}}
2. ^{{cite news|last1=Nicole Lyn|first1=Pesce|last2=Dillon|first2=Nancy|last3=Rivera|first3=Zayda|title=George Clooney Finally Meets His Match With Human Rights Lawyer Amal Alamuddin|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/george-clooney-hitched-lawyer-amal-alamuddin-article-1.1772111|work=Daily News|date=29 April 2014}}
3. ^{{cite news|work=ABC News|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/things-george-clooneys-lady-friend-amal-alamuddin/story?id=22960268|last=Rothman|first=Michael|title=5 Things About Amal Alamuddin|date=19 March 2014}}
4. ^{{cite news|first1=Ian|last1=Johnston|title=George Clooney Engaged To Amal Alamuddin: Actor To Marry British Human Rights Lawyer Who Has Represented Julian Assange|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/george-clooney-to-marry-his-british-lawyer-girlfriend-amal-alamuddin-9294602.html|work=The Independent|date=27 April 2014}}
5. ^1 {{cite news |title=Amal Clooney appointed Foreign Office special envoy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47825327 |accessdate=5 April 2019 |agency=BBC}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Rosenthal|first1=Franz|editor1-last=Gutas|editor1-first=Dimitri|title=Man Versus Society in Medieval Islam|date=2014|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden; Boston|ISBN=978-9-004-27089-3|page=613|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/man-versus-society-in-medieval-islam/oclc/892338528/viewport|OCLC=892338528}}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Flanagan|first1=Padraic|title=George Clooney Engaged to High-Flying British Lawyer|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/10793797/George-Clooney-engaged-to-high-flying-British-lawyer.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=28 April 2014}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Karam|first1=Joyce|title=Who is Clooney's fiancée Amal Alamuddin?|url= http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/entertainment/2014/04/28/Who-is-Clooney-s-fianc-e-Amal-Alamuddin-.html|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=Al Arabiya|date=28 April 2014}}
9. ^{{cite news|author1=Globe Staff|title=George Clooney rejects Daily Mail's apology for 'fabricated' story |accessdate=21 August 2014|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/celebrity-news/george-clooney-rejects-daily-mails-apology-for-fabricated-story/article19565361/|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=Phillip Crawley |date=11 July 2014|quote=whose father, Ramzi, belongs to a prominent Druze family. }}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Talk of the village: What does Amal Alamuddin's Druze community think of Clooney engagement? |url=http://www.albawaba.com/limelight/george-clooney-amal-alamuddin-578965|accessdate=21 August 2014|work=The Daily Star|publisher=Al Bawaba|date=26 May 2014}}
11. ^1 {{cite news|title=Clooney, Alamuddin set Sept. 20 marriage date|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Life/Lubnan/2014/Aug-08/266415-clooney-alamuddin-set-sept-20-marriage-date.ashx|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=Daily Star|date=8 August 2014}}
12. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Younes|first1=Ali|title=Who is Amal Alamuddin, reported George Clooney's new fiancee|url=http://thearabdailynews.com/2014/04/30/amal-alamuddin-reported-george-clooneys-new-fiancee/|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=The Arab Daily News|date=30 April 2014}}
13. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Smith|first1=Lee|title=But Is It Good for the Druze?George Clooney and his future in-laws|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/it-good-druze_791179.html|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=The Weekly Standard|date=19 May 2014|volume=19|issue=34}}
14. ^{{cite news|work=The Straits Times|date=27 April 2014|accessdate=6 May 2014|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/movies/story/george-clooneys-fiancee-not-only-has-beauty-and-brains-also-great-style-20140|title=George Clooney's Fiancée Amal Alamuddin Has Beauty, Brains And Style}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/lebanon/140504/youd-think-george-clooney-amal-alamuddin-marriage|title=You'd think George Clooney asked all of Lebanon to marry him|newspaper=Global Post}}
16. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Gebeily|first1=Maya|title=Amal Alamuddin from 'Druze family of sheikhs'|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/reportsfeatures/545333-amal-alamuddin-from-druze-family-of-sheikhs|accessdate=28 September 2014|website=NOW News|date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006172909/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/reportsfeatures/545333-amal-alamuddin-from-druze-family-of-sheikhs|archive-date=6 October 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Gatten|first1=Emma|title=Amal Alamuddin: George Clooney's Betrothed a Star Among Druze Community|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/amal-alamuddin-george-clooneys-betrothed-star-among-druze-community-n201351|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=NBC News|date=13 September 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globellcommunications.com/ice/ice.html|title=International Communication Experts (I.C.E.)|website=Globell Communications|date=2010}}
19. ^[https://www.tatler.com/article/amal-clooney-the-most-wanted-woman-in-britain Amal Clooney - the most wanted woman in Britain], Matthew Bell tries to hang out with Mrs Clooney, Tatler, Tuesday, 19 January 2016: '"I remember her as humane and brainy," adds Ghil'ad Zuckermann, now a professor of linguistics at the University of Adelaide, Australia, who was also at St Hugh's with Amal. "Students were talking about Amal even then, especially those from Middle Eastern backgrounds. I remember being told around 1997 about her famous journalist mother."'
20. ^{{cite news|agency=AFP|title=Lebanon in frenzy over Clooney-Alamuddin engagement|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/lebanonnews/545482-lebanon-in-frenzy-over-clooney-alamuddin-engagement|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013112657/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/lebanonnews/545482-lebanon-in-frenzy-over-clooney-alamuddin-engagement|dead-url=yes|archive-date=13 October 2014|accessdate=28 September 2014|website=NOW News|date=1 May 2014}}
21. ^1 {{cite news|newspaper=Oxford University Gazette|date=23 October 1997|title=Colleges, Halls, and Societies: Notices – St Hugh's College|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/1997-8/weekly/231097/coll.htm|access-date=6 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718195832/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/1997-8/weekly/231097/coll.htm|archive-date=18 July 2010|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
22. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregorymcneal/2014/04/27/international-lawyer-and-scholar-amal-alamuddin-engaged-to-george-clooney/|title=International Lawyer And Scholar Amal Alamuddin Engaged To George Clooney|work=Forbes|date=27 April 2014|first=Gregory S.|last=McNeal|accessdate=15 September 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Law (Jurisprudence)|accessdate=8 April 2014|work=University of Oxford|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate_courses/courses/law_jurisprudence/law.html}}
24. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Amal Alamuddin|work=Doughty Street Chambers|format=PDF|url=http://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/barristers/profile-pdf/amal-clooney/185|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731002805/http://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/barristers/profile-pdf/amal-clooney/185|archive-date=31 July 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Schumann|first=Rebecka|title=George Clooney Girlfriend Revealed: Who Is Amal Alamuddin? 6 Fast Facts About The Actor's New Love|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/george-clooney-girlfriend-revealed-who-amal-alamuddin-6-fast-facts-about-actors-new-love-photos |newspaper=International Business Times|date=29 October 2013|accessdate=6 May 2014}}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=Mathis-Lilley|first1=Ben|title=London Human Rights Lawyer Amal Alamuddin Is Engaged|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/04/28/amal_alamuddin_london_lawyer_to_wed_actor.html|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=Slate|date=28 April 2014}}
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28. ^{{cite web|last=Chi|first=Paul|title=George Clooney Engaged to Amal Alamuddin: 5 Fast Facts About Her |accessdate=6 May 2014|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20791492,00.html|work=People|date=27 February 2014}}
29. ^1 {{cite journal|volume=8|issue=5|page=1219|url=http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/5/1219.full|journal=Journal of International Criminal Justice|title=Expanding Jurisdiction over War Crimes under Article 8 of the ICC Statute|doi=10.1093/jicj/mqq066|last1=Alamuddin |first1=A.|last2=Webb|first2=P.|year=2010}}
30. ^{{cite news|last1=Butter|first1=Susannah|title=Amal Alamuddin's caseload: why the future Mrs George Clooney isn't about to give up her day job as a human rights lawyer|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/amal-alamuddins-caseload-why-the-future-mrs-george-clooney-isnt-about-to-give-up-her-day-job-as-a-human-rights-lawyer-9680615.html|accessdate=28 September 2014|work=London Evening Standard|date=20 August 2014}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=UN SRCT Drone Inquiry – Credits: UNSRCT Team |url=http://unsrct-drones.com/report/176|accessdate=28 April 2014|work=United Nations}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=BBC News Amal Alamuddin on Yulia Tymoshenko and Ukraine|url=https://vimeo.com/90740322|accessdate=30 August 2015|work=BBC News|date=2 April 2014}}
33. ^{{cite web|last1=Duboff|first1=Josh|title=Amal Clooney Will Be Teaching at Columbia Law School This Spring|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/03/amal-clooney-columbia-law-school|work=Vanity Fair|date=6 March 2015|accessdate=7 March 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news|last1=Frankel|first1=Mark|title=From Morningside Heights to the Maldives|url=http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2016/may2016/amal-clooney-columbia|work=Columbia Law School|date=12 May 2016|language=en|format=Press release}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Andriakos|first1=Jacqueline|title=Amal Clooney to Teach at Columbia Law School in N.Y.C.|url=http://www.people.com/article/amal-clooney-teach-columbia-law-school-joins-faculty|accessdate=7 March 2015|work=People|date=7 March 2015}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Amal Clooney: Visiting Professor and Senior Fellow, Human Rights Institute (Spring 2015)|url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/fac/Amal_Clooney|website=Columbia Law School|accessdate=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092112/https://www.law.columbia.edu/fac/Amal_Clooney|archive-date=18 May 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Amal Clooney Returns to Columbia Law to Teach International Human Rights Law|url=http://www.law.columbia.edu/news/2018/03/amal-clooney-returns-international-human-rights|work=Columbia Law School|date=23 March 2018|language=en}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Merck Sharpe & Dohme (I.A.) LLC v. The Republic of Ecuador|url=http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpagea11a.html?pag_id=1486|website=Permanent Court of Arbitration|accessdate=30 August 2015|date=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910013754/http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpagea11a.html?pag_id=1486|archive-date=10 September 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
39. ^{{cite news|last1=Kingsley|first1=Patrick|title=Amal Clooney calls on Egypt to release journalist Mohamed Fahmy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/06/amal-clooney-egypt-journalist-mohamed-fahmy|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=The Guardian|date=6 November 2014}}
40. ^{{cite news|last1=Paris|first1=Max|title=Amal Clooney wants Stephen Harper to 'pick up phone' to free Mohamed Fahmy|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/amal-clooney-wants-stephen-harper-to-pick-up-phone-to-free-mohamed-fahmy-1.2974284|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=CBC News|date=26 February 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Galloway|first1=Gloria|title=Amal Clooney to travel to Egypt to lobby for Fahmy's freedom|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/amal-clooney-to-travel-to-egypt-to-lobby-for-fahmys-freedom/article23217265/|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=The Globe and Mail|date=26 February 2015}}
42. ^{{cite news|last1=Logan|first1=Nick|title=Mohamed Fahmy's lawyer Amal Clooney pens deportation request ahead of verdict|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2113410/mohamed-fahmys-lawyer-amal-clooney-pens-deportation-request-ahead-of-retrial-verdict/|accessdate=16 July 2015|work=Global News|date=15 July 2015}}
43. ^{{cite news|last1=Malsin|first1=Jared|title=Al-Jazeera journalists sentenced to three years in prison by Egyptian court|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/29/egyptian-court-sentences-3-al-jazeera-english-journalists-to-3-years-in-prison|accessdate=30 August 2015|work=The Guardian|date=29 August 2015}}
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45. ^{{cite web |last=Ryder|first=Taryn|title=Amal Alamuddin 'Horrified,' but Unable to Serve on Gaza Rights U.N. Probe|work=Yahoo! Celebrity|url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/blogs/celeb-news/amal-alamuddin--horrified---but-unable-to-serve-on-gaza-rights-u-n--probe-211712042.html|accessdate=12 August 2014|date=11 August 2014}}
46. ^{{cite news|last1=Reuters |title=Clooney's wife Amal Alamuddin to advise Greece on Elgin marbles bid|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/09/amal-alamuddin-clooney-wife-greece-elgin-marbles-bid|accessdate=13 October 2014 |work=The Guardian|date=9 October 2014}}
47. ^{{cite news|last1=Squires|first1=Nick|title=Amal Alamuddin to tour Acropolis as she advises Greece on return of Elgin Marbles|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/11159736/Amal-Alamuddin-to-tour-Acropolis-as-she-advises-Greece-on-return-of-Elgin-Marbles.html|accessdate=13 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=13 October 2014}}
48. ^{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Helena|title=Greece drops option of legal action in British Museum Parthenon marbles row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/may/13/greece-drops-option-legal-action-british-museum-parthenon-marbles-row|accessdate=14 May 2015|work=The Guardian|date=13 May 2015}}
49. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Waterfield|first1=Bruno|title=Amal Clooney accuses Turkey of hypocrisy on freedom of speech in Armenian genocide trial|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11373991/Amal-Clooney-accuses-Turkey-of-hypocrisy-on-freedom-of-speech-in-Armenian-genocide-trial.html|accessdate=28 January 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=28 January 2015}}
50. ^{{cite news|last1=Akkoc|first1=Raziye|title=Amal Clooney's latest case: Why Turkey won't talk about the Armenian genocide|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11373115/Amal-Clooneys-latest-case-Why-Turkey-wont-talk-about-the-Armenian-genocide.html|accessdate=28 January 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=28 January 2015}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Amal Clooney's speech in ECHR hearing of Perinçek v. Switzerland case|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_qw8UTPGYI|website=News.am Channel|accessdate=18 March 2015|format=Video|date=28 January 2015}}
52. ^{{cite web|title=Perinçek v. Switzerland (no. 27510/08)|url=http://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=hearings&w=2751008_28012015&language=lang&c=&py=2015|website=European Court of Human Rights|accessdate=30 August 2015|date=28 January 2015}}
53. ^{{cite news|last=Craw|first=Victoria|title=Amal Clooney gives brilliant smackdown to journalist at new case in European Court of Human Rights|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/amal-clooney-gives-brilliant-smackdown-to-journalist-at-new-case-in-european-court-of-human-rights/story-fnks7u94-1227200714035|work=News.com.au|date=29 January 2015}}
54. ^{{cite news|last1=Waterfield|first1=Bruno|title=Amal Clooney and her robes: A tale told in tweets|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/armenia/11376127/Amal-Clooney-and-her-robes-A-tale-told-in-tweets.html|publisher=telegraph.co.uk|work=The Daily Telegraph|date= 29 January 2015}}
55. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/448945/news/nation/british-lawyer-amal-clooney-takes-gloria-arroyo-s-case-to-un | title=British lawyer Amal Clooney takes Gloria Arroyo's case to UN | publisher=GMA News | date=8 March 2015 | accessdate=8 March 2015}}
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57. ^{{cite news|title=President Mohamed Nasheed Announces International Legal Team|url=http://mdp.org.mv/archives/68882|accessdate=7 April 2015|work=Maldivian Democratic Party, Maldives|date=7 April 2015}}
58. ^{{cite news|last1=Clooney|first1=Amal|title=Release Mohamed Nasheed{{snd}} an innocent man and the Maldives' great hope|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/30/release-mohamed-nasheed-maldives-president-conviction|accessdate=23 May 2015|work=The Guardian|date=30 April 2015}}
59. ^{{cite news|title=Maldives: 13 year sentence for former president 'a travesty of justice'|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/03/maldives-mohamed-nasheed-convicted-terrorism/|accessdate=23 May 2015|work=Amnesty International|date=13 March 2015}}
60. ^{{cite news|title=Amal Clooney Tells Amnesty International Why the Former President of the Maldives Must Be Released|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/news-item/amal-clooney-tells-amnesty-international-why-the-former-president-of-the-maldives-must-be-released|accessdate=16 October 2015|work=Amnesty International|date=14 October 2015}}
61. ^{{cite news|last1=McFadden|first1=Cynthia|last2=Whitman|first2=Jake|last3=Connor|first3=Tracy|title=Amal Clooney Takes Maldives Human-Rights Battle to Washington|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/amal-clooney-takes-maldives-human-rights-battle-washington-n496051|accessdate=15 January 2016|work=NBC News|date=14 January 2016}}
62. ^{{cite news|last1=McFadden|first1=Cynthia|title=Amal Clooney: Human Rights Lawyer On Her Reluctant Celeb Status|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9mS23Q8R_A|accessdate=21 January 2016|work=TheToday Show|date=15 January 2016}}
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66. ^{{cite news|last1=Kearney|first1=Vincent|title=Amal Clooney to represent 'hooded men' in torture legal case|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-31318181|accessdate=14 May 2015|work=BBC News|date=9 February 2015}}
67. ^{{cite news|last1=McDonald|first1=Henry|title=Amal Clooney joins team representing Northern Ireland's 'hooded men'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/feb/09/amal-clooney-northern-ireland-belfast-hooded-men-european-court-human-rights|accessdate=14 May 2015|work=The Guardian|date=9 February 2015}}
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71. ^{{cite news|last1=Bowcott|first1=Owen|title=Chagos islanders ask supreme court to overturn House of Lords decision|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2015/jun/22/chagos-islanders-supreme-court-house-lords-decision|accessdate=23 June 2015|work=The Guardian|date=22 June 2015}}
72. ^{{cite news|last1=Salimova|first1=Gulnar|title=Star lawyer Amal Clooney to defend Azerbaijani investigative journalist Ismayilova|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/world/star-lawyer-amal-clooney-to-defend-azerbaijani-investigative-journalist-ismayilova-406291.html|accessdate=20 January 2016|work=Kyiv Post|date=20 January 2016}}
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74. ^{{cite news|last1=Allum|first1=Cynthia|title=Exclusive: Amal Clooney to represent ISIS survivor Nadia Murad and victims of Yazidi genocide|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/06/09/amal-clooney-to-represent-isis-survivor-nadia-murad-and-victims-of-yazidi-genocide/|accessdate=24 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=9 June 2016}}
75. ^{{cite news|last1=Lara|first1=Maria Mercedes|title=Watch: Amal Clooney Reveals She and George Talked About the 'Risks' of Taking on ISIS{{snd}} 'I Mean, This Is My Work'|url=http://www.people.com/article/amal-clooney-nadia-murad-isis-trafficking-victim-video|accessdate=19 September 2016|work=People|date=19 September 2016}}
76. ^{{cite news|last1=McFadden|first1=Cynthia|last2=Whitman|first2=Jake|last3=Rappleye|first3=Hannah|title=Amal Clooney Takes on ISIS for 'Clear Case of Genocide' of Yazidis'|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/amal-clooney-takes-isis-clear-case-genocide-yazidis-n649126|accessdate=19 September 2016|work=NBC News|date=19 September 2016}}
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78. ^{{cite news|title=Appointment Ceremony of Ms. Nadia Murad Basee Taha As UNODC Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking on the Occasion of the International Day of Peace|url=http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/watch/appointment-ceremony-of-ms.-nadia-murad-basee-taha-as-unodc-goodwill-ambassador-for-the-dignity-of-survivors-of-human-trafficking-on-the-occasion-of-the-international-day-of-peace/5128825128001#full-text|accessdate=21 September 2016|work=United Nations Television (UNTV)|date=16 September 2016|format=Video}}
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99. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28262019|title=George Clooney rejects Mail Online apology|date=11 July 2014|work=BBC News}}
100. ^{{cite news|last=Rothman|first=Michael|title=George Clooney and Fiancée Amal Alamuddin Get Marriage License|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/george-clooney-fiance-amal-alamuddin-marriage-license/story?id=24877642|work=ABC News|date=7 August 2014}}
101. ^{{cite web|title=Clooney And Bride Appear In Public After Wedding|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1343410/clooney-and-bride-appear-in-public-after-wedding|work=Sky News}}
102. ^{{cite web|title=Inside George Clooney and Amal Alamuddin's Wedding|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20858520,00.html|work=People|date=5 October 2014}}
103. ^{{cite web|title=George Clooney and Amal Alamuddin's wedding|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/george-clooney-weds-amal-alamuddin/|work=CBS News}}
104. ^{{cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Ariston|title=George Clooney Wedding Details Leaked by Italian Media|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-clooney-wedding-details-leaked-732822|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=15 September 2014}}
105. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1343410/clooney-and-bride-appear-in-public-after-wedding|last1=Kington|first1=Tom |title=Clooney And Bride Appear in Public After Wedding|work=Sky News|date=27 September 2014}}
106. ^{{cite news|last1=Oldenburg|first1=Ann|last2=Puente|first2=Maria |title=George Clooney, Amal Alamuddin marry in Venice|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/09/27/george-clooney-amal-alamuddin-wedding-married-italy/15829967/|work=USA Today|date=27 September 2014}}
107. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Fornasier|first1=Claudia|title=George, sì davanti a Veltroni|url=http://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/cronaca/2014/15-settembre-2014/george-si-a-veltroni-230136085285.shtml|work=Corriere della Sera|date=15 September 2014}}
108. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11097278/George-Clooney-to-be-married-by-ex-Rome-mayor.html|title=George Clooney 'to be married by ex-Rome mayor'|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=15 September 2014|first=Nick|last=Squires}}
109. ^{{cite news |last1=Squires |first1=Nick|title=George Clooney's wedding to Amal Alamuddin finally ends|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11128418/George-Clooneys-wedding-to-Amal-Alamuddin-finally-ends.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=29 September 2014}}
110. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11154328/Welcome-to-Sonning-Mr-and-Mrs-Clooney.html|title=Welcome to Sonning, Mr & Mrs Clooney|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Patrick |last=Sawer|date=10 October 2014}}
111. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11152701/George-Clooney-snaps-up-10-million-manor-house-in-Sonning-Berkshire.html|title=George Clooney snaps up £10 million manor house in Sonning, Berkshire|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Patrick|last=Sawer|date=9 October 2014}}
112. ^{{cite news|title=George and Amal Clooney 'expecting twins'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38926056|work=BBC News|date=10 February 2017}}
113. ^{{cite news|last1=Rothman|first1=Michael|title=Matt Damon Says George and Amal Clooney Will Be 'Great Parents'|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/matt-damon-george-amal-clooney-great-parents/story?id=45400456|work=ABC News|date=10 February 2017|language=en}}
114. ^{{cite news|last1=Leonard|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Juneau|first2=Jen|title=A Boy! A Girl! George and Amal Clooney Welcome Twins|url=http://people.com/babies/george-clooney-amal-clooney-welcome-twins/|work=People|date=6 June 2017|language=en}}

External links

{{Commons category|Amal Clooney}}
  • Amal Clooney at Doughty Street Chambers
  • {{IMDb name|5007802}}
  • {{C-SPAN|Amal Clooney}}
{{portalbar|Biography}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clooney, Amal}}

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