| 词条 | Arlberg |
| 释义 |
| name = Arlberg Pass | photo = Arlberg passstrasse.jpg | photo_caption = View over the Arlberg and the pass road in winter | elevation_m = 1793 | elevation_ref = | traversed = Federal Highway B 197 | map = Alps | map_caption = Location of Arlberg Pass | map_size = | label = Arlberg Pass | coords = {{coord|47.130|N|10.211|E|type:pass|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | location = Austria | range = Alps | topo = }} Arlberg is a massif between Vorarlberg and Tyrol in Austria. The highest peak is the "Valluga" at {{convert|2811|m|ft|0}}. The name Arlberg derives from the tradition of the "Arlenburg", who are said to have once established themselves on the Tyrolean side of the Arlberg passes (1,793 m above sea level). Another story derives the name from the "Arlenbushes" that are very numerous here. There is no mountain with the name "Arlberg" proper. There are popular places and famous ski resorts at the Arlberg. The ski resorts are: Lech, Zürs, Stuben, St. Christoph, St. Anton, Oberlech, Stubenbach, Zug, Warth The name of the state of Vorarlberg is derived from the mountain Arlberg, which is located in front of the Arlberg, from the point of view of the Holy Roman Empire as well as the Swiss Confederation and the castle of the Habsburgs. GeographyThe Arlberg connects the Klostertal Valley in the west with the Stanzer Valley in the east. Together with the Flexenpass, it borders three mountain groups: the Verwall in the south, the Lechquellen mountains in the northwest, and the Lechtal Alps in the northeast. The Valluga, which stands as the highest mountain of the Arlberg, and the Trittkopf, southwest of the Lechtal Alps, dominate the pass. Four communities meet: on the Vorarlberg side, Lech and Klösterle–Stuben; on the Tyrol side, Kaisers and St. Anton. The watershed between the Rhine and the Danube rivers runs south from the Albonagrat to the Passhöhe, over the Valluga and Trittkopf, to the Flexenpass, and it traces from the Flexenspitz the southern edge of the Lechquellen mountains westward to the Klostertal. Pass roads and the Arlberg tunnelThe old pass route was known since the 14th century in the form of a narrow mule track when people began to trade salt in this region. However, because the Arlberg was very poorly developed, for centuries people avoided the route and took detours over the Fern Pass or Immenstadt for trading. The development of the textile industry and of the postal service, however, led to the roads being surfaced in 1824. With the rise of motor traffic in the 20th century, however, this became inadequate. It was decided that a {{convert|14|km|0|abbr=off}} long Arlberg Road Tunnel would be built between Langen and St. Anton. On July 5, 1974 the work began and the passage was opened to traffic on December 1, 1978. The tunnel has a toll; however, the old road over the pass is toll-free. A peculiarity of the tunnel is that it actually consists of two tunnels. On the Tyrolian side it is built over the "Rosanna Gorge" before the actual massif rises up in the direction of Vorarlberg over the tunnel. Arlberg Railway{{Main article|Arlberg railway}}The Arlberg railway connects Innsbruck with Bludenz. Between St. Anton and Langen it runs through the {{convert|10.25|km|2|abbr=off}} long Arlbergtunnel. {{wide image|Schindlerspitze Pano.jpg|800px|View from the Schindlerspitze}}TourismTourism is the main source of income for Arlberg villages and their inhabitants and plays a vital role in the region.[1] Today, "Arlberg" is a brand for the winter sports areas around the Arlberg Pass, in particular the ski areas of Lech, Zürs, Stuben, Klösterle and St. Christoph, St. Anton am Arlberg. The area is known for its long winter sports tradition. As early as 1901, the Arlberg ski club was founded and two years later a first club competition was held. In 1904 the first general Arlberg race took place, 1928 the first of the famous Arlberg Kandahar races. In 1921, under the leadership of Hannes Schneider, the ski school Arlberg was the first ski school in the region.[2] In 1937 the first lifts were built in St. Anton and in Zürs. It was the first ski-lift built by Konrad Doppelmayr and Sepp Bildstein. With the 2001 Ski World Cup in St. Anton, alpine ski racing came back to the Arlberg and thus to its roots. Today, the contiguous ski resorts on three mountains around Lech and Zürs (The White Ring), the Arena on Gampen, Kapall, Galzig and Valluga above St. Anton and St. Christoph, form a ski resort with 87 lifts, 305 km of groomed slopes and 200 km of deep snow slopes.[2] Thanks to the many winter sports enthusiasts, tourism at the Arlberg is of great importance. Between 1 November 2001 and 31 October 2002, more than one million overnight stays were counted for the first time. See also
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://diepresse.com/home/wirtschaft/economist/5086810/ArlbergSkigebiete_Wir-haben-Tourismus-sonst-nix|title=Arlberg-Skigebiete: "Wir haben Tourismus, sonst nix"|work=Die Presse|access-date=2017-04-26|language=de}} 2. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=www.stantonamarlberg.com, Rubrik „Presse“|first=|date=2009|title=History of St. Anton am Arlberg|url=http://www.stantonamarlberg.com/images/stories/pdf-dateien/geschichteskilauf.pdf|journal=|volume=|pages=}} 7 : Mountain passes of Tyrol (state)|Mountain ranges of Tyrol (state)|Mountain passes of the Alps|Mountain passes of Vorarlberg|Mountain ranges of Vorarlberg|Greywacke zone|Verwall Alps |
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