“Arthur Oncken Lovejoy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Biography

Lovejoy was born in Berlin, Germany while his father was doing medical research there. Eighteen months later, his mother committed suicide, whereupon his father gave up medicine and became a clergyman. Lovejoy studied philosophy, first at the University of California at Berkeley, then at Harvard^[2] under William James and Josiah Royce. In 1901, he resigned from his first job, at Stanford University, to protest the dismissal of a colleague who had offended a trustee. The President of Harvard then vetoed hiring Lovejoy on the grounds that he was a known troublemaker. Over the subsequent decade, he taught at Washington University, Columbia University, and the University of Missouri. He never married.{{cn|date=December 2016}}

As a professor of philosophy at Johns Hopkins University from 1910 to 1938, Lovejoy founded and long presided over that university's History of Ideas Club, where many prominent and budding intellectual and social historians, as well as literary critics, gathered. In 1940 he founded the Journal of the History of Ideas. Lovejoy insisted that the history of ideas should focus on "unit ideas," single concepts (namely simple concepts sharing an abstract name with other concepts that were to be conceptually distinguished). Abstract nouns like 'pragmatism' 'idealism', 'rationalism' and the like were, in Lovejoy's view, constituted by distinct, analytically separate ideas, which the historian of the genealogy of ideas had to thresh out, and show how the basic unit ideas combine and recombine with each other over time.^[3] The idea has, according to Simo Knuuttila, exercised a greater attraction on literary critics than on philosophers.{{cn|date=December 2016}}

Lovejoy was active in the public arena. He helped found the American Association of University Professors and the Maryland chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union. However, he qualified his belief in civil liberties to exclude what he considered threats to a free system. Thus, at the height of the McCarthy Era (in the February 14, 1952 edition of the Journal of Philosophy) Lovejoy stated that, since it was a "matter of empirical fact" that membership in the Communist Party contributed "to the triumph of a world-wide organization" which was opposed to "freedom of inquiry, of opinion and of teaching," membership in the party constituted grounds for dismissal from academic positions. He also published numerous opinion pieces in the Baltimore press. He died in Baltimore on December 30, 1962.

Scholarship

In the domain of epistemology, Lovejoy is remembered for an influential critique of the pragmatic movement, especially in the essay "The Thirteen Pragmatisms", written in 1908.^[4]

Books

Articles

Miscellany

References

1. ^Simo Knuuttila (ed.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=8B8yBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 Reforging the Great Chain of Being: Studies of the History of Modal Theories,] Springer Science & Business Media, 2013 p.3
2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33983842|title=Dictionary of philosophy and religion: Eastern and Western thought|last=Reese|first=William|date=1996|publisher=Humanities Press|isbn=0391038648|location=Atlantic Highlands, N.J.|oclc=33983842|page=428}}
3. ^Arthur O. Lovejoy, [The Great Chain of Being,] (1936) Harper & Row 1960 pp.5ff.
4. ^"[https://books.google.com/books?id=0ATV5bb3ZsQC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=Arthur+Lovejoy+%22Thirteen+Pragmatisms%22&source=bl&ots=y5fb_zAjG_&sig=yTplB16a_MPxBvqvJPvEPanm8AA&hl=en&ei=9g5dSpCLBYvysgOW7ZCvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 The Thirteen Pragmatisms], The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, nowThe Journal of Philosophy, Part I, 2 January 1908 p. 5-12. Part II, 16 January 1908, p. 29-39
5. ^William F. Bynum: "The Great Chain of Being after Forty Years: An Appraisal", History of Science 13 (1975): 1-28