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词条 Avant-garde metal
释义

  1. Characteristics

  2. History

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

  6. External links

{{redirect|Experimental metal|experimental equipment|Prototype}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}{{Infobox music genre
|name = Avant-garde metal
|bgcolor = #BB0022
|color = white
|other_names = {{hlist|Experimental metal|avant-metal}}
|stylistic_origins =
  • Heavy metal
  • avant-garde
  • experimental
  • extreme metal
  • progressive rock

|cultural_origins = Mid-1980s, {{hlist|Scandinavia|Switzerland|Japan|United States}}
|instruments = {{hlist|Electric guitar|vocals|bass guitar|drums|electronic|string instruments|wind instruments}}
|popularity =
|regional_scenes =
  • Norway
  • United States

|local_scenes =
  • Boston
  • Los Angeles
  • Oslo
  • {{nowrap|San Francisco Bay Area}}
  • Seattle
  • Tokyo

|derivatives =
|subgenrelist =
|subgenres =
  • Drone metal
  • post-metal

|other_topics =
  • Artists
  • alternative metal
  • industrial metal
  • mathcore
  • neoclassical metal
  • progressive metal

}}

Avant-garde metal (or experimental metal) is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and innovative, avant-garde elements, including non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. Avant-garde metal is influenced by progressive rock and extreme metal, particularly death metal, and is closely related to progressive metal. Some local scenes include Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and Seattle in the United States, Oslo in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan.

Characteristics

"Avant-garde metal" is interchangeable with "experimental metal"[1] and "avant-metal",{{cn|date=December 2016}} and may also refer to a separate genre of "atmospheric metal" or "post-metal", which was named in reference to post-rock.[2] Avant-garde metal is related to progressive metal, but avant-garde metal often has more experimentation, while progressive metal usually has a tighter focus on traditional metal instrumentation and higher levels of technical complexity.[3] Avant-garde metal also uses unusual sounds, breaks conventions, and often includes new elements. The lyrics and visual presentation of the genre are eclectic as well.[3] According to Jeff Wagner in Mean Deviation, electronic percussion and drum machines see widespread use by avant-garde metal bands, along with female vocals and operatic elements, all of which he attributes to the influence of the band Celtic Frost.[4] The Canadian group Voivod also influenced future bands in the genre, pioneering technique such as robotic vocal effects, unusual time signatures, and fractured, dissonant, unorthodox guitar sounds.[4]

History

According to Ian Christe, avant-garde metal emerged from death metal as a number of musicians "abandoned the tightly wound structure of the music and experimented with abstractions of its founding elements".[5] Progressive rock has also been cited as an influence.[6] Some early examples are the King Crimson releases Larks' Tongues in Aspic and Red in 1973 and 1974 respectively,[7][8] with the latter album's title track defining an "avant-metal style" that Robert Fripp would revisit years later.[8] Another early example is the 1976 Led Zeppelin album Presence.[9] Pioneers of avant-garde metal include Celtic Frost,[10] Gorguts, Boris,[14] Earth,[11] Helmet,[12] Mayhem,[13] maudlin of the Well,[14] Neurosis,[15] Sunn O))),[16] Mr. Bungle,[17] Today is the Day, and Voivod.[10] In the late 1990s, Misanthropy Records emerged as a promoter of Norwegian avant-garde metal until it folded in 2000,[18] and, according to Jeff Wagner, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, a so-called "new wave of avant-garde metal" was spearheaded by The End Records.[18] Wagner states that "with the support of [Misanthropy and The End Records] and other specialty labels, metal's new avant-garde had arrived."[18] Some other record labels which promote avant-garde metal are Aurora Borealis,[19] The Flenser,[20] Holy Records,[21] Hydra Head Records,[22] Ipecac Recordings,[23] Napalm Records,[24] the Release Entertainment imprint of Relapse Records,[25] Seventh Rule Recordings,[26] and Southern Lord Records.[27] In the United States, local avant-garde metal scenes have emerged in the San Francisco Bay Area with bands such as Giant Squid, Grayceon, and Ludicra,[28] in Boston, with bands such as Isis, Kayo Dot, and maudlin of the Well, and in Seattle.[29] According to The New York Times, some regional scenes that developed in the mid-1990s included the cities of Tokyo, Los Angeles, and Oslo.[30]

See also

  • List of avant-garde metal artists
  • Category:Avant-garde metal albums

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/a/101_history.htm|title=What Is Heavy Metal?|first=|date=|website=|publisher=About.com|author=Bowar, Chad|accessdate=November 29, 2016}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Buts|first=Jeroen|title=The Thematical and Stylistic Evolution of Heavy Metal Lyrics and Imagery from the 70s to Present Day|url=http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/414/985/RUG01-001414985_2010_0001_AC.pdf|page=81|chapter=5.1}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=Freeborn |first=Robert |title=A Selective Discography of Scandinavian Heavy Metal Music |url=https://www.areditions.com/journals/notes/66.4Tear/Sound/09_SndRecRevs_pp840-850.pdf |work=Sound Recording Reviews |page=842 |date=June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331041210/https://www.areditions.com/journals/notes/66.4Tear/Sound/09_SndRecRevs_pp840-850.pdf |archivedate=31 March 2012 |df=dmy }}
4. ^Wagner 2010, pg. 124.
5. ^Christe, Ian (2004). The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal. Harper Paperbacks. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eWRv3E59V0YC&pg=PA253&dq=%22avant+garde+metal%22&hl=en&ei=9zc9TsaBBMj40gGUt4XSAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22avant%20garde%20metal%22&f=false 253]. {{ISBN|0380811278}}. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
6. ^{{cite book|title=Songwriting for Dummies|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=0470615141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v868l_IRu8QC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|edition=2nd|author=Peterik, Jim|author-link=Jim Peterik|author2=Austin, Dave|author3=Austin, Cathy|author4=Lynn, Cathy|last-author-amp=yes|accessdate=22 March 2012|page=37|date=2 August 2010}}
7. ^{{cite web|last=Fricke|first=David|title=Alternate Take: King Crimson's Royal Remix Treatment|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/alternate-take-king-crimsons-royal-remix-treatment-20100329|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Jann Wenner|accessdate=27 April 2012|date=29 March 2010|quote=...later turned up on the 1973 avant-metal killer Larks' Tongues in Aspic.}}
8. ^{{cite book|title=The Mojo Collection|publisher=Canongate Books|isbn=184767643X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVQbF9lTBwgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Mojo|authorlink=Mojo (magazine)|edition=4th|accessdate=27 April 2012|page=337|chapter=4|date=1 November 2007}}
9. ^{{cite web|last=Fricke|first=David|title=Aenima|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/aenima-19961205|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Jann Wenner|accessdate=27 April 2012|date=5 December 1996|quote=Still, the best parts of Ænima come when Tool just let the music rip and dip with the broiling, avant-metal ferocity of Led Zeppelin's Presence.}}
10. ^Wagner 2010, pg. 109, 117.
11. ^{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Johnson |title=Album of the Week |url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/wp/2012/03/01/music-reviews-71/ |work=Montreal Mirror |publisher=Quebecor |accessdate=22 March 2012 |date=1 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404151554/http://www.montrealmirror.com/wp/2012/03/01/music-reviews-71/ |archivedate=4 April 2012 |df=dmy }}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Senft|first=Michael|title=Warped Tour a hit in new digs|url=http://www.azcentral.com/ent/music/articles/0706warpedrevu0705.html|work=The Arizona Republic|publisher=Gannett Company|accessdate=28 March 2012|date=6 July 2006|quote=Early arrivals were able to see experimental metal pioneers Helmet as well as retro punks the Casualties.}}
13. ^Wagner 2010, pg. 252.
14. ^Wagner 2010, pg. 308.
15. ^{{cite web|last=Guyre|first=Jen|title=Exclusive: Neurosis Q&A|url=http://blog.rhapsody.com/2008/02/exclusive-neurosis-qa.html|work=Rhapsody|accessdate=30 March 2012|date=8 February 2008}}
16. ^{{cite web|last=Yuan|first=Henry|title=Sunn O))) to Curate Roadburn Festival 2011|url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/sunn-o-to-curate-roadburn-festival-2011.html|work=Revolver|publisher=Future US|accessdate=7 August 2011|date=17 April 2010|quote=Their metal-based drone experiments have proved groundbreaking and hugely influential for an entire new generation of musicians practicing the art of avant-garde metal, drone, post rock and psychedelia.}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.houstonpress.com/music/faith-no-more-is-backcould-mr-bungle-be-next-7623675|title = Faith No More is Back...Could Mr. Bungle Be Next?|date = 28 July 2015|accessdate = 10 October 2015|website = Houston Press|publisher = Voice Media Group|last = Deiterman|first = Corey}}
18. ^Wagner 2010, pg. 124, 301-302.
19. ^{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Richard|title=The Haxan Cloak|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-haxan-cloak-mn0002687709|work=Allmusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|accessdate=19 June 2013|quote=Distributed by experimental metal label Aurora Borealis, the release earned Krlic a recording deal with the London-based company.}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=THE FLENSER to Release Debut from Animate Metal Sorcerers SEIDR|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=152931|work=Blabbermouth.net|publisher=Roadrunner Records|accessdate=28 March 2012|date=27 January 2011}}
21. ^Wagner 2010, pg. 344.
22. ^{{cite web|last=Brown|first=August|title=In a digital age, vinyl's making a comeback|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/apr/26/entertainment/et-vinyl26|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Tribune Company|accessdate=28 March 2012|page=2|date=26 August 2009|quote=...said co-owner Mark Thompson, who also co-founded and runs the experimental-metal label Hydra Head Records.}}
23. ^{{cite web|last=Ruggiero|first=Bob|title=Unsane|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/2007-06-14/music/unsane/full/|work=Houston Press|publisher=Voice Media Group|accessdate=19 June 2013|date=14 June 2007}}
24. ^{{cite web|last=Palmerston|first=Sean|title=Draconian Where Lovers Mourn|url=http://exclaim.ca/Reviews/Metal/draconian-where_lovers_mourn|work=Exclaim!|publisher=Ian Danzig|accessdate=27 March 2012|date=December 2003}}
25. ^{{cite journal|last=Reesman|first=Brian|title=Hard Music Billboard Spotlight: Indies vs. Majors: Surviving in a Nu-Metal World|journal=Billboard|date=1 December 2001|volume=113|issue=48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRIEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=27 April 2012|page=23|publisher=Nielsen Business Media|issn=0006-2510}}
26. ^{{cite web|last=Bowar|first=Chad|title=5 Questions with Wizard Rifle|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/b/2012/02/26/5-questions-with-wizard-rifle.htm|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=19 June 2013|quote=We'd like to give a shout out to Seventh Rule and the striking, experimental metal acts coming from this label}}
27. ^{{cite journal|last=Martens|first=Todd|date=6 January 2007|year=|title=Indies on the Verge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBIEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|journal=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media|volume=119|issue=1|page=27|pages=|issn=0006-2510|via=|accessdate=November 29, 2016}}
28. ^{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Chris|title=Rehab of a strung-out musical scene|url=http://www.sanfranmag.com/story/rehab-of-a-strung-out-musical-scene|publisher=San Francisco Magazine|accessdate=7 August 2011|date=July 2011|postscript= }}; {{cite web|last=Smith|first=Chris|title=Our avant-garde metal scene|url=http://www.ca-smith.net/blog/2011/07/our-avant-garde-metal-scene/|publisher=ca-smith.net|accessdate=7 August 2011|date=6 July 2011}}
29. ^{{cite web|last=Maerz|first=Jennifer|title=Metal Magicians|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/metal-magicians/Content?oid=16629&show=comments|work=The Stranger|publisher=Index Newspapers|accessdate=19 June 2013|date=18–24 December 2003}}
30. ^{{cite web|last=Wray|first=John|title=Heady Metal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/28/magazine/28artmetal.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all|work=New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=28 March 2012|date=28 May 2006}}

References

  • Wagner, Jeff (2010). Mean Deviation. Bazillion Points Books. {{ISBN|0979616336}}.

External links

  • Avantgarde-Metal.com – website for avant-garde metal
{{Heavy metal music}}{{Extreme metal}}{{Experimental music genres}}{{Avant-garde}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Avant-Garde Metal}}

6 : Avant-garde metal|Heavy metal genres|Experimental music genres|Extreme metal|Norwegian styles of music|Avant-garde music

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