“Bankstown”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bankstown is a suburb of south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 16 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is located in the local government area of Canterbury-Bankstown Council, having previously been the administrive centre of the City of Bankstown prior to 2016.

History

Prior to European settlement, Cumberland Plains Woodland occupied much of the area. Turpentine ironbark forest covered much of what is now Bankstown. The land was occupied by the Bediagal people. Their land bordered the Dharawal and the Darung people. The Aboriginal inhabitants strongly opposed the European settlers. The resistance ceased after a number of their leaders were killed or imprisoned in 1816. In that year an epidemic broke out amongst the native people which reduced the Aboriginal populations, this also contributed to the end of their resistance.^[2]

In 1795, Matthew Flinders and George Bass explored up the Georges River for about 20 miles beyond what had been previously surveyed, and reported favourably to Governor Hunter of the land on its banks.^[3] Hunter examined the country himself, and established one of the pioneer colonies there, called Bank's Town, today written as one word Bankstown.^[4] Hunter named the area Bankstown after Sir Joseph Banks, who travelled to Australia with Captain James Cook in 1770. The area of first European settlement along the river has been partially preserved as part of the Mirambeena Regional Park.

The first town hall and Council Chambers were built in 1898 {{citation needed|date=December 2016}} on the northern side of the Hume Highway (Liverpool Road), near Rookwood Road (site of the Three Swallows Hotel). The council chambers were relocated to a new building in South Terrace (now Old Town Centre Plaza) in June 1918. The building still stands and now has a shopping arcade running through it. In 1826, bush rangers were hanged on the site of the water tower Bankstown Reservoir.^[5]

World War II

In 1939, local residents were made privy to the events of World War II. Conscripted residents were required to report for duty at a drill hall on Canterbury Road, Belmore. Camps were set up in and around Canterbury Racecourse and local parks in the district. Residents with foreign names were sent to internment camps as there was growing suspicion about residents with foreign names. A portion of these folk were Australian citizens who served with the Australian armed forces during World War I.^[6]{{rp|pages=14-16}}

During World War II, Bankstown Airport was established as a key strategic air base to support the war effort. After the arrival of Douglas MacArthur in Australia, control of Bankstown Airport was handed to US Forces, becoming home to US 35th Fighter Squadron and the 41st Pursuit Squadron of the United States Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces who occupied the airport from 1942 to 1944. In 1945 operations became the responsibility of the British Fleet Air Arm, known as HMS Nabberley,^[7] until 1946, when it was handed back to the RAAF.^[8]^[9]

During this period an RAAF unit known as No. 1 Fighter Sector RAAF took control of the Capital Hall in Bankstown. This unit was formed in Bankstown, on 25 February 1942. Their living quarters were located next door and down the road from the hall & the staff were housed in galvanised iron barracks. Operations were handed over to the United States Army Air Corps on 10 April 1942 before they were transferred to a disused railway tunnel at St James railway station in Sydney. The unit was renamed, Air Defence Headquarters Sydney (ADHQ) on 21 January 1945 and moved into a three-storey semi-underground purpose built operations and plotting facility at Bankstown, known as the Bankstown Bunker.^[10]

World War II began Bankstown's industrial revolution. Few factories or industry of any consequence were located in Bankstown prior to 1945, this was changed dramatically between 1942 and 1954, especially when the Department of Aircraft Production gave approval for aircraft manufacturer Hawker De Havilland, to operate a factory at the airport for the production and manufacture of de Havilland Mosquito bombers. There are now over seven-thousand businesses operating within the Bankstown district.^[2]

Bankstown Bunker

The Bankstown Bunker is a disused RAAF operations facility, located on the corner of Marion and Edgar Street, Bankstown. The specially constructed bunker became an important Royal Australian Air Force headquarters from 1945 until its closure in 1947.^[6]{{rp|page=13}}

The Bankstown Bunker is of similar design to the underground Ops rooms of wartime England, which directed Britain's air defence fighter plane attacks on the invading German Luftwaffe. Entrance to the bunker was obtained through a concrete passageway which was well screened by a grassy slope, a stairway led to a maze of corridors and hallways leading to various sections.^[11]

The Bankstown bunker is currently buried under a public park, surrounded by residential dwellings at the northern end of Taylor Street.^[13]^[14]

Post World War II

Bankstown's population increased dramatically after World War II by people relocating from the inner-city areas and incoming migrants, mainly from Europe and towards the end of the 20th century from Asia, Middle East (especially Vietnamese and Lebanese^[15]) and the rest of the world.

Bankstown Council relocated to its third premises in 1963 when the Civic Centre that is located on the corner of Chapel Road and The Mall was constructed. It included the Council Chambers or 'Roundhouse', as it's called and is still in use today as an administration building. The current town hall was built in 1973. The administration building was destroyed by fire on 1 July 1997. Council offices relocated to Bankstown Civic Tower (the blue tower) in 1999 and on 13 June 2000 Bankstown's now popular Central Park, where the former administration building once stood, was officially declared Paul Keating Park.^[6]{{rp|page=13}}

Heritage

Climate

Bankstown has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa). Similarly to most of Western Sydney, it features warm to hot summers and mild winters. The average summer temperature range is from 17.6 °C (63.7 °F) to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F), although hot north-westerly winds can cause temperatures to rise up to +40 °C (104 °F). On average, Bankstown sees 8.8 days per year where the temperature rises above 35 °C (95 °F),^[17] as opposed to only 3.0 days for Sydney Observatory Hill.,^[18] The average winter temperature range is from 5.9 °C (42.6 °F) to 18.0 °C (64.4 °F). On average, 1 night per year sees a minimum temperature drop below freezing (0 °C). {{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}

The highest temperature recorded at Bankstown was 46.1 °C (115.0 °F) on 18 January 2013, and the lowest temperature recorded was -4.0 °C (24.8 °F) on 26 July 1968. Bankstown's annual mean rainfall is 869.0mm, slightly less than the Sydney CBD, which is affected more by coastal showers which do not penetrate very far inland.

Commercial area

Bankstown's central business district is clustered around Bankstown railway station. The commercial area beside the railway station is known as Bankstown Plaza, while the ethnic diversity of the area has created a host of restaurants, eateries and cafes.

Bankstown Central Shopping Centre, formerly known as Centro Bankstown and previously known as Bankstown Square, is a large shopping centre, immediately to the northeast of the railway Station. It was first opened in 1966 and has been expanded a number of times.

The Bankstown Central Library^[20] has been serving Bankstown on its present site in The Mall since 1954. Eight years earlier in 1946, Bankstown became the first municipality to adopt the Library Act of 1939 by opening a Children's Library, located at Restwell Street. The Bankstown Central Library was demolished in 1981 to make way for a current facility which opened in 1983. {{Citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Bankstown is the seat of major industry including the aviation, engineering and maintenance at Bankstown Airport. Other employers include small industrial operations, the public service and the retail industry. The suburb is affected with unusually high unemployment and is subject to a dedicated income management program specifically targeting the problem.^[21]

Transport

Bankstown railway station is on the Bankstown line of the Sydney Trains network. The rail line was built to Belmore in 1895 and then extended to Bankstown in 1909. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1928, the line was extended westwards from Bankstown to join the Main Suburban railway at Lidcombe and the Main South line to Liverpool. Bankstown is a major bus interchange for a number of bus services.

The Sydney Metropolitan Airport, more commonly known as Bankstown Airport, was established in 1940 and is constructed on 313 hectares. It has three runways, an extensive taxiway and includes a large business park containing over 170 businesses.

Schools

In 1862, the Church of England School was first opened and was commissioned as a public school in 1867. {{Cn|date=August 2017}} Bankstown's first public school was built where McLeod Reserve is currently situated in 1880. In 1882 49 boys and 36 girls were enrolled, and upkeep expenses totalled 219 pounds, eight shillings and 11 pence. The school's first headmaster was Dugald McLeod who taught at the school since its opening until 1912. The site of the well used by Bankstown Public School is today commemorated by a plaque. The school was demolished in 1924 due to the development of North Bankstown School in the same year.^[22] The current Bankstown Public School, located in Restwell Street Central Bankstown, opened in 1915. It recently celebrated its centenary (1915-2015). Since then Bankstown has seen the development of several different educational facilities, such as, Al Amanah College, Bankstown Senior College (formerly Bankstown Boys High School 1963-1991), Bankstown Girls High School, Georges River Grammar School, LaSalle Catholic College and St Euphemia College. Tertiary institutions located in the suburb include TAFE Bankstown and University of Western Sydney, Bankstown Campus.

Parks

Major parks within Bankstown include McLeod Reserve, Bankstown Oval, Paul Keating Park and Bankstown City Gardens.

'Bankstown City Gardens' were opened to the public in 1973. These gardens consist of many unusual types of flora found in Bankstown and the surrounding area. The park consist of different areas, native, tropical, rose garden and Perennial.^[23]

'Paul Keating Park' was built on the site of Bankstown Council's former administration building, after it was destroyed by fire on 1 July 1997.

Population

Demographics

Bankstown has one of the most ethnically diverse communities in Australia. Bankstown is considered as one of the most multicultural areas in the country with over 60 different languages spoken by the people of this suburb.

In the {{CensusAU|2016}}, Bankstown recorded a population of 32,113 people: of 50.7% female and 49.3% male.

The median age of the Bankstown population was 32 years, 6 years below the national median of 38.

37.1% of people living in Bankstown were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were Vietnam 14.1%, Lebanon 6.2%, China 5.3%, Pakistan 3.1% and Bangladesh 2.1%.

17.7% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 21.1% Arabic, 19.0% Vietnamese, 4.9% Mandarin, Urdu 4.0% and Cantonese (3.6%)

The religious make up of Bankstown is 28.9% Islam, 17.7% Catholic, 12.9% No Religion, 11.1% Buddhism. Christianity is the largest group overall, at 37.9%.^[1]

Notable residents

Gallery

References

1. ^¹{{Census 2016 AUS | id = SSC10180| name =Bankstown (State Suburb) | quick = on | accessdate = 28 June 2017}}
2. ^¹About Bankstown Council {{webarchive |url=https://archive.is/20070829214231/http://www.bankstown.nsw.gov.au/coun/about/yesterday.cfm |date=29 August 2007 }}
3. ^{{gutenberg|bullet=none|no=12929|name=A Voyage to Terra Australis by Matthew Flinders}}
4. ^{{gutenberg|bullet=none|no=7304|name=The Life of Captain Matthew Flinders, by Ernest Scott}}
5. ^{{cite book |first=Sue |last=Rosen |year=1996 |title=Bankstown, a Sense of Identity |publisher= |accessdate= |isbn= |page= |editor= }}
6. ^¹²{{cite book |last=Maltby |first=Kathy |author2 =Rosen, Sue |title=From Settlement to City: Bankstown: Sense of Identity |publisher=Bankstown City Council |location=Bankstown }}
7. ^Index of Fleet Air Arm Air Stations in the Commonwealth 1939–1945. Fleetairarmarchive.net. Retrieved on 16 July 2013.
8. ^You will have to do you own record search for this info (Type in Stacey Street for the key words. For the date type in 1940–1950 and press enter)
9. ^A Pictorial History of Canterbury Bankstown. by Joan Lawrence, Brian Madden and Les Muir, Page 89,(Alexandria: Kingsclear Books 1999. Printed by Australian Print Group.) Retrieved on 13 August 2007.
10. ^No. 1 Fighter Sector Headquarters RAAF, later known as No. 101 Fighter Control Unit RAAF
11. ^(information supplied by R. Eyers VAOC worker)
12. ^{{Cite book |url=http://www.bunkerboyz.org/bankbunk2.htm |title=Teenagers raid bunker |publisher=BunkerBoyz.org}}
13. ^{{cite news |first=Alen |last=Veitch |authorlink= |title=The Bankstown Bunker |url= |work= |publisher=Australian Post |date=24 June 1971 |accessdate= }}
14. ^Images of the Bankstown Bunker located in Condell Park. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916162916/http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/ozatwar/bankstownbunker.htm |date=16 September 2006 }}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/south-west/from-the-irish-and-english-in-the-late-18th-century-to-lebanese-and-vietnamese-in-recent-years--bankstown-has-always-been-a-hub-for-migrants/news-story/bc171224ec5a3475f07c53b3659fee00 |title=From the Irish and English in the late 18th century, to Lebanese and Vietnamese in recent years - Bankstown has always been a hub for migrants |work=Daily Telegraph |location=Australia |date=20 October 2015 |accessdate=18 February 2019 |author=Beech, James }}
16. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5051417|Bankstown Reservoir (Elevated)|hr=01316|fn=EF14/4351; 10/2287; H04/326|accessdate=18 May 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066137_All.shtml | title = Climate statistics for Bankstown Airport | publisher= Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=21 Feb 2015 }}
18. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml | title = Climate statistics for Sydney Observatory Hill | publisher= Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=21 Feb 2015 }}
19. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066137_All.shtml | title = Climate statistics for Bankstown Airport | publisher= Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=13 April 2013 }}
20. ^ {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090519000443/http://www.bankstown.nsw.gov.au/Library/default.aspx |date=19 May 2009 }}
21. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327175407/http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/families/progserv/welfarereform/Pages/income_mgt_bankstown.aspx |date=27 March 2012 }}
22. ^File:First public school in bankstown sign.jpg – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved on 16 July 2013.
23. ^File:2007 0808klklk0001.JPG – Wikimedia Commons. Commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved on 16 July 2013.