| 词条 | Battle of Decatur |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of Decatur |image= |caption= |partof=the American Civil War |date= {{start-date|October 26, 1864|October 26}}{{end-date|October 29, 1864|–29, 1864}} |place=Decatur, Alabama Morgan County |result=Union victory |combatant1= {{flagicon|USA|1863}} United States (Union) |combatant2= {{flagicon|CSA|1863}} CSA (Confederacy) |commander1=Robert S. Granger |commander2=John B. Hood |strength1=3,000–5,000[1] |strength2=39,000[2] |casualties1=155[3] |casualties2=450 }}{{Campaignbox Franklin-Nashville Campaign}} The Battle of Decatur was a demonstration conducted from October 26 to October 29, 1864, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. Union forces of 3–5,000 men under Brig. Gen. Robert S. Granger prevented the 39,000 men of the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. John B. Hood from crossing the Tennessee River at Decatur, Alabama. BackgroundJohn Bell Hood was marching through northern Alabama on his way to an invasion of Union-held Tennessee. His army had departed northwest from the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia, in late September 1864, hoping their destruction of Union supply lines would lure Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's Union army into battle. Sherman pursued Hood as far as Gaylesville, Alabama, but decided to return his army to Atlanta and instead conduct a March to the Sea through Georgia. He gave responsibility for the defense of Tennessee to Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas at Nashville.[4] Hood departed from Gadsden, Alabama, on October 22, en route to Guntersville, Alabama, where he planned to cross the Tennessee River. However, he later learned from cavalry Brigadier General Phillip Roddey that crossing place was strongly guarded, while Decatur, forty miles west, was said to be "lightly guarded". Concerned over the possibility of Federal gunboats destroying any pontoon bridge he might deploy, along with the absence of Nathan Bedford Forrest's horsemen to bring him intelligence, Hood changed his course to Decatur.[5] BattleWhen Hood arrived at Decatur on October 26, he found a Federal infantry force of 3,000 to 5,000 men defending an entrenched line that included two forts and 1,600 yards of rifle pits; a much heavier force than Roddey had believed. Two Federal gunboats patrolled the river. On October 27, Hood arranged his army as it arrived to encircle Decatur. The next morning, he sent Confederate skirmishers through a dense fog to a ravine within 800 yards of the main fortifications. At about noon, a Federal regiment drove the skirmishers out of the ravine, capturing 125 men. "With the soldiers hungry and supplies scarce", Hood knew he could not afford the casualties from a full-scale assault and decided to cross the Tennessee River elsewhere. He marched further the west and crossed near Tuscumbia, Alabama, where Muscle Shoals prevented interference by the Federal gunboats.[6] Notes1. ^Sword, p. 64, cites 3,000; Kennedy, p. 392, cites 5,000. 2. ^Eicher, p. 769. 3. ^Kennedy, p. 392. 4. ^Eicher, p. 770. 5. ^Stephan M. Hood, pp. 92–93; Kennedy, p. 392; Sword, p. 64. 6. ^Stephan M. Hood, pp. 93–94; Jacobson, p. 43; Sword, pp. 64–65. References
Further reading
External links
|title=Decatur reliving Civil War today |publisher=The Decatur Daily |author=Deangelo McDaniel |date=September 5, 2009 |url=http://www.decaturdaily.com/detail/42495.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130121170152/http://www.decaturdaily.com/detail/42495.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 21, 2013 |accessdate=2009-09-05 }}{{coord|34.614|-86.986|region:US_type:event_scale:10000|display=title}}{{Alabama in the Civil War}} 11 : 1864 in Alabama|Franklin–Nashville Campaign|Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War|Union victories of the American Civil War|Battles of the American Civil War in Alabama|Morgan County, Alabama|Limestone County, Alabama|Decatur, Alabama|Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area|Conflicts in 1864|October 1864 events |
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