| 词条 | Bec Abbey | |
| 释义 |
Like all abbeys, Bec maintained annals of the house but uniquely its first abbots also received individual biographies, brought together by the monk of Bec, Milo Crispin. Because of the abbey's cross-Channel influence, these hagiographic lives sometimes disclose historical information of more than local importance. {{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy}}Name"Bec" is the name of the stream running through the abbey, Old Norse bekkr, in English place or river names Beck.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} First foundationThe abbey was founded in 1034 by Saint Herluin,{{refn|group=n|Not to be confused with Herluin, father of Odo of Bayeux and Robert of Mortain}} whose life was written by Gilbert Crispin, Abbot of Westminster, formerly of Bec, and collated with three other lives by Milo Crispin. Abbey construction began in 1034 and continued through 1035. Further lands were added through 1040.[2] Saint Herluin was a Norman knight who in about 1031 left the court of Gilbert, Count of Brionne, to devote himself to a life of religion: the commune of Le Bec Hellouin preserves his name. One hundred thirty-six monks made their profession while Herluin was in charge.[3] With the arrival of Lanfranc of Pavia, Bec became a focus of 11th century intellectual life. Lanfranc, who was already famous for his lectures at Avranches, came to teach as prior and master of the monastic school, but left in 1062, to become abbot of St. Stephen's Abbey, Caen, and later Archbishop of Canterbury. He was followed as abbot by Anselm, also later an Archbishop of Canterbury, as was the fifth abbot, Theobald of Bec. Many distinguished ecclesiastics, probably including the future Pope Alexander II and Saint Ivo of Chartres, were educated in the school at Bec. The life of the founder (Vita Herluini) was written by Gilbert Crispin. Archbishop Lanfranc also wrote a Chronicon Beccense of the life of Herlui. Milo Crispin's biography of the first four abbots was published at Paris in 1648.[4] The followers of William the Conqueror supported the abbey, enriching it with extensive properties in England. Bec also owned and managed St Neots Priory as well as a number of other British foundations, including Goldcliff Priory in Monmouthshire founded in 1113 by Robert de Chandos. The village of Tooting Bec, now a London suburb, is so named because the abbey owned the land. Bec Abbey was the original burial place of the Empress Matilda, whose bones were later transferred to Rouen Cathedral. Bec Abbey was damaged during the Wars of Religion and left a ruin in the French Revolution but the 15th-century St. Nicholas Tower ({{lang|fr|Tour Saint-Nicolas}}) from the medieval monastery is still standing.[5] {{clear}}Second foundationIn 1948 the site was re-settled as the Abbaye de Notre-Dame du Bec by Olivetan monks led by Dom Grammont, who effected some restorations. The abbey is known for its links with Anglicanism and has been visited by successive archbishops of Canterbury. The abbey library contains the John Graham Bishop deposit of 5,000 works concerning Anglicanism. Today the Abbey is probably best known for the pottery the monks produce. List of abbotsThe following is a list of the abbots:[6][7] {{colbegin}}
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See also{{Portal|Catholicism|Normandy}}
Notes1. ^C. Warren Hollister, Henry I (Yale English Monarchs) 2001:16. 2. ^Vaughn. Anselm of Bec and Robert Meulan: the Innocence of Doves and the Wisdom of the Serpent, p. 21. 3. ^Adolphe-André Porée, Histoire de l'abbaye du Bec, Vol. 1, p. 131, note 1 & Appendix no 1. 4. ^1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023013414/http://www.obrasraras.usp.br/obras/001154/ |date=2005-10-23 }}. 5. ^1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051119054049/http://www.oginet.com/Chronicles/bec.htm |date=2005-11-19 }}. 6. ^{{cite book |last=Porée |first=Adolphe-André |authorlink=Adolphe-André Porée |year=1901 |language=French |title=Histoire de l'abbaye du Bec |url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelabba00unkngoog |location=Évreux |publisher=Imprimerie de Charles Hérissey |isbn= |page= |pages= }} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Bourget |first=Dom. John |authorlink= |year=1779 |title=The History of the Royal Abbey of Bec |url=https://archive.org/details/historyroyalabb00bourgoog |location=London |publisher=J. Nichols |isbn= |pages=135–137}} ReferencesCitations{{reflist|20em}}Bibliography
External links{{commons category|Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec}}
}}{{coord|49.2288|0.7220|type:landmark_region:FR|display=title}}{{Authority control}} 6 : Benedictine monasteries in France|1034 establishments in Europe|1030s establishments in France|Buildings and structures in Eure|Christian monasteries established in the 11th century|Churches in Eure |
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