| 词条 | Winged Victory (statue) |
| 释义 |
| name = Winged Victory | native_name = | image = File:Winged_Victory_(Olympia,_United_States).jpg | caption = Winged Victory pictured in 2017 | location = Olympia, Washington, United States | designer = Alonzo Victor Lewis | type = statue | material = bronze on a granite base | length = | width = | height = {{convert|22|foot|adj=off}} (from base to tallest figure)[1] | begin = | complete = 1938 | open = | restore = 2012 | dismantled = | dedicated_to = World War I casualties from Washington state | map_name = Washington | map_text = | map_width = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|47.036450|-122.903299}} | website = [https://des.wa.gov/services/facilities-leasing/capitol-campus/memorials-and-artwork/winged-victory-monument Official page at the Washington Department of Enterprise Services] | extra = }} Winged Victory is a World War I memorial in the United States state of Washington which consists of four figures of uniformed persons atop a granite pedestal eclipsed by a fifth figure depicting the Winged Victory of Samothrace. Winged Victory is located in front of the Insurance Building and adjacent to the Washington State Capitol in Olympia, Washington. Completed in 1938 by Alonzo Victor Lewis, it is dedicated to military personnel from Washington who died in World War I and is notable for its inclusion of a Red Cross nurse in the group of figures depicted. HistoryBackgroundIn March 1917, anticipating the United States declaration of war on Germany that would come the following month, Governor of Washington Ernest Lister ordered the mobilization of the Washington National Guard, whose units had only recently returned from service in California during the Mexican border emergency.[1] On August 5 of that year the 2nd Washington Infantry Regiment was pressed into federal service, later joined by the 146th Field Artillery.[1] During the year-and-a-half in which the U.S. was engaged in hostilities, a total of 60,617 Washington men served in deployed National Guard units, or in the United States Army, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, or United States Coast Guard.[1] During the conflict 1,642 were killed or died of disease.[1] Funding and constructionIn 1919, following the conclusion of hostilities, Lister called for the erection of a monument to the citizens of Washington who were killed during the war.[1][7] The Washington State Legislature subsequently appropriated $50,000 for its design and construction, with funds partly raised through the sale of a state forest.[8] The balance of the $100,000 cost of the monument was provided in grants from the United States government.[2][3] Seattle artist Alonzo Victor Lewis, who already had a popular reputation in the state, was commissioned for the sculpture.[2] His plans for it were approved in 1927 and the statue was completed in 1938.[2] It was formally dedicated in a ceremony held on May 30, 1938, and it was unveiled by the mothers of two Washington soldiers who had been killed in action.[2] Stephen Chadwick, then chairman of the American Legion's Americanism Committee and later National Commander of the American Legion delivered the ceremonial charge.[4] Later historyFollowing the completion of Winged Victory, which was Alonzo Victor Lewis' third World War I memorial statue, he was named the state's Sculptor Laureate.[2][5] The statue was sandblasted in 1979 to remove staining on its surface.[2] In 1988 the sculpture was painted with a coating of brass powder in an acrylic base, giving it a golden hue.[2][6] This layer was removed in 2012 and the statue was restored to its original bronze color.[6] Centennial observances of the end of World War I were held at the Winged Victory memorial in 2017, which were keynoted by Lorraine McConaghy.[7] Winged Victory has been called "one of the most recognizable structures" on the campus of the Washington State Capitol.[7]DesignThe bronze statue is elevated on a granite base; it features a Winged Victory from Classical mythology standing, with wings displayed, behind a United States soldier, a sailor, a Marine, and an American Red Cross nurse, all of whom appear to be marching towards the east.[2][3] The Winged Victory motif was a popular theme for World War I monuments of the era, though the inclusion of a Red Cross nurse makes the Olympia statue more complex than most.[8] Each of the four sides of the statue's granite base is inscribed.[2] On the east side, which is inlaid with a bronze representation of the Seal of the State of Washington, the inscription reads: {{quote|TO THE MEMORY OF THE CITIZENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON WHO LOST THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES DURING THE WORLD WAR 1917–1918}}On the north side is a Biblical quotation from John 15, verse 13: {{quote|GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN THAN THIS, THAT A MAN LAY DOWN HIS LIFE FOR HIS FRIEND}}On the west side: {{quote|THEIR SACRIFICE WAS TO VINDICATE THE PRINCIPLES OF PEACE AND JUSTICE IN THE LIFE OF THE WORLD}}On the south side: {{quote|THEY FOUGHT TO SAFEGUARD AND TRANSMIT TO POSTERITY THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE, FREEDOM, AND DEMOCRACY}}Related memorialsWorld War I-related memorials in WashingtonAmerican Doughboy Bringing Home Victory — another World War I monument by Alonzo Victor Lewis – was completed in 1932; since 1998 it has stood at the Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park.[9] The city of Centralia also erected a monument to four veterans of World War I who died leading citizens of that town in an extrajudicial attack on the local chapter lodge of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) during Armistice Day festivities in 1919.[1][10] Later, a memorial mural was installed to a fifth war veteran, Wesley Everest, an IWW member who was lynched during the attack.[1][10]Winged Victory in monumentsA number of other war and other memorials incorporate a Winged Victory motif including at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and in Aberystwyth, Wales.[11][12][13] The Victoria Memorial in London is notably topped by a gilded bronze Winged Victory.[14] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |last1=Wilma |first1=David |title=World War I in Washington |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/5732 |website=HistoryLink |publisher=History Ink |accessdate=July 9, 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|title=Winged Victory monument|url=http://www.des.wa.gov/services/facilities-leasing/capitol-campus/memorials-and-artwork/winged-victory-monument|website=des.wa.gov|publisher=Washington State Department of Enterprise Services|accessdate=September 23, 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|title=100 years ago: U.S. went to war with Germany|url=http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/spincontrol/2017/apr/06/100-years-ago-us-went-war-germany/|accessdate=September 23, 2017|work=Spokesman-Review|date=April 6, 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/educate/places/maps/247:winged-victory-monument.html|title=Winged Victory Monument|last=|first=|date=|website=worldwar1centennial.org|publisher=United States World War I Centennial Commission|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=September 23, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Poyner|first1=Fred|title=Seattle Public Sculptors: Twelve Makers of Monuments, Memorials and Statuary|date=2017|publisher=McFarland|isbn=1476666504|page=117}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|title=A cleaner Victory|url=http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/spincontrol/2012/may/15/cleaner-victory/|accessdate=September 23, 2017|work=Spokesman-Review|date=May 15, 2012}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Hobbs|first1=Andy|title=100 years later, Washington still feels impact from World War I|url=http://www.theolympian.com/news/local/article146759244.html|accessdate=September 23, 2017|work=The Olympian|date=April 25, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Nici|first1=John|title=Famous Works of Art—And How They Got That Way|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=1442249552|page=69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8J5ZCgAAQBAJ&dq}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=American Doughboy Bringing Home Victory, (sculpture).|url=http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siartinventories&uri=full=3100001~!335945~!0#focus|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=January 27, 2016}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Burrows |first1=Alyssa |title=Four men die in the Centralia Massacre on November 11, 1919. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/5605 |website=HistoryLink |publisher=History Ink |accessdate=July 9, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Chuck |title=Winged Victory |url=http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/archives_victory.htm |website=The History of Metropolitan Vancouver |accessdate=July 9, 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Winged Victory to go to Australian War Memorial |url=https://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/en/council/newsandnotices/media-releases-archive/media-releases-2013/21-november-winged-victory-to-go-to-australian-war-memorial/ |website=Inner West Council |publisher=Marrickville, New South Wales |accessdate=July 9, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Unveiling of Aberystwyth War Memorial |url=https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-unveiling-of-aberystwyth-war-memorial-1923-online |website=BFI Player |publisher=British Film Institute |accessdate=July 9, 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=The Queen Victoria Memorial |url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/st-jamess-park/things-to-see-and-do/monuments-fountains-and-statues/the-queen-victoria-memorial |website=royalparks.org.uk |publisher=Royal Parks |accessdate=July 9, 2018}} 11 : 1938 establishments in Washington (state)|1938 sculptures|Allegorical sculptures in Washington (state)|Bronze sculptures in Washington (state)|Washington State Capitol campus|Monuments and memorials in Washington (state)|Outdoor sculptures in Washington (state)|Sculptures of men in Washington (state)|Sculptures of women in Washington (state)|Statues in Washington (state)|World War I memorials in the United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。