| 词条 | 2001 shoe bomb attempt |
| 释义 |
|image=Richard Reid explosive shoe.jpg |caption=One of the shoes containing the explosive. |title=2001 shoe bomb attempt |location=En route to Miami, Florida, U.S. from Paris, France |target=American Airlines Flight 63 |date={{start-date|December 22, 2001}} |time-begin= |time-end= |timezone= |type=Shoe bomb |injuries= 0 |assailant=Richard Reid |perpetrators=al-Qaeda }} The 2001 shoe bomb attempt was a failed bombing attempt that occurred on December 22, 2001, on American Airlines Flight 63. The aircraft, a Boeing 767-300 with 197 passengers and crew aboard, was flying from Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, France, to Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida, United States. The perpetrator, Richard Reid, was subdued by passengers after unsuccessfully attempting to detonate plastic explosives concealed within his shoes. The flight was diverted to Logan International Airport in Boston, under escort by American jet fighters, and safely landed without further incident. Reid was arrested and eventually sentenced to 3 life terms plus 110 years without parole. IncidentAs Flight 63 was flying over the Atlantic Ocean, Richard Reid — an Islamic fundamentalist from the United Kingdom, and self-proclaimed Al-Qaeda operative — carried shoes that were packed with two types of explosives. He had been refused permission to board the flight the day before. Passengers on the flight complained of a smoke smell shortly after meal service. One flight attendant, Hermis Moutardier, walked the aisles of the plane to assess the source. She found Reid sitting alone near a window, attempting to light a match. Moutardier warned him that smoking was not allowed on the airplane, and Reid promised to stop. A few minutes later, Moutardier found Reid leaning over in his seat, and unsuccessfully attempted to get his attention. After she asked him what he was doing, Reid grabbed at her, revealing one shoe in his lap, a fuse leading into the shoe, and a lit match. He was unable to detonate the bomb: perspiration from his feet dampened the TATP and prevented it from igniting. Moutardier tried grabbing Reid twice, but he pushed her to the floor each time, and she screamed for help. When another flight attendant, Cristina Jones, arrived to try to subdue him, he fought her and bit her thumb. The {{convert|6|ft|4|in|adj=on}} tall Reid was eventually subdued by other passengers on the aircraft and immobilized using plastic handcuffs, seatbelt extensions, and headphone cords. A doctor administered diazepam found in the flight kit of the aircraft.[1] Many of the passengers only became aware of the situation when the pilot announced that the flight was to be diverted to Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts. Two F-15 fighter jets escorted Flight 63 to Logan Airport. The plane was parked in the middle of the runway, and Reid was arrested on the ground while the rest of the passengers were bussed to the main terminal. Authorities later found over 280 grams (10 oz) of plastic explosives TATP and PETN hidden in the hollowed soles of Reid's black shoes,[2] enough to blow a substantial hole in the aircraft.[3] He was later convicted, and sentenced to 3 life terms plus 110 years without parole. He is currently incarcerated at Supermax prison ADX Florence. AftermathSix months after the crash of American Airlines Flight 587 in Queens, New York on November 12, 2001, Mohammed Mansour Jabarah agreed to cooperate with American authorities in exchange for a reduced sentence. He said that fellow Canadian Abderraouf Jdey had been responsible for the flight's destruction, using a shoe bomb similar to that found on Reid several months earlier. This claim remains unsubstantiated by the investigation into the cause of the crash, however, Jabarah was a known colleague of Khalid Sheikh Mohamed, and said that Reid and Jdey had both been enlisted by the al-Qaeda chief to participate in identical plots.[4][5] Security procedures at US airports were changed to have people remove their shoes before proceeding through scanners, in response to this incident.[6] Also, the Flight Number AAL63 is still used on the route from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to Miami International Airport, using a Boeing 777-200.[7] External links
See also{{Portal|United States|Aviation|Terrorism|2000s}}
References1. ^{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Cathy Booth|url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101020909/aattendants.html|title=Courage in the Air|publisher=TIME|accessdate=December 28, 2009 | date=September 1, 2002}} {{American Airlines}}{{War on Terrorism}}{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 2001}}{{coord|42.358|-70.997|type:event_globe:earth_region:US-MA|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shoe bomb plot}}2. ^{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/12/24/investigation.plane/|title=Shoe bomb suspect to remain in custody|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 14, 2014|date=December 25, 2001}} 3. ^{{cite news|last=Sample|first=Ian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/27/petn-pentaerythritol-trinitrate-explosive|title=PETN - hard to detect and just 100g can destroy a car|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=December 1, 2011| date=December 27, 2009}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Mili |first=Hayder |url=http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/uploads/ter_003_015.pdf |title=Securing the Northern Front: Canada and the War on Terror |date=July 28, 2005 |accessdate=14 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116015239/http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/uploads/ter_003_015.pdf |archivedate=16 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/01/30/reid.alqaeda/|title=Sources:Reid is al Qaeda operative.|accessdate=September 15, 2006|first=Maria|last=Ressa|publisher=CNN.com|date=December 6, 2003}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/screening/index.shtm |title=TSA: TSA Travel Assistant |publisher=Tsa.gov |date=September 26, 2006 |accessdate=November 6, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511230241/http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/screening/index.shtm |archivedate=May 11, 2011 |df= }} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://flightaware.com/live/flight/AAL63|title=American Airlines (AA) #63 ✈ FlightAware|website=FlightAware|access-date=2016-05-03}} 14 : Attacks in the United States in 2001|2001 crimes in the United States|Terrorist incidents in the United States in 2001|Islamic terrorism in the United States|Failed airliner bombings|Suicide bombing|Airliner accidents and incidents in the United States|Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2001|Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767|American Airlines accidents and incidents|Uses of shoes|Airliner bombings in the United States|2001 in Massachusetts|December 2001 events |
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