| 词条 | Castle Geyser | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Castle Geyser | photo = Steam Phase eruption of Castle geyser with double rainbow.jpg | photo_width = | photo_caption = Steam phase of Castle Geyser | name_origin = Named on September 18, 1870 by members of the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition | location = Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, Wyoming | coordinates = {{coord|44.463445|-110.83666|region:US-WY|format=dms|display=inline,title}}[1] | elevation = {{convert|7333|ft|m}}[2] | hot_spring_type = Cone geyser | height = {{convert|90|ft|m}} | duration = 20 minutes | frequency = 10 to 12 hours | discharge = | temperature = | map_image = SouthernSectionUpperGeyserBasinCastle.JPG | map_caption = Southern section of Upper Geyser Basin }}Castle Geyser is a cone geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. It is noted for the particularly large geyserite sinter deposits, which form its cone. These deposits have been likened in appearance to a castle.[3] When the geyser was given this name in 1870, the top edges of the structure resembled the typical profile associated with the modern concept of a castle, having the appearance of a large keep, multiple turrets, and especially because of the crenellation along the top edges of what resembled its towers. As the drawing below shows the cone had distinctive appearance at the time. Over time the cone's shape changes because of the layers of mineral deposited in successive eruptions. HistoryOn September 18, 1870, the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition entered the Upper Geyser Basin. Eventually, members of the expedition named seven geysers they observed in the basin. The appearance of this geyser led Lieutenant Gustavus Cheyney Doane to name it Castle Geyser.[4] Nathaniel P. Langford gave this account in his 1871 Scribner's article:
EruptionThe Castle Geyser has a 10- to 12-hour eruption cycle. The geyser erupts hot water for about 20 minutes in a vertical column that reaches a height of {{cvt|90|ft}} before changing to a noisy steam phase that issues for 30 to 40 minutes.[6] The sinter cone for Castle Geyser has been dated to around 1022 using carbon-14 dating. This date is much younger than the originally-presumed age of 5,000 to 15,000 years. A 3-D laser scan made of the cone reveals evidence that this geyser has evolved through four to five distinct stages to reach its current configuration.[7] In November 2002, the Denali earthquake in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska caused Castle Geyser, as well as other geysers in Yellowstone, to decrease in eruption frequency.[8] The affected geysers have returned to their previous pattern since that time, however. GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite rcn|9910|Castle Geyser}} 2. ^{{cite gnis|1597119|Castle Geyser}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Langford |first=Nathaniel Pitt |title=The Discovery of Yellowstone Park; Diary of the Washburn Expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers in the Year 1870 |publisher=Frank Jay Haynes |location=St. Paul, MN |year=1905 |page=123 |url=https://archive.org/details/diaryofwashburne00langrich}} 4. ^{{cite book |author=Bauer, Clyde Max |title=Yellowstone Geysers |location=Yellowstone Park, Wyoming |publisher=Haynes |year=1947 |oclc=1517713}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Langford |first= Nathaniel P. |authorlink=Nathaniel P. Langford |coauthors= |date=May–June 1871 |title=The Wonders of the Yellowstone |journal= Scribner's Monthly |volume=II |issue=1-2 |page=124}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Castle Geyser |work=Old Faithful Area Tour |url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/tours/oldfaithful/castleg.htm |publisher=National Park Service}} 7. ^{{cite web |last=Foley |first=Duncan |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004RM/finalprogram/abstract_72329.htm |title=How Does Your Geyser Grow? 3-D Laser Scanning and Preliminary 14C Dating of Castle Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming |publisher= Geological Society of America. Paper No. 11-11 |work=Rocky Mountain (56th Annual) and Cordilleran (100th Annual) Joint Meeting |date= May 3–5, 2004 }} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Quake in Alaska Changed Yellowstone Geysers |work=U News Center |publisher= University of Utah |url= http://www.unews.utah.edu/p/?r=030306-10 }} External links
5 : Geysers of Wyoming|Geothermal features of Teton County, Wyoming|Geothermal features of Yellowstone National Park|Geysers of Teton County, Wyoming|Articles containing video clips |
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