| 词条 | Crespi d'Adda |
| 释义 |
| name = Crespi d'Adda | native_name = | image_skyline = Vista di Crespi d'Adda.JPG | image_caption = The town's company-built school, church and employee houses | coordinates = {{coord|45|35|48|N|9|32|10|E|region:IT-25_type:city_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} | region = {{flag|Lombardy}} | province = Bergamo (BG) | comune = Capriate San Gervasio | elevation_footnotes = [1] | elevation_m = 465 | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | population_footnotes = [1] | population_total = 397 | population_as_of = 2011 | pop_density_footnotes = | gentilic = Casalesi | saint = Saint Maurus | day = | postal_code = 84070[2] | area_code = (+39) 0974 | website = {{official website|http://www.crespidaddaunesco.org}} | footnotes = |child = yes |ID = 730 |Year = 1995 |Criteria = Cultural: iv, v }} Crespi d'Adda is a northern Italian village and hamlet (frazione) of Capriate San Gervasio, a municipality in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy. It is a historic settlement and an outstanding example of the 19th and early 20th-century "company towns" built in Europe and North America by enlightened industrialists to meet the workers' needs. The site is still intact and is partly used for industrial purposes, although changing economic and social conditions now threaten its survival.[3] Since 1995 it has been on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites. History19th centuryIn 1869 Cristoforo Benigno Crespi, a textile manufacturer from Busto Arsizio (Varese), bought the 1 km valley between the rivers Brembo and Adda, to the south of Capriate, with the intention of installing a cotton mill on the banks of the Adda.[4] Cristoforo Crespi introduced the most modern spinning, weaving and finishing processes in his Cotton Mill.[5] The Hydroelectric power plant in Trezzo, on the Adda river just a few kilometers upwards, was built up around 1906 for the manufacturer Cristoforo Benigno Crespi.[6] The settlement which was built in 1878 next to the cotton-mill was a village, a residential area provided with social services such as a clinic, a school building, a theatre, a cemetery, a wash-house and a church.[7][8] Both the town and the factory were illuminated thanks to electric light.[9] The village of Crespi d'Adda was the first village in Italy to have modern public lighting.[10] The workers houses, of English inspiration, are lined up in order along parallel roads to the East of the factory.[5] A tree-lined avenue separates the production zone from the houses, overlooking a chequer-board road plan.[11] The whole architecture and town planning (except the first spinning department, created by engineer Angelo Colla), was submitted to the architect Ernesto Pirovano. For about fifty years Pirovano, helped by the engineer Pietro Brunati, ran the construction of the village.[9] model shops toy-like constructions / miniatures had been made to educate and exemplify new trends in social thinking and scientific advances to the inhabitants in the form of suitcases that contained them ... In 1889 the son of Cristoforo, Silvio Benigno Crespi, started work in the factory as a director, after spending time in Oldham, England.[9] He turned away from the large multiple-occupancy blocks in favour of the single-family house, with its own garden, which he saw as conducive to harmony and a defence against industrial strife. He put this policy into practice in 1892 and the years that followed, with success, since there was no strike or other form of social disorder for the fifty years of Crespi management.[4] 20th centuryThe Great Depression of 1929 and the harsh fascist fiscal policy resulted in the Crespi family being obliged to sell the entire town to STI, the Italian textile enterprise, which transferred it to the Rossarl e Varzi company in 1970. It then passed to the Legler company, which sold off most of the houses. It was last in the hands of the Polli industrial group, which employed some 600 people, as compared with the 3200 employed during the years of maximum activity.[4] 21st centuryToday the village is inhabited by a community largely descended from the original workers. The factory stopped production only in 2004, its field of activity throughout its working life having been cotton textile production. In October 2013, it was announced that Antonio Percassi was purchasing Crespi d'Adda in order to convert into the headquarters for the Percassi Business group as well as the headquarters for the new Antonio Percassi Family Foundation.[12] GeographyThe village is located by the eastern shore of the river Adda, next to the provincial borders of Bergamo with Milan, south of Capriate San Gervasio. Other nearest settlements are Trezzo sull'Adda, Brembate, Vaprio d'Adda and Canonica d'Adda.[13] It is 19 km from Bergamo and its airport, 30 from Monza and 47 from Milan. Nearest motorway exit, "Capriate", is 2 km north and is part of the A4 motorway Turin-Trieste. Gallery{{Gallery|title= |width=230 | height=160 | lines=1 |align=center |footer= |File:Crespi cimitero.jpg|Cemetery of Crespi d'Adda |File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Capriate San Gervasio, 1979) - BEIC 6330607.jpg|Crespi family's Mausoleum. Photography by Paolo Monti |File:Crespi d’Adda (Ian Spackman 2007-007-32).jpg|View of the cotton mill }}{{Gallery |title= |width=230 | height=160 | lines=1 |align=center |footer= |File:Crespi d’Adda, a worker’s house (Ian Spackman 2007-007-37).jpg|A factory worker’s house with garden. |File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Capriate San Gervasio, 1979) - BEIC 6330606.jpg|Chimney of Crespi d'Adda cotton mill. Photography by Paolo Monti |File:2012-04-25 Crespi d'Adda scuola.jpg|Village school }} See also
References1. ^1 {{it icon}} Casalsottano on italia.indettaglio.it 2. ^{{it icon}} [https://www.tuttocitta.it/cap/84070 Italian postal code 84070 (tuttocitta.it)] 3. ^UNESCO Reference 730 4. ^1 2 Info at db.formez.it {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530062009/http://db.formez.it/ArchivioEsperienze.nsf/1906f55ba24156a3c1256da9003022a4/63ad17e92802d991c1256f42003f32e4/%24FILE/Report_Unesco730.pdf |date=2008-05-30 }} 5. ^1 Value And History Of The Village Of Crespi D'Adda {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105204609/http://www.villaggiocrespi.it/ENG/Value.htm |date=2008-11-05 }} 6. ^www.laviadellenergia.it - Territory - Territorial Policies - Taccani Hydroelectric Power Station, Trezzo d'Adda, Milano {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005120907/http://www.centrovolta.it/laviadellenergia/inglese/territorio/trezzo.htm |date=2008-10-05 }} 7. ^{{it}} Crespi d'Adda website 8. ^Crespi d'Adda - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports 9. ^1 2 Crespi d'Adda 10. ^What Is Crespi D'Adda? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004316/http://www.villaggiocrespi.it/ENG.htm |date=2007-09-28 }} 11. ^{{it icon}} Info on apt.bergamo.it {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530062009/http://www.apt.bergamo.it/volantiniinrete/bg%20e%20prov%20Inglese/the%20signs%20of%20man.pdf |date=2008-05-30 }} 12. ^Info at percassi.it {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221035709/http://www.percassi.it/en/index/universo/il-fondatore.html |date=2013-12-21 }} 13. ^{{OSM|w|409048659|Crespi d'Adda}} External links{{commons category|Crespi d'Adda}}
6 : Frazioni of the Province of Bergamo|World Heritage Sites in Italy|Populated places established in 1878|Company towns|Cotton mills|Crespi family |
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