McIlvaine is a surname of Scottish origin, and refers to:

• Abraham Robinson McIlvaine (1804–1863), American politician, U.S. congressman from Pennsylvania
• Robinson McIlvaine (1913 - 2001), US diplomat
• Charles McIlvaine (mycologist) (1840–1909), American author and mycologist
• Charles Pettit McIlvaine (1799–1873), American Episcopalian bishop and author
• Jim McIlvaine (born 1972), American basketball player
• Joseph McIlvaine (1769–1826), American politician, U.S. senator from New Jersey
• Theodore Clinton McIlvaine (1875-1959), American agronomist

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