“Demographics of Italy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Italy, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

At the beginning of year 2017, Italy had an estimated population of 60.4 million. Its population density, at {{convert|201|PD/km2}}, is higher than that of most Western European countries. However, the distribution of the population is widely uneven; the most densely populated areas are the Po Valley (that accounts for almost half of the national population) in northern Italy and the metropolitan areas of Rome and Naples in central and southern Italy, while other vast areas are very sparsely populated, like the plateaus of Basilicata, the Alps and Apennines highlands, and the island of Sardinia.

The population of the country almost doubled during the twentieth century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North, a phenomenon which happened as a consequence of the Italian economic miracle of the 1950-60's. In addition, after centuries of net emigration, from the 1980's Italy has experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history. According to the Italian government, there were an estimated 5,000,073 foreign nationals resident in Italy.^[1]

High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1970's, after which they started to dramatically decline, leading to rapid population aging. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, one in five Italians was over 65 years old.^[2] However, as a result of the massive immigration of the last two decades, Italy has, in recent years, experienced a significant growth in birth rates.^[3] The total fertility rate has also climbed from an all-time low of 1.18 children per woman in 1995 to 1.41 in 2008.^[4]

Since the 1984 Lateran Treaty agreement, Italy has no official religion. However, it recognizes the role the Catholic Church plays in Italian society. 87.8% of the population identify as Catholic, 5.8% as non-believers or atheists, 2.6% as Muslims, and 3.8% adhere to other religions.

Urbanization

70.4% of Italian population is classified as urban,^[5] a relatively low figure among developed countries. During the last two decades, Italy underwent a devolution process, that eventually led to the creation of administrative metropolitan areas, in order to give major cities and their metropolitan areas a provincial status (somehow similar to PRC's direct-controlled municipality).

Genetics and ethnic groups

Modern Italy & Immigration

Italy used to be a country of mass emigration from the late 19th century until the 1970's. Between 1898 and 1914, the peak years of Italian diaspora, approximately 750,000 Italians emigrated each year.^[7] Italian communities once thrived in the former African colonies of Eritrea (nearly 100,000 at the beginning of World War II),^[8] Somalia and Libya (150,000 Italians settled in Libya, constituting about 18% of the total population).^[9] All of Libya's Italians were expelled from the North African country in 1970.^[10] In addition, after the annexation of Istria in 1945, up to 350,000 ethnic Italians left Titoist Yugoslavia.^[11] Today, large numbers of people with full or significant Italian ancestry are found in

Brazil (25 million),^[12] Argentina (20 million),^[13] US (17.8 million),^[14] France (5 million),^[15] Venezuela (2 million),^[16]^[17] Uruguay (1.5 million),^[18] Canada (1.4 million),^[19] and Australia (800,000).^[20]

As a result of the profound economic and social changes induced by postwar industrialization, including low birth rates, an aging population and thus a shrinking workforce, during the 1980's Italy became to attract rising flows of foreign immigrants. The present-day figure of about 5 million foreign residents, that make up some 9% of the total population, include 97,000 children born in Italy to foreign nationals (19% of total births in Italy) in 2014, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian nationality; this applied to 106,000 people in 2014.^[21]^[22] The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, the so-called clandestini, whose numbers are very difficult to determine. In May 2008 The Boston Globe quoted an estimate of 670,000 for this group.^[23] Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, the main waves of migration came from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). The second most important area of immigration to Italy has always been the neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from the Far East (notably, China^[24] and the Philippines) and Latin America (Ecuador, Peru) have been recorded. Currently, circa one million Romanians (around one tenth of them being Roma^[25]) are officially registered as living in Italy, representing thus the most important individual country of origin, followed by Albanians and Moroccans with about 500,000 people each. The number of unregistered Romanians is difficult to estimate, but the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network suggested that in 2007 that there might have been half a million or more.^[26]{{#tag:ref|According to Mitrica, an October 2005 Romanian report estimates that 1,061,400 Romanians are living in Italy, constituting 37% of 2.8 million immigrants in that country^[27] but it is unclear how the estimate was made, and therefore whether it should be taken seriously.|group=note}} Overall, at the end of the 2000s the foreign born population of Italy was from: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 84.9% of immigrants live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 15.1% live in the southern half of the peninsula.

There is significant cultural, linguistic, genetic, historical political diversity within the "Italian" ethnicity, enough to constitute several distinct ethnicities by some standards. When Italy unified in 1861, only 3% of the population spoke Italian,^[28] even though an estimated 90% of Italians speak Italian as their L1 nowadays.^[29] Groups like Friulians, Ladins, Sardinians, South Tyroleans, and Sicilians are examples of distinct peoples native to Italy.

Historical data

Life expectancy at birth from 1871 to 2015

Total Fertility Rate from 1850 to 1899

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.^[34]

Vital statistics since 1900^[35]^[36]^[37]

Current natural increase

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from Italy's Istituto Nazionale di Statistica^[40] and Cia World Factbook.^[41]

Christian 80% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants), Muslim (about 800,000 to 1 million), atheist and agnostic 20%

Languages

Italy's official language is Italian. Ethnologue has estimated that there are about 55 million speakers of the language in Italy and a further 6.7 million outside of the country, primarily in the neighboring countries and in the Italian diaspora worldwide.^[44]

Italian, adopted by the state after the unification of Italy, is based on the Florentine variety of Tuscan and is somewhat intermediate between the Italo-Dalmatian languages and the Gallo-Romance languages. Its development was also influenced by the Germanic languages of the post-Roman invaders.

Italy is linguistically diverse, taking also into consideration the actual varieties of Italian specific to each cultural region. However, the establishment of a national education system has led to decrease in the use of the various languages spoken across the country. Standardisation was further expanded in the 1950s and 1960s, thanks to economic growth and the rise of mass media and television, since the state broadcaster RAI helped to set a standard Italian.

As a way to distance itself from the Italianization policies promoted because of nationalism, Italy recognized twelve languages as the Country's "historical language minorities",^[45] which are promoted alongside Italian in their respective territories. French is co-official in the Aosta Valley, although Franco-Provencal is more commonly spoken there.^[46] German has the same status in the province of South Tyrol as, in some parts of that province and in parts of the neighbouring Trentino, does Ladin.^[47] Slovene^[48] and Friulian are officially recognised in the provinces of Trieste, Gorizia and Udine in Venezia Giulia. The Sardinian language is recognized as co-official in Sardinia.

In these regions official documents are either bilingual (trilingual in Ladin communities), or available upon request in the co-official language. Traffic signs are also multilingual, except in the Valle d’Aosta where French toponyms are generally used, with the exception of Aosta itself, which has retained its Latin form in Italian as well as English. Attempts to Italianize them, especially during the Fascist period, have been formally abandoned. Education is possible in minority languages where such schools are operating.

UNESCO and other authories recognize many other endangered languages, which are not protected by Italian government: Piedmontese, Venetian, Ligurian, Lombard, Emilian-Romagnolo, Neapolitan and Sicilian.

Religion

Roman Catholicism is by far the largest religion in the country, although the Catholic Church is no longer officially the state religion. In 2006, 87.8% of Italy's population self-identified as Roman Catholic,^[50] although only about one-third of these described themselves as active members (36.8%). In 2016, 71.1% of italian citizens self-identified as Roman Catholic,^[51] .

Most Italians believe in God, or a form of a spiritual life force. According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2005:^[52] 74% of Italian citizens responded that 'they believe there is a God', 16% answered that 'they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force' and 6% answered that 'they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force'.

Christianity

The Italian Catholic Church is part of the global Roman Catholic Church, under the leadership of the Pope, curia in Rome, and the Conference of Italian Bishops. In addition to Italy, two other sovereign nations are included in Italian-based dioceses, San Marino and Vatican City. There are 225 dioceses in the Italian Catholic Church, see further in this article and in the article List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy. Even though by law Vatican City is not part of Italy, it is in Rome, and along with Latin, Italian is the most spoken and second language of the Roman Curia.^[55]

Italy has a rich Catholic culture, especially as numerous Catholic saints, martyrs and popes were Italian themselves. Roman Catholic art in Italy especially flourished during the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque periods, with numerous Italian artists, such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Caravaggio, Fra Angelico, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Sandro Botticelli, Tintoretto, Titian, Raphael and Giotto. Roman Catholic architecture in Italy is equally as rich and impressive, with churches, basilicas and cathedrals such as St Peter's Basilica, Florence Cathedral and St Mark's Basilica. Roman Catholicism is the largest religion and denomination in Italy, with around 71.1% of Italians considering themselves Catholic. Italy is also home to the greatest number of cardinals in the world,^[56] and is the country with the greatest number of Roman Catholic churches per capita.^[57]

Even though the main Christian denomination in Italy is Roman Catholicism, there are some minorities of Protestant, Waldensian, Eastern Orthodox and other Christian churches.

In the 20th century, Jehovah's Witnesses, Pentecostalism, non-denominational Evangelicalism, and Mormonism were the fastest-growing Protestant churches. Immigration from Western, Central, and Eastern Africa at the beginning of the 21st century has increased the size of Baptist, Anglican, Pentecostal and Evangelical communities in Italy, while immigration from Eastern Europe has produced large Eastern Orthodox communities.

In 2006, Protestants made up 2.1% of Italy's population, and members of Eastern Orthodox churches comprised 1.2% or more than 700,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians including 180,000 Greek Orthodox,^[58] 550,000 Pentecostals and Evangelists (0.8%), of whom 400,000 are members of the Assemblies of God, about 250,000 are Jehovah's Witnesses (0.4%),^[59] 30,000 Waldensians,^[60] 25,000 Seventh-day Adventists, 22,000 Mormons, 15,000 Baptists (plus some 5,000 Free Baptists), 7,000 Lutherans, 4,000 Methodists (affiliated with the Waldensian Church).^[61]

Other religions

The longest-established religious faith in Italy is Judaism, Jews having been present in Ancient Rome before the birth of Christ. Italy has seen many influential Italian-Jews, such as Luigi Luzzatti, who took office in 1910, Ernesto Nathan served as mayor of Rome from 1907 to 1913 and Shabbethai Donnolo (died 982). During the Holocaust, Italy took in many Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. However, with the creation of the Nazi-backed puppet Italian Social Republic, about 15% of 48,000 Italian Jews were killed. This, together with the emigration that preceded and followed the Second World War, has left only a small community of around 45,000 Jews in Italy today.

Due to immigration from around the world, there has been an increase in non-Christian religions. As of 2009, there were 1.0 million Muslims in Italy^[62] forming 1.6 percent of population; independent estimates put the Islamic population in Italy anywhere from 0.8 million^[63] to 1.5 million.^[64] Only 50,000 Italian Muslims hold Italian citizenship.

There are more than 200,000 followers of faith originating in the Indian subcontinent, including some 70,000 Sikhs with 22 gurdwaras across the country,^[65] 70,000 Hindus, and 50,000 Buddhists.^[66] There are an estimated some 4,900 Bahá'ís in Italy in 2005.^[67]

See also

Footnotes

1. ^ .
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-072/EN/KS-SF-08-072-EN.PDF |title=Ageing characterises the demographic perspectives of the European societies - Issue number 72/2008 |author=EUROSTAT |accessdate=28 April 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102184227/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-072/EN/KS-SF-08-072-EN.PDF |archivedate=2 January 2009 |df=dmy }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/altridati/indicatori/2008/Tab_1.pdf|title=Crude birth rates, mortality rates and marriage rates 2005-2008|author=ISTAT|accessdate=10 May 2009|language=it}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/altridati/indicatori/2008/Tab_4.pdf |title=Average number of children born per woman 2005-2008|author=ISTAT|accessdate=3 May 2009|language=it}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF |format=PDF |title=Competitive Cities in the Global Economy |author=OECD |accessdate=30 April 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001192936/http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF |archivedate=1 October 2008 }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/26786/en/articles/view.php3?arKey=4&paKey=7&loKey=0&evKey=&toKey=&torKey=&tolKey= |title=Causes of the Italian mass emigration |publisher=ThinkQuest Library |date=15 August 1999 |accessdate=30 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010015938/http://library.thinkquest.org/26786/en/articles/view.php3?arKey=4&paKey=7&loKey=0&evKey=&toKey=&torKey=&tolKey= |archivedate=10 October 2010 }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ilcornodafrica.it/rds-01emigrazione.pdf |title=Essay on Italian emigration to Eritrea (in Italian)|format=PDF |date= |accessdate=30 October 2010}}
9. ^Libya – Italian colonization. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
10. ^Libya cuts ties to mark Italy era.. BBC News. 27 October 2005.
11. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/06/world/election-opens-old-wounds-in-trieste.html Election Opens Old Wounds In Trieste]. The New York Times. 6 June 1987.
12. ^Consulta Nazionale Emigrazione. Progetto ITENETs – “Gli italiani in Brasile”; pp. 11, 19 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212103430/http://www.consultanazionaleemigrazione.it/itestero/Gli_italiani_in_Brasile.pdf |date=12 February 2012 }} . Retrieved 10 September 2008.
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.asteriscos.tv/dossier-3.html |title=Unos 20 millones de personas que viven en la Argentina tienen algún grado de descendencia italiana |accessdate=27 June 2008 |last=Lee |first=Adam |date=3 April 2006 |language=Spanish}}
14. ^{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR:543&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=047&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en |title=U.S Census Bureau – Selected Population Profile in the United States |publisher=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |date= |accessdate=2011-05-30}}
15. ^"[https://books.google.com/books?id=BLo2RqGdv_wC&pg=PA143&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Cambridge survey of world migration]". Robin Cohen (1995). Cambridge University Press. p. 143. {{ISBN|0-521-44405-5}}
16. ^http://www.correodelorinoco.gob.ve/tema-dia/embajador-italia-caracas-asegura-que-sistema-electoral-venezolano-es-confiable/ "...el diplomático calcula que 5% o 6% de la población venezolana actual tiene origen italiano."
17. ^Santander Laya-Garrido, Alfonso. Los Italianos forjadores de la nacionalidad y del desarrollo economico en Venezuela. Editorial Vadell. Valencia, 1978
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hotelsclick.com/hoteles/UY/Uruguay-DEMOGRAF%C3%ADA-5.html|title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Uruguay, provinces and territories – 20% sample data}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=LPTD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20by%20Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Parents%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(2001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Ancestry& |title=20680-Ancestry by Country of Birth of Parents – Time Series Statistics (2001, 2006 Census Years) – Australia |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=27 June 2007 |accessdate=30 December 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001032237/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=LPTD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20by%20Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Parents%20-%20Time%20Series%20Statistics%20(2001,%202006%20Census%20Years)&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Ancestry& |archivedate=1 October 2007 |df=dmy }}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/149003 |title=La popolazione straniera residente in Italia nel 2014 |language=it |date=12 February 2015 |publisher=National Institute of Statistics (Italy) |accessdate=24 April 2015}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20091008_00/testointegrale20091008.pdf |title=La popolazione straniera residente in Italia al 1° gennaio 2009|publisher= Istat| pages = 1–3|language = Italian|trans-title=The Foreign Population Resident in Italy on 1 January 2009|format=PDF |date= 8 October 2009|accessdate=27 October 2009}}
23. ^Elisabeth Rosenthal, "Italy cracks down on illegal immigration". The Boston Globe. 16 May 2008.
24. ^"Milan police in Chinatown clash". BBC News. 13 April 2007.
25. ^"EUROPE: Home to Roma, And No Place for Them {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305064429/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42404 |date=5 March 2012 }}". IPS ipsnews.net.
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.birn.eu.com/en/111/15/5745/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029110649/http://www.birn.eu.com/en/111/15/5745/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=29 October 2008 |title=Balkan Investigative Reporting Network |publisher=Birn.eu.com |date=08 11 2007 |accessdate=4 November 2008 }}
27. ^Mitrica, Mihai [https://web.archive.org/web/20071023072029/http://evz.ro/article.php?artid=201813 Un milion de romani s-au mutat in Italia] ("One million Romanians have moved to Italy"). Evenimentul Zilei, 31 October 2005. Visited 11 April 2006.
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita|title=Italian|publisher=}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/207961|title=L'uso della lingua italiana, dei dialetti e di altre lingue in Italia|publisher=Istat}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.istat.it/en/archive/demographic+balance|title=National Demographic Balance|publisher=Istat}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=www.istat.it/it/archivio/129854}}
32. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810|title=Life expectancy|website=Our World in Data|access-date=2018-08-28}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|last=|date=|year=|publisher=|pages=|language=|format=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=2017-07-15|quote=|periodical=|month=|day=}}
34. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=ITA|title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries|author=Max Roser|date=2014|work=Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation}}
35. ^B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750-1975.
36. ^http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1948%20DYB.pdf United nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/|title=Demo-Geodemo. - Mappe, Popolazione, Statistiche Demografiche dell'ISTAT|first=Vincenzo Patruno, Marina Venturi, Silvestro|last=Roberto|website=demo.istat.it}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Bilancio demografico mensile|url=http://demo.istat.it/|website=Demo Istat|publisher=Istat|accessdate=30 January 2019}}
39. ^{{cite|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/italy-population/|title=Italy Population 2018|website=World Population Review}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=Statistic Yearbook 2011|url=http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20111216_00/PDF/cap2.pdf|publisher=Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|accessdate=19 December 2011}}
41. ^¹{{cite|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html|title= The World FactBook - Italy|date=July 12, 2018|work=The World Factbook}}
42. ^{{cite web|last1=Index Mundi|title=Italy Birth Rate|website=indexmundi.com |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/italy/birth_rate.html}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/en/archive/149007|title=Demographic indicators|date=30 November 2014|website=www.istat.it}}
44. ^Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy) - Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version
45. ^{{citation |url=http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm |title=Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche |year= |publisher=Italian parliament |accessdate=2015-10-17}}
46. ^L.cost. 26 febbraio 1948, n. 4, Statuto speciale per la Valle d'Aosta
47. ^L.cost. 26 febbraio 1948, n. 5, Statuto speciale per il Trentino-Alto Adige
48. ^L.cost. 31 gennaio 1963, n. 1, Statuto speciale della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Global Religious Landscape|publisher=Pewforum.org|accessdate=2 October 2015}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2006/01_Gennaio/17/cattolici.shtml|title=Italy: 88% of Italy's population declare themselves Catholic|publisher=Corriere della Sera|date=18 January 2006|accessdate = 10 May 2009|language=it}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://eurispes.eu/content/rapporto-italia-2016-la-sindrome-del-palio|title=Rapporto Italia 2016. La sindrome del Palio|accessdate = 10 November 2018|language=it}}
52. ^ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524000000/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |date=24 May 2006 }}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |title=The Duomo of Florence | Tripleman |publisher=www.tripleman.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-25}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brunelleschisdome.com/ |title=brunelleschi's dome - Brunelleschi's Dome |publisher=Brunelleschisdome.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-25}}
55. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1066140.stm|work=BBC News|title=Country profile: Vatican|date=26 October 2009|accessdate=5 May 2010}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/countrynow.htm#Top|title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Living cardinals arranged by country|first=Salvador|last=Miranda|website=www.fiu.edu}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/italy-country-profile.html |title=Italy - Italian Language, Culture, Customs and Business Etiquette |publisher=Kwintessential.co.uk |accessdate=2010-08-02}}
58. ^The Holy Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305214703/http://www.ortodossia.it/The%20Holy%20Orthodox%20Archdiocese%20of%20Italy%20ed%20Malta.htm |date=5 March 2009 }}
59. ^{{cite book|title=2015 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses|publisher=Watch Tower Society|page=182}}
60. ^{{it icon}} Waldensian Evangelical Church {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211233818/http://www.chiesavaldese.org/pages/storia/dove_viviamo.php |date=11 February 2006 }}
61. ^World Council of Churches {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325172232/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/italy/evangelical-methodist-church-in-italy.html |date=25 March 2013 }}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.3202304679|title=Italy: Country's muslims raise funds to help quake victims - Adnkronos Religion|website=www.adnkronos.com}}
63. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm|work=BBC News|title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide|date=23 December 2005|accessdate=5 May 2010}}
64. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/24/world/europe/24iht-rome.html?_r=1|work=The New York Times|date=25 July 2005|accessdate=31 March 2010|first=Elisabeth|last=Rosenthal|title=Pressure is growingon Muslims in Italy}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/EUROPE/ITALY/2004/111604Gurdwara.htm|title=NRI Sikhs in Italy|website=www.nriinternet.com}}
66. ^Unione Buddhista Italiana - UBI: L'Ente {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404034319/http://www.buddhismo.it/ente.htm |date=4 April 2007 }}
67. ^{{cite web| title = Most Baha'i Nations (2005)|work = QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >|publisher = The Association of Religion Data Archives|year = 2005| url =http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_40c.asp|accessdate = 2010-01-30}}

Urbanization

Genetics and ethnic groups

Modern Italy & Immigration

Historical data

Life expectancy at birth from 1871 to 2015

Total Fertility Rate from 1850 to 1899

Vital statistics since 1900^[35]^[36]^[37]

Current natural increase

Demographic statistics

Languages

Religion

Christianity

Other religions

See also

Footnotes

References

External links

Urbanization

Genetics and ethnic groups

Modern Italy & Immigration

Historical data

Life expectancy at birth from 1871 to 2015

Total Fertility Rate from 1850 to 1899

Vital statistics since 1900[35][36][37]

Current natural increase

Demographic statistics

Languages

Religion

Christianity

Other religions

See also

Footnotes

References

External links

Vital statistics since 1900^[35]^[36]^[37]