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词条 Demographics of Qatar
释义

  1. Ethnicity

  2. Population

  3. By nationality

  4. Vital statistics

     UN estimates[12]  Registered births and deaths[13][14]   Life expectancy  

  5. CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

     Population  Age structure  Population growth rate  Sex ratio[5]  Average life span (Life expectancy at birth)  Total fertility rate  Nationality  Ethnic groups  Religions  Languages   Literacy    Obesity - adult prevalence rate   Genetics  Y-chromosome DNA  Mitochondrial DNA 

  6. References

{{Update|date=January 2017 | inaccurate=yes}}

Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris are descended from a number of migratory Arab tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century from mainly the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. Some are descended from Omani tribes. Qatar has about 2.6 million inhabitants as of early 2017, the majority of whom (about 92%) live in Doha, the capital.[1] Foreign workers amount to around 88% of the population, with Indians being the largest community numbering around 691,000.[2] The treatment of these foreign workers has been heavily criticized in recent years, with living conditions suggested to be exploitative and abusive.[3]

The Qataris are mainly Sunni Muslims. Islam is the official religion, and Islamic jurisprudence is the basis of Qatar's legal system. A significant minority of the population is Hindu. Arabic is the official language and English is the lingua franca of business. Hindi and Urdu are also widely spoken, especially by the South Asian foreign workers.[4] Education is compulsory and free for all citizens 6–16 years old. Qatar has an increasingly high literacy rate.

Ethnicity

{{bar box
|title=Ethnic groups in Qatar (2004)[5]
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Ethnic groups
|float=right
|bars={{bar percent|Arab|green|40}}{{bar percent| Indian |red|18}}{{bar percent|Other|blue| 14}}{{bar percent|Iranian|pink|10}}{{bar percent|Pakistani|black|8.5}}
}}

Qataris can be divided into three ethnic groups: Bedouins, Hadar, and Africans-origin. Bedouins are descended from the nomads of the Arabian Peninsula.

Population

{{columns|width=auto
|col1={{Historical populations
|title = 2002-2017
|align = none
|shading = off
|percentages = pagr
|2002 |676498
|2003 |713859
|2004 |744028
|2005 |906123
|2006 |1042947
|2007 |1218250
|2008 |1448479
|2009 |1638626
|2010 |1699435
|2011 |1732717
|2012 |1832903
|2013 |2101288
|2014 |2172065
|2015 |2235355
|2016 |2291368
|2017 |2338085
|footnote = Source: Qatar Statistics Authority[6]
}}
|col2={{Historical populations
|title=1950-2010
|align=right
|shading=off
|percentages = pagr
|1950|25000
|1960|47000
|1970|108000
|1980|222000
|1990|474000
|2000|591000
|2010|1759000
|footnote = Source: United Nations[7]
}}
|col3={{Historical populations
|title=Census Results
|align=right
|shading=off
|percentages = pagr
|1986|369079
|1997|522026
|2004|744029
|2010|1699435
|footnote = Source: Qatar Statistics Authority
}}
}}

By nationality

As of 2011-2014 report by International Organization for Migration, 176,748 Nepali Citizens of Madhesi ethnicity lived in Qatar as migrant workers.[8][9][10]

As of 2012, about 7,000 Turkish nationals live in Qatar.[11]

As of 2016, about 1,000 Colombian nationals and descendants live in Qatar.

Vital statistics

UN estimates[12]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*
1950-1955 1 000 0 1 00047.513.833.76.97126
1955-1960 2 000 0 1 00044.311.333.06.97110
1960-1965 2 000 1 000 2 00041.08.832.16.9790
1965-1970 4 000 1 000 3 00038.66.831.86.9771
1970-1975 5 000 1 000 4 00034.85.229.66.7753
1975-1980 7 000 1 000 6 00035.74.031.76.1138
1980-1985 10 000 1 000 9 00033.23.130.15.4528
1985-1990 11 000 1 000 10 00025.42.522.94.5023
1990-1995 11 000 1 000 10 00022.82.220.64.0118
1995-2000 10 000 1 000 9 00019.22.117.13.3014
2000-2005 13 000 1 000 12 00018.81.916.93.0111
2005-2010 18 000 2 000 16 00014.11.612.52.409
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered births and deaths[13][14]

Average population (x 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)TFR
1970 1083 616 4643 15233.44.329.1
1971 1183 921 4913 43033.24.229.0
1972 1294 038 5633 47531.24.426.8
1973 1414 367 6603 70731.04.726.3
1974 1524 562 6883 87430.04.525.5
1975 1634 559 6003 95928.03.724.3
1976 1724 893 6094 28428.43.524.9
1977 1815 313 6864 62729.43.825.6
1978 1905 977 6455 33231.43.428.0
1979 2036 057 7095 34829.83.526.3
1980 2226 750 6626 08830.53.027.5
1981 2467 192 7256 46729.33.026.3
1982 2758 032 7897 24329.22.926.3
1983 3078 261 8037 45826.92.624.3
1984 3388 613 6427 97125.51.923.6
1985 3689 225 7948 43125.12.222.9
1986 3959 942 7849 15825.22.023.2
1987 4209 919 7889 13123.61.921.7
1988 44210 842 8619 98124.51.922.6
1989 46010 908 84710 06123.71.821.9
1990 47411 022 87110 15123.31.821.5
1991 4839 756 8838 87320.21.818.4
1992 48810 459 9449 51521.41.919.5
1993 49110 822 9139 90922.01.920.1
1994 49510 561 9649 59721.31.919.4
1995 50110 3711 0009 37120.72.018.7
1996 51210 3171 0159 30220.12.018.1
1997 52910 4471 0609 38719.82.017.8
1998 54910 7811 1579 62419.62.117.5
1999 57010 8461 1489 69819.02.017.0
2000 59111 4381 17310 26519.42.017.4
2001 60812 3551 21011 14520.32.018.3
2002 62412 3881 22011 16819.82.017.8
2003 65413 0261 31111 71519.92.017.9
2004 71513 5891 34112 24819.01.917.1
2005 82113 5141 54511 96916.51.914.6
2006 97814 2041 75012 45414.51.812.7
20071 17815 6951 77613 91913.31.511.8
20081 44817 4801 94215 53812.11.310.8
20091 63918 3512 00816 34311.21.210.02,282
20101 71519 5041 97017 53411.41.110.32,076
20111 73320 8021 94918 85312.01.110.92,118
201221 4232 03119 39211.71.110.6
2013
201425 4432 36623 00711.51.110.4
201526 6222 31724 305
201624 8952 33922 5569.50.98.6
201725 9062 29423 6129.50.88.7

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195555.21985–199074.5
1955–196059.21990–199575.3
1960–196562.91995–200076.0
1965–197066.62000–200576.6
1970–197569.72005–201076.9
1975–198071.82010–201577.6
1980–198573.4

Source: UN World Population Prospects[15]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated.

Population

  • 2,123,160 (July 2014 est.) Qatar is the 146th most populated nation.[16]
  • 2,314,307 (July 2017 est.) Qatar is the 143th most populated nation.[16]

Age structure

  • 0–14 years: 12.63% (male 148,021/female 144,252)
  • 15-24 years: 12.35% (male 206,055/female 79,859)
  • 25-54 years: 70.59% (male 1,359,383/female 274,334)
  • 55-64 years: 3.42% (male 61,051/female 18,203)
  • 65 years and over: 1% (male 14,932/female 8,217) (2017 est.)

Population growth rate

  • 2.27% (2017 est.)
  • 9.56% – World Bank (2009 est.)
  • 3.58% – CIA World FactBook (2014 est.)
  • 2.11% – 2005–2010 List by the United Nations

Sex ratio[5]

  • At birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
  • 0–14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  • 15–24 years: 2.64 male(s)/female
  • 25–54 years: 4.91 male(s)/female
  • 55–64 years: 3.38 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 1.71 male(s)/female
  • total population: 3.41 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Average life span (Life expectancy at birth)

  • Average: 78.9 years
  • men:76.8 years
  • women:81 years (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

  • 2.08 children born per 1 female (2010 est.) (Qataris: 3.59 children/woman, Foreign nationals: 1.75 children/woman)

Nationality

  • noun:Qatari(s)
  • adjective: Qatari

Ethnic groups

  • Qatari 12.10%[5]
  • Indian 25.00%
  • Pakistani 4.80%
  • Iranian 1.50%

Other sources[17][18]

Country Number percent
{{IND}} 650,000 25.00%
{{QAT}} 330,000 12.10%
{{PHI}} 260,000 10.00%
{{EGY}} 200,000 8.60%
{{BAN}} 280,000 12.10%
{{SRI}} 145,256 5.60%
{{PAK}} 125,000 4.80%
{{SYR}} 54,000 2.20%
{{SUD}} 50,000 2.10%
{{JOR}} 40,000 1.72%
{{IDN}} 39,000 1.68%
{{IRN}} 30,000 1.3%
{{GBR}} 25,000 1.10%
{{LIB}} 25,000 1.08%
{{ETH}} 21,374 0.92%
{{PLE}} 20,500 0.89%

Religions

  • Islam 67.7% - the majority Salafi Sunni[19]
  • Hindu 13,8%
  • Christian 13,8%
  • Buddhist 3.1%

Languages

Arabic is the official language of Qatar according to Article 1 of the Constitution.[20]English is the de-facto second language of Qatar, and is very commonly used in business. Because of Qatar's varied ethnic landscape, English has been recognized as the most convenient medium for people of different backgrounds to communicate with each other.[21] The history of English use in the country dates back to the mid-19th and early 20th centuries when the British Empire would frequently draft treaties and agreements with the emirates of the Persian Gulf. One such treaty was the 1916 protectorate treaty signed between Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani and the British representative Percy Cox, under which Qatar would be placed under British administration in exchange for protection. Another agreement drafted in English came in 1932 and was signed between the Qatari government and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. These agreements were mainly facilitated by foreign interpreters due to neither party possessing the required language skills for such complex arrangements. For instance, a translator and native Arabic speaker named A. A. Hilmy interpreted the 1932 agreement for Qatar.[22]Hindi, Urdu, Tagalog, Bengali, and Malayalam are commonly used among Asian migrants. In 2015, there were more newspapers being printed by the government in Malayalam than in Arabic or English.[23]

Literacy

  • definition: age >15 can both read & write
  • overall population: 97.3%
  • males: 97.4%
  • females: 96.8% (2015 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

  • 35.1% (2016)

Genetics

Y-chromosome DNA

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Qatari Y-chromosome in large belongs to haplogroup J which comprises two thirds of the total chromosomes[24]

  • J1 ≈58.3%
  • J2 ≈8.3%
  • E ≈7.0% — E(xE1b1b)
  • R1a ≈6.9%
  • E1b1b ≈5.6%
  • Other Haplogroups ≈13.9%

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage The Qatari mitochondrial DNA shows much more diversity than the Y-DNA lineages, with more than 35% of the lineages showing African ancestry (East African & Subsaharan) & the rest of the lineages being Eurasian.[25]

  • R0 ~ 22% (14% R0, 8% H)
  • JT ~ 22% (18% J & 4% T)
  • UK ~ 20% (11% K & 9% U)
  • L3 ~ 10% (East African & Subsaharan lineages)
  • Other lineages ~ 26%

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mdps.gov.qa/en/statistics1/StatisticsSite/Pages/Population.aspx|accessdate=2017-02-07|title=Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/|accessdate=2017-02-07|title=Population of Qatar by nationality - 2017 report}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/qatar/report-qatar/|accessdate=2016-11-25|title=QATAR 2015/2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineqatar.com/info/tourist-info.aspx|accessdate=2012-02-15|title=Qatar Tourist Guide}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html|title= Middle East ::QATAR|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}
6. ^Qatar Statistics Authority - Population 2012
7. ^World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228065810/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm |date=February 28, 2013 }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://nepal.iom.int/jupgrade/index.php/en/press-room/18-topic-details/115-art-latest-news-28|title=Nepalese Migrant workers in Qatar from Terai}}
9. ^{{cite web|url= http://nepal.iom.int/jupgrade/index.php/en/press-room/18-topic-details/115-art-latest-news-28|title=Iom International Report claims half of Nepalese migrant workers in foreign are Madhesi people from Terai, mainly to Qatar, Malaysia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and UAE}}
10. ^{{cite web|url= http://nepalitimes.com/regular-columns/Comment/time-for-madhesi-people-to-know-real-friends,595|title=Half of madhesi people of Terai are in Qatar}}
11. ^"Turkish school in Qatar to help spread Turkish culture" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6bmQ4Kmgr?url=http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkish-school-in-qatar-to-help-spread-turkish-culture_272917.html Archive]). Today's Zaman. Wednesday February 29, 2012. Retrieved on September 26, 2015.
12. ^World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506000000/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}
13. ^  United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.qix.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/qix/subject_area?subject_area=176 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-06-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701123930/http://www.qix.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/qix/subject_area?subject_area=176 |archivedate=2015-07-01 |df= }} Qatar Information Exchange]
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|last=|date=|year=|publisher=|pages=|language=|format=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=2017-07-15|quote=|periodical=|month=|day=}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=14 February 2014|year=2013}}
17. ^http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/
18. ^http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/2013/12/population-qatar-nationality
19. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html CIA Factbook – Qatar]
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Qatar_2003.pdf?lang=en|title=Qatar's Constitution of 2003|publisher=Constitute Project|accessdate=14 February 2019}}
21. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKnhDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|title=The Report: Qatar 2015|publisher=Oxford Business Group|year=2015|page=12}}
22. ^{{cite thesis|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1505/1/1505.pdf|author=Qotbah, Mohammed Abdullah|title=Needs analysis and the design of courses in English for academic purposes : a study of the use of English language at the University of Qatar|year=1990|publisher=Durham theses, Durham University|website=etheses.dur.ac.uk|page=8|accessdate=14 February 2019}}
23. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKnhDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|title=The Report: Qatar 2015|publisher=Oxford Business Group|year=2015|page=15}}
24. ^Cadenas et al. 2007
25. ^Rowold et al. 2007
{{Demographics of Qatar}}{{Qatar topics}}{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}

2 : Demographics by country|Demographics of Qatar
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