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词条 Demographics of Rwanda
释义

  1. Ethnic groups

  2. Population

      Structure of the population [3]  

  3. Vital statistics

     Fertility and Births  Life expectancy 

  4. CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

     Population  Population growth rate  Sex ratio  Life expectancy at birth   Median age   Nationality  Ethnic groups[8]  Religions[8]  Languages[8]  Literacy   Education expenditure  

  5. See also

  6. References

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Rwanda, including population density, ethnicity, education higher level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Rwanda's population density, even after the 1994 genocide, is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa at {{convert|230|PD/km2}}. This country has few villages, and nearly every family lives in a self-contained compound on a hillside. The urban concentrations are grouped around administrative centers.

Over half of the adult population is literate, but no more than 5% have received secondary education.

Ethnic groups

{{Further information|Ethnic groups in Rwanda}}

The indigenous population largely consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population (85%), are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis (14% before the Genocide, probably less than 10% now) are a pastoral people who arrived in the area in the 15th century. Until 1959, they formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding.

The Twa (pygmies) (1%) and Jabiyans are thought to be the remnants of the earliest settlers of the region.

Population

In 1950, Rwanda had a very narrow population pyramid, with less than 250,000 males and females between 0-10 years old. The graph only gets narrower as it goes up with virtually no-one living past 50 years of age. In 2017, we see the population of Rwanda increase dramatically from 1950 with about 750,000 people between 0-20 years old, the graph remains very narrow in the older ages section but has improved from 1950. By 2050, it is predicted that more people will be living longer and the structure will broaden overall. By 2100, it is predicted that there will be more people aged between 30-60 than between 0-20 as previous years have shown.[1]

According to {{UN_Population|source}} the total population was {{UN_Population|Rwanda}} in {{UN_Population|Year}}, compared to only 2,072,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 42.6%, 54.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% was 65 years or older

.[2]

Total population (in thousands)Population aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
19502,07245.152.32.6
19552,38646.350.82.9
19602,77148.149.12.8
19653,22147.849.52.7
19703,74947.849.72.5
19754,39047.749.92.4
19805,17948.149.72.2
19856,08148.949.12.0
19907,11049.148.72.2
19955,57048.449.32.3
20008,09845.452.02.6
20059,20242.455.02.7
201010,62442.654.72.7
201210,51641.1655.653.19

Structure of the population [3]

Structure of the population (1 July 2012 estimates, data refer to national projections):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5,342,1125,691,02911,033,141100
0–4973,447957,1041,930,55117.50
5–9770,292763,7091,534,00113.90
10–14608,836621,3781,230,21311.15
15–19552,629568,1011,120,73010.16
20–24525,485550,4861,075,9719.75
25–29508,839540,8721,049,7129.51
30–34366,700416,072782,7727.09
35–39241,362291,340532,7024.83
40–44197,005228,728425,7333.86
45–49165,096193,402358,4993.25
50–54153,080180,759333,8393.03
55–59107,200132,234239,4332.17
60–6471,92492,299164,2231.49
65–6938,12558,58596,7100.88
70–7429,28546,23675,5210.68
75–7917,73627,55745,2930.41
80+15,07122,17837,2390.34
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–142,352,5752,342,1914,694,76642.55
15–642,889,3203,194,2826,083,60255.14
65+100,217154,556254,7732.31

Structure of the population (DHS 2013; males 9,546, females 10,726, total 20,272):

Age GroupMale (%)Female (%)Total (%)
0–416.214.515.3
5–915.213.514.3
10–1414.012.613.3
15–1910.39.910.1
20–248.29.08.6
25–298.38.38.3
30–347.27.37.3
35–394.44.94.7
40–443.54.34.0
45–493.13.63.3
50–543.13.43.3
55–592.12.32.2
60–641.72.11.9
65–691.01.51.3
70–740.61.10.9
75–790.50.60.6
80+0.60.90.8
Age groupMale (%)Female (%)Total (%)
0–1445.440.642.9
15–6451.955.353.5
65+2.74.13.6

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Rwanda not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

[2]
PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*
1950–1955 118,000 55,000 63,00052.924.728.18.00160
1955–1960 137,000 60,000 77,00053.323.429.98.15152
1960–1965 155,000 65,000 90,00051.921.930.08.15143
1965–1970 178,000 72,000 106,00051.020.730.38.10137
1970–1975 211,000 82,000 128,00051.820.331.58.20134
1975–1980 250,000 92,000 158,00052.319.333.08.25132
1980–1985 294,000 92,000 202,00052.216.335.98.25124
1985–1990 326,000 123,000 203,00049.418.730.77.80120
1990–1995 258,000 263,000 −5,00040.741.5−0.86.30128
1995–2000 278,000 136,000 142,00040.719.920.86.00118
2000–2005 344,000 125,000 219,00039.814.425.45.60108
2005–2010 404,000 122,000 281,00040.712.328.45.43100
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)
We can also see that in 1990-1995 had a large decrease in population. This is due to the fact 1994 was the center of a genocide.
Births and deaths [4]
YearPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseCrude birth rateCrude death rateRate of natural increaseTFR
2012404,067139,499264,568

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[5]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
199240.06.23 (4.2)38.04.51 (3.3)41.06.33 (4.3)
20005.8 (4.7)5.2 (4.1)5.9 (4.8)
200543.26.1 (4.6)39.84.9 (3.6)43.86.3 (4.8)
2007–0839.25.5 (3.7)37.44.7 (3.3)39.65.7 (3.8)
201034.44.6 (3.1)30.63.4 (2.6)35.04.8 (3.2)
2014–1532.64.2 (3.1)34.33.6 (2.7)32.34.3 (3.2)

Fertility data as of 2014–15 (DHS Program):[6]

ProvinceTotal fertility ratePercentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnantMean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Kigali 3.6 6.9 4.6
South 4.0 6.9 5.0
West 4.6 7.4 5.9
North 3.7 6.3 5.6
East 4.6 8.4 5.9

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195540.01985–199048.1
1955–196041.51990–199523.7
1960–196543.01995–200044.7
1965–197044.12000–200550.6
1970–197544.62005–201060.1
1975–198045.82010–201565.2
1980–198549.8

Source: UN[7]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

11,901,484


note:

estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS. This disease can result in lower life expectancy, population, and growth rates; higher infant mortality and death rates; and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.)

Population growth rate

2.45% (2017 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.70 male(s)/female


total population: 1.00 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 64.3 years


male: 62.3 years


female: 66.3 years (2017 est.)

Median age

Total: 19 years

Male: 18.3 years

Female: 19.8 years (2017 est.)

Nationality

noun: Rwandan(s)/Rwandese


adjective: Rwandan/Rwandese

Ethnic groups[8]

  • Hutu 83%
  • Tutsi 16%
  • Twa 1%

Religions[8]

{{main|Religion in Rwanda}}
  • Roman Catholic 49.5%
  • Protestant 39.4% (includes Adventist 12.2% and other Protestant 27.2%)
  • Other Christian 4.5%
  • Islam 1.8%
  • Animist 0.1%
  • Other 0.6%
  • None 3.6%
  • Unspecified 0.5%

Languages[8]

  • Kinyarwanda only (official universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%
  • Kinyarwanda and other language(s) 6.2%
  • French (official) and other language(s) 0.1%
  • English (official) and other language(s) 0.1%
  • Swahili (or Kiswahili used in commercial centers) 0.02%
  • Other 0.03%
  • Unspecified 0.3% (2002 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 70.5%


male: 73.2%


female: 68% (2015 est.)

Education expenditure

3.5% of GDP (2016)

See also

  • Silas Niyibizi

References

{{Commons category|Demographics of Rwanda}}
1. ^https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/
2. ^1 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506000000/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm|title=United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics|publisher=|accessdate=6 September 2016}}
4. ^http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=13&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|publisher=|accessdate=6 September 2016}}
6. ^http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR316/FR316.pdf
7. ^{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2017-07-28|archiveurl=|archivedate=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html|title= Africa :: RWANDA|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}
{{Ethnic groups in Rwanda}}{{Rwanda topics}}{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Rwanda}}Ruanda#Demografia

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