“El Altar”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Geology

The mountain consists of a large stratovolcano of Pliocene-Pleistocene age with a caldera breached to the west. Inca legends report that the top of Altar collapsed after seven years of activity in about 1460, but the caldera is considered to be much older than this by geologists. Nine major peaks over {{Convert|5000|m|ft|-2}} form a horseshoe-shaped ridge about {{Convert|3|km|mi|1}} across, surrounding a central basin that contains a crater lake at about {{Convert|4200|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}, known as Laguna Collanes or Laguna Amarilla.

Access and recreation

El Altar is perhaps the most technically demanding climb in Ecuador. The route to the El Obispo summit is graded D+.^[6] December through February are the best months to attempt an ascent. Much more accessible is the hike to the lake within the caldera of the mountain. From Riobamba, one takes a bus for about an hour to Candelaria and then checks in at the ranger station to enter the Sangay park. About 4–7 hours of an extremely muddy trail (knee-high rubber boots are recommended) leaves one at the refuge belonging to Hacienda Releche, which can be rented. The refuge has many beds, and a kitchen. To hike to the lake is another 1.5h - 2 hours from the refuge across a valley and up a steep hill.

List of peaks

The nine peaks of El Altar, starting with the highest summit on the south side and proceeding counterclockwise:

Peak name

Translation

Elevation

Direction from lake

First ascent

Obispo

Bishop

5319|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

South

July 7, 1963, Ferdinando Gaspard, Marino Tremonti, Claudio Zardini

Monja Grande

Great Nun

5160|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

Southeast

August 17, 1968, Bill Ross and Margaret Young

Monja Chica

Small Nun

5080|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

East-Southeast

January 16, 1971, Peter Bednar and party

Tabernáculo

Tabernacle

5180|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

East

Fraile Oriental

Eastern Friar

5060|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

East-Northeast

Fraile Beato

Devout Friar

5050|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

East-Northeast

Fraile Central

Central Friar

5070|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

Northeast

Fraile Grande

Great Friar

5180|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

North-Northeast

December 1, 1972, Lorenzo Lorenzi, Armando Perron, Marino Tremonti

Canónigo

Canon

5260|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

North

March 7, 1965, Ferdinando Gaspard, Lorenzo Lorenzi, Marino Tremonti, Claudio Zardini

See also

References

1. ^¹²"Ecuador: 15 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater" Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
2. ^Neate, Jill. Mountaineering in the Andes: A Sourcebook for Climbers. Royal Geographical Society, 1994, p.26.
3. ^Kichwa Yachakukkunapa Shimiyuk Kamu (Ministry of Education, Ecuador) (Kichwa-Spanish dictionary), 2009
4. ^Miñaca Rea Silvia Patricia, Vallejo Lara Vicente Orlando, Diseño de paquetes turísticos para el Nevado Los Altares por el sector Inguisay, Universidad de Chimborazo, 2010 (in Spanish)
5. ^The New International Encyclopaedia Volume 1 ed Frank Moore Colby, Talcott Williams 1918 Page 618 "The northern group, mainly comprised in Ecuador, is the most imposing collection of active and extinct volcanoes on earth. ... The Altar, a truncated mountain, 17,736 feet in height, is said to have once been the highest in the region"
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://gethighonaltitude.com/2018/01/17/el-altar/|title=El Altar, The Modern Italian Route|first=Chris|last=Comair|date=17 January 2018|website=Gethighonaltitude.com|accessdate=26 March 2019}}

Sources

{{cite book | last = Brain | first = Yossi | title = Ecuador: A Climbing Guide | publisher = Mountaineers Books | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-89886-729-0 | page= 192 pp }}

{{cite book | last = Hall | first = Minard L. | title = El Volcanismo en el Ecuador | publisher = Sección Nacional del Ecuador | year = 1977 | isbn = | page= 120 pp }} (in Spanish)

{{cite book | last = Biggar | first = John | title = The Andes: A Guide for Climbers (3rd ed.) | publisher = Andes Publishing (Scotland) | year = 2005 | url=http://www.andes.org.uk/ | isbn = 0-9536087-2-7 | page= 304 pp }}