| 词条 | Fort Augustus |
| 释义 |
|country = Scotland |official_name = Fort Augustus |scots_name = |gaelic_name = Cille Chuimein[1] |static_image_name = Fort Augustus - geograph.org.uk - 685236.jpg |static_image_caption = A road in Fort Augustus |population = 646 |os_grid_reference = NH37909 |map_type = Inverness |coordinates = {{coord|57.14319|-4.68066|display=inline,title}} |unitary_scotland = Highland |lieutenancy_scotland = |constituency_westminster = Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey |constituency_scottish_parliament = Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch |constituency_scottish_parliament2 = Highlands and Islands |post_town = Fort Augustus |postcode_district = PH32 4 |postcode_area = PH |dial_code = 01320 }} Fort Augustus is a settlement in the parish of Boleskine and Abertarff, at the south-west end of Loch Ness, Scottish Highlands. The village has a population of around 646 (2001).[2] Its economy is heavily reliant on tourism. HistoryThe Gaelic name for the modern village is {{lang|gd|Cille Chuimein}} and until the early 18th century the settlement was called Kiliwhimin. It was renamed Fort Augustus after the Jacobite Rising of 1715. The accepted etymology is that the settlement was originally named after Saint Cummein of Iona who built a church there.[3] Other suggestions are that it was originally called {{lang|gd|Ku Chuimein}} after one of two abbots of Iona of the Comyn clan, whose badge {{lang|gd|Lus mhic Chuimein}} refers to the cumin plant,[4] or that it was called {{lang|gd|Cill a' Chuimein}} ("Comyn's Burialplace") after the last Comyn in Lochaber.[5] In the aftermath of the Jacobite rising in 1715, General Wade built a fort (taking from 1729 until 1742) which was named after the Duke of Cumberland. Wade had planned to build a town around the new barracks and call it Wadesburgh.[6] The settlement grew, and eventually took the name of this fort. The fort was captured by the Jacobites in March 1746, just prior to the Battle of Culloden. In 1867, the fort was sold to the Lovat family, and in 1876 they passed the site and land to the Benedictine order. The monks established Fort Augustus Abbey and later a school. The school operated until 1993 when it closed owing to changing educational patterns in Scotland causing a decline in enrollment. The monks employed Tony Harmsworth[7] to devise a rescue package which saw the site converted into the largest private heritage centre in Scotland which operated between 1994 and 1998,[8] however the heritage centre failed to generate sufficient profit to maintain the buildings. In 1998 the monks abandoned the site, and it reverted to the Lovat family which in turn sold it to Terry Nutkins. He also owned the Lovat Hotel[9] that stands on the site of the old Kilwhimen Barracks, one of four built in 1718. This site houses the west curtain wall of the old Fort, intact with gun embrasures. The Lovat was originally built as the local Station Hotel. Infrastructure{{see also|Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway}}The village was served by a rail line from Spean Bridge to a terminus on the banks of Loch Ness from 1903 until 1933, built by the North British Railway, but initially operated by the Highland Railway. The Caledonian Canal connecting Fort William to Inverness passes through Fort Augustus in a dramatic series of locks stepping down to Loch Ness. The village is served by the Cill Chuimein Medical Centre.[10] The village has both a primary school and a secondary school – Kilchuimen Primary School and Kilchuimen Academy – which share a campus. ClimateAs with most of the British Isles and Scotland, Fort Augustus has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with cool summers and mild winters. Like a lot of the surrounding area, sunshine levels are low at around 1,000 hours per annum and temperatures are unpredictable – Fort Augustus holds the UK's joint lowest May temperature record of {{convert|-9.4|C|F}}.[11] This is the latest point in the run up to summer that such a low temperature has been recorded, suggesting it can become a frost trap on calm clear nights due to its valley location. That same low lying topography can also give rise to some high temperatures on occasion – Fort Augustus held the UK daily high temperature record for 16 December for almost 80 years.[12] {{Weather box| width = 86.5% | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Fort Augustus (23 m asl, averages 1981–2010) | Jan high C = 6.0 | Feb high C = 6.5 | Mar high C = 8.5 | Apr high C = 11.4 | May high C = 14.6 | Jun high C = 16.7 | Jul high C = 18.7 | Aug high C = 18.3 | Sep high C = 15.7 | Oct high C = 11.7 | Nov high C = 8.5 | Dec high C = 6.0 | year high C = | Jan low C = 0.7 | Feb low C = 0.8 | Mar low C = 1.9 | Apr low C = 3.4 | May low C = 5.9 | Jun low C = 8.8 | Jul low C = 10.9 | Aug low C = 10.5 | Sep low C = 8.5 | Oct low C = 5.6 | Nov low C = 2.7 | Dec low C = 0.4 | year low C = | Jan rain mm = 187.3 | Feb rain mm = 129.8 | Mar rain mm = 127.9 | Apr rain mm = 64.1 | May rain mm = 63.5 | Jun rain mm = 62.6 | Jul rain mm = 66.6 | Aug rain mm = 83.0 | Sep rain mm = 112.3 | Oct rain mm = 144.6 | Nov rain mm = 137.8 | Dec rain mm = 156.9 | year rain mm = | unit rain days = 1 mm | Jan rain days = 18.1 | Feb rain days = 14.3 | Mar rain days = 17.0 | Apr rain days = 12.7 | May rain days = 12.5 | Jun rain days = 12.5 | Jul rain days = 13.2 | Aug rain days = 13.9 | Sep rain days = 15.9 | Oct rain days = 17.6 | Nov rain days = 16.9 | Dec rain days = 17.2 | year rain days = | Jan sun = 25.4 | Feb sun = 52.6 | Mar sun = 77.0 | Apr sun = 119.8 | May sun = 159.6 | Jun sun = 135.9 | Jul sun = 119.4 | Aug sun = 112.3 | Sep sun = 88.2 | Oct sun = 54.3 | Nov sun = 25.5 | Dec sun = 20.2 | year sun = | source = Met Office[13] }} Notable people
See also
References1. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=47| title=Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland database | publisher=Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba | accessdate=7 May 2016}} 2. ^www.highland.gov.uk {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041220234212/http://www.highland.gov.uk/plintra/iandr/cen/sz/fortaugustus.htm |date=20 December 2004 }} 3. ^am baile - Fort Augustus {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311123811/http://ambaile.org/en/item/item_illustration.jsp?item_id=18212 |date=11 March 2007 }} 4. ^Clan Comyn, Cumming 5. ^MacMillan 3 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928164056/http://www.cameron-site.com/Private%20Site/macmillan3.html |date=28 September 2007 }} 6. ^Caledonian Mercury 1 August 1727 7. ^ 8. ^Loch Ness, Nessie & Me (2011) 9. ^ 10. ^ICSH - Home {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312081011/http://www.streetwise-highland.org/list.asp?subject=5 |date=12 March 2007 }} 11. ^{{Cite web | publisher = TORRO | url= http://www.torro.org.uk/site/mintemps.php | title = May Temperature}} 12. ^{{Cite web | publisher = TORRO | url= http://www.torro.org.uk/site/hightempsyear.php | title = 1893 Temperature}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfhtjdb28 |title=Fort Augustus climate information |publisher=Met Office |access-date=30 March 2019}} External links{{Commons category|Fort Augustus}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Fort Augustus}}
2 : Populated places in Inverness committee area|Forts in Scotland |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。