| 词条 | Aerogram |
| 释义 |
An aerogram, aerogramme, aérogramme, air letter or airletter is a thin lightweight piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter for transit via airmail, in which the letter and envelope are one and the same. Most postal administrations forbid enclosures in these light letters, which are usually sent abroad at a preferential rate. Printed warnings existed to say that an enclosure would cause the mail to go at the higher letter rate. The use of the term aerogramme was officially endorsed at the 1952 Universal Postal Union Postal Union Congress in Brussels.[1] Thereafter, the term air letter quickly faded from use. Most aerograms have an imprinted stamp indicating the prepayment of postage. As such, this meets the definition of being postal stationery. However, some countries such as New Zealand, Zimbabwe and Ireland, sell unstamped aerograms. Unstamped aerograms are referred to as formular aerograms and can be issued by either postal authorities or by private companies. Senders are required to write their name and address on the reverse. HistoryThe aerogram was largely popularized by its use during the Second World War (1939–45). Lieutenant Colonel R. E. Evans, Royal Engineers, Assistant Director Army Postal Service Middle East Force (MEF), proposed that a lightweight self-sealing letter card that weighed only 1/10 oz be adopted by the British Army for air mail purposes. He recommended its use to Sir Anthony Eden, the Secretary of State for War during his visit to the Middle East, in late 1940. By January the following year, General Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, the Commander-in-Chief, MEF was told by Eden that "Your Assistant Director Army Postal Services may forthwith introduce an Air Mail Letter Card Service for the Middle East. Use British stamps from all countries, including Egypt.".[2] Evans first saw the air letter form in Iraq, whilst touring the Commands after his arrival in the Middle East theatre. It had been introduced into the Iraqi postal service in 1933 by the then Inspector General of Posts and Telegraphs, Major DW Grumbley CBE DSO Royal Engineers. The original form, on thin paper was 124mm x 99mm in size, greyish in colour, with bluelined framing and with the designation legend on the front. It had a beautifully impressed effigy of Faisal I of Iraq and was printed by Bradbury Wilkinson.[3] On 1 March 1941, the air mail service between the Middle East and the UK was started, using a combination of British Overseas Airways flying boats and military transport. The private nature of the air letter ensured its popularity among its users and that popularity, with its lightness, brought about its continued use as today's civilian air letter (aerograms) and the British military "bluey". (see British Forces Post Office for further information). On April 29, 1947, the US entered the scene with a 10 cent Air Letter Sheet. The same imprinted stamp with the propeller plane was used until updated with a jet airliner image in 1958. The US issued a total of 25 aerograms through 1999.[4] The production of United States aerograms has ceased.[5] Linn's Stamp News in late 2006 reported that the United States Postal Service had announced as the supply of aerograms on hand at post offices were exhausted the stock would not be replenished. It quotes David Failor, Postal Service executive director of stamp services as explaining, "Demand for these has been next to nothing for the past five years."[6] With the decline in postal communication,[7] Aerograms have been withdrawn from various postal services. While Royal Mail in the United Kingdom disbanded the aerogram in 2012{{cn|date=August 2018}}, they are still available from Australia Post.[8]{{Not in refs|date=August 2018}} Historically, as the aerogram was the least expensive form of international postal communication, users often went to extreme lengths to make best use of the space available including writing in different colours, in different directions, and printing on the sheets minimising font size and margins.{{cn|date=October 2018}} See also
References1. ^"The Evolution of the Postal Service in the Era of the UPU" by Jamie Gough in The London Philatelist, Vol.114, No. 1331, December 2005, pp.362-363. 2. ^{{cite book|publisher=Defence Postal & Courier Services, London|year=1987|author=Edward Wells|title='Mailshot – A history of the Forces Postal Services'}} 3. ^{{cite book|publisher=Journal of Institute of Royal Engineers, Chatham|year=1981|author=R Hudson|title='Royal Engineers Air Postal Engineering' – REJ Vol 95 No 2 p.117-120}} 4. ^Undersander, Dan, Ed.; Catalog of the 20th and 21st Century Stamped Envelopes and Wrappers of the United States, Third Edition, UPSS, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-9800112-8-9}}. 5. ^Airpost Journal: vol 78, no.2, February 2007 pub: American Air Mail Society 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://stampcollectingroundup.blogspot.com/2006/10/us-aerograms-to-disappear.html|title=The Stamp Collecting Round-Up: US aerograms to disappear|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/australia-post-posts-222m-loss-letter-posting-in-terminal-decline-20150925-gjup78.html|title=Australia Post delivers $222 million loss as letter posting in 'terminal decline'|first=Jenny|last=Wiggins|date=25 September 2015|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://shop.auspost.com.au/product/aerogramme-jan-billycan-design-6825402|title=Aerogramme - Jan Billycan design|website=Australia Post Shop|accessdate=18 August 2018}} Further reading
External links{{commons category|Aerogrammes}}
3 : Airmail|Postal stationery|Philatelic terminology |
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