词条 | Giaour |
释义 |
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica described the term as follows: {{quote|Giaour (a Turkish adaptation of the Persian gdwr or gbr, an infidel), a word used by the Turks to describe all who are not Muslims, with especial reference to Christians. The word, first employed as a term of contempt and reproach, has become general and in many cases when was use was use as an insult.During the era of the Ottoman Tanzimat reforms (1839-1876), the use of the term gavur (infidel) by Muslims for non-Muslims in a derogatory manner was prohibited to prevent problems occurring in social relationships.[3] European cultural references
See also{{Wiktionary|giaour}}
Notes1. ^{{cite book|author=Speros Vryonis|title=The Turkish State and History: Clio Meets the Grey Wolf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTFpAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Institute for Balkan Studies|isbn=978-0-89241-532-8|quote=The Turkish term "giaour" a term of contempt, was applied to these Balkan Christians,}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&pg=PA44|date=13 June 2013|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-25076-5|page=44|quote=In the Ottoman defters, Orthodox Christians are as a rule recorded as kâfir or gâvur (infidels) or (u)rum.}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Gawrych|first=George|title=The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913|year=2006|location=London|publisher=IB Tauris|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+crescent+and+the+eagle:+Ottoman+rule,+Islam+and+the+Albanians,+1874-1913+lexicon&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT94zl8ebXAhWJT7wKHYRLADEQ6AEIJjAA#v=snippet&q=gavur&f=false|isbn=9781845112875|pages=16.|ref=harv}} References
5 : Islam-related slurs|Turkish words and phrases|Ethno-cultural designations|Christianity in the Ottoman Empire|Non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire |
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