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Scholars' rocks can be any color, and contrasting colors are not uncommon. The size of the stone can also be quite varied: scholars' rocks can weigh either hundreds of pounds or less than one pound.[2] The term also identifies stones which are placed in traditional Chinese gardens. HistoryIn the Tang dynasty, a set of four important qualities for the rocks were recognized. They are: thinness (shou), openness (tou), perforations (lou), and wrinkling (zhou).[1] Chinese scholar's rocks influenced the development of Korean suseok and Japanese suiseki.[3] SourcesThere are three main Chinese sources for these stones.
The geological conditions needed for the formation of stones are also present at some other sites.[7][8] FormationScholar's stones are generally karstic limestone. Limestone is water-soluble under some conditions.[9] Dissolution pitting dissolves hollows in the limestone. On a larger scale, this causes speleogenesis (when caves dissolve in limestone bedrock). On a still larger scale, the dissolved caves collapse, gradually creating karst topography, such as the famous landscapes of Guilin in the South China Karst. As rocks are broadly fractal (geology journals require a scale to be included in images of rocks), the small rocks can resemble the larger landscape. AestheticsThe aesthetics of a scholar's rock is based on subtleties of color, shape, markings, surface, and sound. Prized qualities include:
The stone may be displayed on a rosewood pedestal that has been carved specifically for the stone. The stones are a traditional subject of Chinese paintings.[12] GallerySee also
References1. ^1 2 Metropolitan Museum of Art, "The World of Scholars' Rocks Gardens, Studios, and Paintings"; retrieved 2012-12-20. 2. ^Harvard Shanghai Center, "Scholar Stone"; retrieved 2012-12-20. 3. ^Brokaw, Charles. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T51TNiU9460C&pg=PA73&dq= The Temple Mount Code, p. 73]. 4. ^1 Cousins, Craig. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=7w-arIGpmfEC&pg=PA246&dq= Bonsai Master Class, p. 246]. 5. ^Lingbi Stone and Asian Art Collection. (2014) 6. ^Cousins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7w-arIGpmfEC&pg=PA247&dq= p. 247]. 7. ^https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70020774 8. ^https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261680877_Underwater_dissolutional_pitting_on_dolostones_Lake_Huron-Georgian_bay_Ontario 9. ^https://www.nps.gov/cave/planyourvisit/upload/cave_geology.pdf 10. ^1 2 3 4 Mendelson, John. "Chinese scholars' rocks simultaneously original and simulacrum" at ArtNet.com, 1996; retrieved 2012-12-20> 11. ^{{Cite news | last = Smith | first = Roberta | title = ART REVIEW;Old Chinese Rocks: Rorschach Blots In 3 Dimensions | work = New York Times | accessdate = 2014-07-10 | date = 1996-05-31 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/31/arts/art-review-old-chinese-rocks-rorschach-blots-in-3-dimensions.html}} 12. ^Harvard Museums, "Scholar's rock", 1993 painting; Linrothe, Robert N. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tJpRtgkYEKkC&pg=PA24&dq= Paradise and Plumage: Chinese Connections in Tibetan Arhat Painting, p. 24]; retrieved 2012-12-20. Further reading
External links{{Commons category-inline|Scholar's rocks}}
6 : Outdoor sculptures in China|Chinese art|Chinese gardening styles|Landscape design history of China|Rock art in China|Garden ornaments |
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