| 词条 | Great Ormond Street Hospital |
| 释义 |
| Name = Great Ormond Street Hospital | Org/Group = Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust | Image = Great Ormond Street Hospital.jpg | Caption = The view along Great Ormond Street | Logo = | Location = Great Ormond Street | Region = London | State = | Country = England | HealthCare = National Health Service | Type = Teaching | Speciality = Children's hospital | Emergency = No | Affiliation= University College London | Beds = 389 | Founded = 1852 | Closed = | Coordinates= {{coord|51.5225|N|0.1205|W|display=inline,title|region:GB_scale:2000}} | Website = {{url|www.gosh.nhs.uk}} | Wiki-Links = | map_type = United Kingdom London Camden | map_caption = Shown in Camden |}} Great Ormond Street Hospital (informally GOSH or Great Ormond Street, formerly the Hospital for Sick Children) is a children's hospital located in the Bloomsbury area of the London Borough of Camden, and a part of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust. The hospital is the largest centre for child heart surgery in the UK and one of the largest centres for heart transplantation in the world. In 1962 they developed the first heart and lung bypass machine for children. With children's book author Roald Dahl, they developed an improved shunt valve for children with water on the brain (hydrocephalus), and non-invasive (percutaneous) heart valve replacements. They did the first UK clinical trials of the rubella vaccine, and the first bone marrow transplant and gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency.[1] It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and in partnership with the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, which is adjacent to it, is the largest centre for research and postgraduate teaching in children's health in Europe.[2] In 1929, J. M. Barrie donated the copyright to Peter Pan to the hospital. HistoryOriginsThe Hospital for Sick Children was founded on 14 February 1852 after a long campaign by Dr. Charles West, and was the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for children.[3] Despite opening with just 10 beds, it grew into one of the world's leading children's hospitals through the patronage of Queen Victoria, counting Charles Dickens, a personal friend of the Chief Physician Dr West, as one of its first fundraisers. The Nurses League was formed in February 1937.[4] NationalisationGreat Ormond Street Hospital was nationalised in 1948, becoming part of the National Health Service. During the early years of the NHS, private fundraising for the hospital was heavily restricted, though the hospital was permitted to continue to receiving pre-existing legacies.[5] Audrey Callaghan, wife of James Callaghan (prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979), served the hospital as Chairman of the Board of Governors from 1968 to 1972 and then as Chairman of the Special Trustees from 1983 until her final retirement in 1990.[6] Diana, Princess of Wales, served as president of the Hospital from 1989 until her death. A plaque at the entrance of the hospital commemorates her services.[7]1990sThe Charles West School of Nursing transferred from Great Ormond Street to London South Bank University in 1995.[8] 2000sIn 2002 Great Ormond Street Hospital commenced a redevelopment programme which is budgeted at £343 million and the next phase of which was scheduled to be complete by the end of 2016.[9] In July 2012, Great Ormond Street Hospital was featured in the opening ceremony of the London Summer Olympics.[10][11][12] In 2017 Great Ormond Street Hospital was subject to international attention regarding the Charlie Gard treatment controversy.[13][14][15] ArchivesThe hospital's archives are available for research under the terms of the Public Records Act 1958 and a catalogue is available on request.[16] Admission records from 1852 to 1914 have been made available online on the Historic Hospital Admission Records Project.[17] St. Christopher's Chapel{{main|St Christopher's Chapel, Great Ormond Street Hospital}}St. Christopher's Chapel is a chapel decorated in the Byzantine style and Grade II* listed building located in the Variety Club Building of the hospital. Designed by Edward Middleton Barry (son of the architect Sir Charles Barry who designed the Houses of Parliament) and built in 1875, it is dedicated to the memory of Caroline Barry, wife of William Henry Barry (eldest son of Sir Charles Barry) who provided the £40,000 required to build the Chapel and a stipend for the chaplain.[18] It was built in "elaborate Franco-Italianate style". As the chapel exists to provide pastoral care to ill children and their families, many of its details refer to childhood.The stained glass depicts the Nativity, the childhood of Christ and biblical scenes related to children. The dome depicts a pelican pecking at her breast in order to feed her young with drops of her own blood, a traditional symbol of Christ's sacrifice for humanity.[19] When the old hospital was being demolished in the late 1980s, the chapel was moved to its present location via a 'concrete raft' to prevent any damage en route. The stained glass and furniture were temporarily removed for restoration and repair. It was reopened along with the new Variety Club Building on 14 February 1994 by Diana, Princess of Wales, then president of the hospital.[20] Peter Pan copyrightIn April 1929 the hospital was the recipient of playwright J. M. Barrie's copyright to the Peter Pan works, with the provision that the income from this source not be disclosed. This gave the institution control of the rights to these works, and entitled it to royalties from any performance or publication of the play and derivative works. Four theatrical feature films were produced,[21] innumerable performances of the play have been presented, and numerous editions of the novel were published under licence from the hospital. Its trustees commissioned a sequel novel, Peter Pan in Scarlet, which was published in 2006 and received mixed reviews,[22][23] with a film adaptation planned.[24][25] When the copyright first expired at the end of 1987 in the UK, 50 years after Barrie's death, the UK government's Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988[26] granted the hospital a perpetual right to collect royalties for public performances, commercial publication, or other communications to the public of the work but this does not constitute a true copyright. When copyright term itself was subsequently extended to the author's life plus 70 years by a European Union directive in 1996 standardising terms throughout the EU, GOSH revived its copyright of Peter Pan which then expired in 2007. The terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act now prevail in the UK. GOSH has been in legal disputes in the United States, where the copyright term is based on date of publication, putting the 1911 novel in the public domain, although the Hospital asserts that the 1928 version of the play is still under copyright in the US.[27] Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's CharityThe hospital has relied on charitable support since it first opened. One of the main sources for this support is Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. Whilst the NHS meets the day-to-day running costs of the hospital, the fundraising income allows Great Ormond Street Hospital to remain at the forefront of child healthcare.[28] The charity aims to raise over £50 million every year to complete the next two phases of redevelopment, as well as provide substantially more fundraising directly for research. The charity also purchases up-to-date equipment, and provides accommodation for families and staff.[29][30] Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity was one of the charities that benefited from the national Jeans for Genes campaign, which encourages people across the UK to wear their jeans and make a donation to help children affected by genetic disorders. All Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity's proceeds from the campaign went to its research partner, the UCL Institute of Child Health.[31] On 6 August 2009, Arsenal F.C. confirmed that Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity was to be their 'charity of the season' for the 2009–10 season. They raised over £800,000 for a new lung function unit at the hospital.[32] Two charity singles have been released in aid of the hospital. In 1987, "The Wishing Well", recorded by an ensemble line-up including Boy George, Peter Cox and Dollar amongst others became a top 30 hit.[33] In 2009, The X Factor finalists covered Michael Jackson's "You Are Not Alone" in aid of the charity, reaching No.1 in the UK Charts.[34] On 30 March 2010, Channel 4 staged the first Channel 4's Comedy Gala at the O2 Arena in London, in aid of the charity. The event has been repeated every year since, raising money for Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity each time.[35] In 2011, Daniel Boys recorded a charity single called 'The World Is Something You Can Imagine'. It was also released as with proceeds going to the Disney Appeal at Great Ormond Street Hospital.[36] Notable staff
See also
References1. ^Breakthroughs {{cite web |url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/breakthroughs |title=Archived copy |accessdate=21 January 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127184719/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/breakthroughs |archivedate=27 January 2016 }} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/britains-best-hospitals-a-patients-guide-798352.html|title=Britain's best hospitals: A patients' guide|accessdate=13 October 2016|publisher=The Independent|date=20 March 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008055659/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/britains-best-hospitals-a-patients-guide-798352.html|archivedate=8 October 2016}} 3. ^Kevin Telfer (2008). The remarkable story of Great Ormond Street Hospital. Simon & Schuster. p11 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosnursesleague.org/aboutus.php|title=www.gosnursesleague.org|accessdate=25 September 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908080749/http://www.gosnursesleague.org/aboutus.php|archivedate=8 September 2010}} 5. ^[https://www.gosh.org/about-us/our-history Official history] Retrieved 14 February 2019 6. ^Kevin Telfer (2008). The remarkable story of Great Ormond Street Hospital. Simon & Schuster. p58 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/video/interior-shots-princess-diana-unveiling-plaque-at-newly-news-footage/646873086|title=Princess Diana unveils plaque at Great Ormond Street Hospital|publisher=Getty Images|accessdate=14 April 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/complete-history-of-gosh/|title=Complete history of GOSH|accessdate=5 January 2012|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116024221/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/complete-history-of-gosh/|archivedate=16 November 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/gen/redevelopment/whats-happening-now/the-buildings/the-new-clinical-building-phase-2b/|title=The New Clinical Building (Phase 2B)|accessdate=20 June 2013|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=World's media lavishes praise on Olympic opening ceremony|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jul/28/world-media-london-olympic-opening-ceremony|website=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=27 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118144658/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jul/28/world-media-london-olympic-opening-ceremony|archivedate=18 January 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Incredible honour for Great Ormond Street Hospital at London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/press-releases/2012-press-release-archive/incredible-honour-great-ormond-street-hospital-london-2012-olympic-opening-ceremony|website=Great Ormond Street Hospital|publisher=UK NHS/ UK Government|accessdate=27 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213075540/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/press-releases/2012-press-release-archive/incredible-honour-great-ormond-street-hospital-london-2012-olympic-opening-ceremony|archivedate=13 February 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Birrel|first1=Ian|title=The London 2012 opening ceremony, and a night that set NHS reform back years|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2183440/London-2012-opening-ceremony-The-night-set-NHS-reform-years.html|website=Mail Online|publisher=Daily Mail|accessdate=27 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120815064336/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article%2D2183440/London%2D2012%2Dopening%2Dceremony%2DThe%2Dnight%2Dset%2DNHS%2Dreform%2Dyears.html|archivedate=15 August 2012}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=London's Great Ormond Street Hospital seeks new hearing for critically ill Charlie Gard|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-baby-idUSKBN19S2HB|accessdate=9 July 2017|publisher=Reuters|date=7 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708234301/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-baby-idUSKBN19S2HB|archivedate=8 July 2017}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/03/donald-trump-offers-help-for-terminally-ill-baby-charlie-gard|title=Donald Trump offers help for terminally ill baby Charlie Gard|date=3 July 2017|work=The Guardian|last2=Pidd|first2=Helen|last1=Jacobs|first1=Ben|accessdate=9 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708174203/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/03/donald-trump-offers-help-for-terminally-ill-baby-charlie-gard|archivedate=8 July 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/03/health/charlie-gard-trump-pope-bn/index.html|title=Pope and Trump offer support to Charlie Gard|last=Clarke|first=Hilary|date=3 July 2017|work=CNN|accessdate=9 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708225247/http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/03/health/charlie-gard-trump-pope-bn/index.html|archivedate=8 July 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/archive-service/|title=Archives|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517152227/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/archive-service/|archivedate=17 May 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://hharp.org/|title=Historic Hospital Admission Records Project|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801042208/http://hharp.org/|archivedate=1 August 2012}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Ian Visits GOSH|url=http://www.ianvisits.co.uk/blog/2011/12/11/gasp-at-the-splendour-of-st-christophers-chapel-inside-gosh/|website=Ian Visits|accessdate=5 December 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220224116/http://www.ianvisits.co.uk/blog/2011/12/11/gasp-at-the-splendour-of-st-christophers-chapel-inside-gosh/|archivedate=20 December 2014}} 19. ^{{English Heritage List entry |num= 1113211 |desc= Great Ormond Street Hospital Chapel in Central Block |grade= |accessdate=16 June 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web|last1=Lunnon|first1=Raymond J.|title=The Chapel of St. Christopher|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/file/720/download?token=H5GcApmc|website=Great Ormond Street Hospital|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust|accessdate=16 June 2017|format=pdf|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213075540/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/file/720/download?token=H5GcApmc|archivedate=13 February 2018}} 21. ^{{peterphile|films_based_on_Peter_Pan}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/07/featuresreviews.guardianreview25|author=Philip Ardagh|title=Return to Neverland|date=8 October 2006|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313212605/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/07/featuresreviews.guardianreview25|archivedate=13 March 2016}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/peter-pan-in-scarlet-by-geraldine-mccaughrean-419224.html|author=Nicola Smyth|title=The Boys are back in town|date=8 October 2006|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142707/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/peter-pan-in-scarlet-by-geraldine-mccaughrean-419224.html|archivedate=24 September 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.headline-pictures.co.uk/news/articles/1|title=Headline Pictures » Headline Pictures secures film and TV rights to PETER PAN IN SCARLET|first=Presence Multimedia|last=Ltd|website=www.headline-pictures.co.uk|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111060922/http://www.headline-pictures.co.uk/news/articles/1|archivedate=11 January 2007}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6190975.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Entertainment – BBC backs Peter Pan sequel film|website=news.bbc.co.uk|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125232853/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6190975.stm|archivedate=25 January 2007}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/301/data.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113123016/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/301|deadurl=y|title=Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988|first=Expert|last=Participation|archivedate=13 November 2012|website=www.legislation.gov.uk}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/peterpan/copyright/publishing/|title=Copyright|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703053649/http://www.gosh.org/peterpan/copyright/publishing/|archivedate=3 July 2010}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/about_us/index.html |title=GOSH.org |accessdate=25 July 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720130347/http://www.gosh.org/about_us/index.html |archivedate=20 July 2007 |deadurl=yes }} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/gen/redevelopment/whats-happening-now/|title=What's happening now|accessdate=24 June 2013|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813072910/http://www.gosh.org/gen/redevelopment/whats-happening-now/|archivedate=13 August 2013}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/gen/why-we-need-your-help/|title=Why we need your help|accessdate=24 June 2013|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708172233/http://www.gosh.org/gen/why-we-need-your-help/|archivedate=8 July 2013}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://fundraising.co.uk/2006/05/23/jeans-genes-set-independent-charity/#.WtHsY4jwYdU|title=Jeans for Genes to set up as independent charity|publisher=UK Fundraising|accessdate=14 April 2018}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/the-club/community/charity|title=Arsenal.com|accessdate=30 March 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510220914/http://www.arsenal.com/the-club/community/charity|archivedate=10 May 2012}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=G.O.S.H. – Full Official Chart History|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/24588/g-o-s-h-/|website=Official Charts Company|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=20 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215144617/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/24588/g-o-s-h-/|archivedate=15 February 2016}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=X Factor Finalists 2009 – Full Official Chart History|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5921/x-factor-finalists-2009/|website=Official Charts Company|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=20 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215144628/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5921/x-factor-finalists-2009/|archivedate=15 February 2016}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theo2.co.uk/events/detail/channel-4s-comedy-gala-1|title=Channel 4's Comedy Gala|publisher=The O2|accessdate=14 April 2018}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.gosh.org/our-charity/the-world-is-something-you-imagine-single-in-aid-of-great-ormond-street-hospital/|date=23 May 2011|title="The World Is Something You Imagine" for our Disney Appeal|publisher=gosh.org|accessdate=24 April 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425003007/http://blog.gosh.org/our-charity/the-world-is-something-you-imagine-single-in-aid-of-great-ormond-street-hospital/|archivedate=25 April 2014}} External links{{Commons category}}
8 : Hospital buildings completed in 1852|Hospitals established in 1852|Children's hospitals in the United Kingdom|Great Ormond Street Hospital|NHS hospitals in London|Buildings and structures in Bloomsbury|Health in the London Borough of Camden|1852 establishments in England |
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