“HMS Gurkha (G63)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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HMS Gurkha (G63)

释义

Construction and design
Service history
Citations
References

{{Other ships|HMS Gurkha}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}{{Use British English|date=November 2016}}{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image =

Ship caption = HMS Gurkha sinking after being torpedoed
}}{{Infobox ship career

Hide header =

Ship country = United Kingdom

UK|naval}}

Ship name = HMS Gurkha

Ship owner =

Ship namesake = Gurkha

Ship ordered = 31 March 1938

Ship builder = Cammell Laird & Co Ltd, Birkenhead

Ship laid down = 18 October 1938

Ship launched = 8 July 1940

Ship acquired =

Ship commissioned = 18 February 1941

Ship decommissioned =

Ship in service =

Ship out of service =

Ship struck =

Ship reinstated =

Ship honours =

Ship identification= pennant number: G63

Ship fate = Sunk, 17 January 1942

Ship status =

Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship type=L-class destroyer

1920|LT|t|abbr=on}} (standard)

{{convert|2660|LT|t|abbr=on}} (deep)

362|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}} o/a

37|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}

10|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}

48000|shp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}

Ship propulsion=*2 × shafts

2 × Parsons geared steam turbines
2 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers

36|kn|lk=in}}

5500|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|15|kn}}

Ship complement=190

Ship sensors=*ASDIC

Type 285 anti-aircraft (AA) radar

Ship armament=*4 × 2 - QF 4-inch Mk XVI dual purpose guns

1 × 4 - QF 2-pounder Mk VIII anti-aircraft guns
2 × 1 - QF 20 mm Oerlikon guns
2 × 2 - QF .5-inch Vickers Mk III anti-aircraft machine guns
2 × 4 - {{convert|21|inch|mm|sing=on|0}} torpedo tubes
110 × depth charges, 2 rails and 8 throwers

}}

HMS Gurkha was an L-class destroyer in Britain's Royal Navy during World War II. She was originally to be named Larne in line with her class letter. However after the {{sclass2-|Tribal|destroyer (1936)|0}} {{HMS|Gurkha|F20|2}} was sunk in April 1940 the officers and men of the Gurkha regiments each subscribed one day's pay to replace her and Larne was renamed before launching.

Her only commanding officer (Commander Charles Nugent Lentaigne) was brother of Joe Lentaigne who was an officer in the 4th (Prince of Wales' Own) Gurkhas.

Construction and design

On 31 March 1938 an order was placed with Cammell Laird for Larne, one of eight L-class destroyers ordered that day and was laid down on 18 October 1938, the first of her class.^[1] In April 1940, the Tribal-class destroyer {{HMS|Gurkha|F20|2}} was sunk off Norway, and in June it was decided to rename Larne as Gurkha to continue the relationship between the ship and the Gurkha Regiment.^[2] She was launched on 8 July 1940^[1] by Mary, daughter of Winston Churchill.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

The L class was intended to have a main gun armament of six QF 4.7 inch Mark XI guns in three enclosed twin Mark XX mounts, but delays in production of the new gun mount resulted in the July 1940 decision to complete four of the class, including Gurkha, with a revised main gun armament of eight QF {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on}} Mk XVI naval guns in four twin mounts.^[1]^[3] Close-in anti-aircraft armament consisted of a single quadruple 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom", two single 20 mm cannon and two quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun mounts. Eight {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes were carried in two quadruple mounts.^[4] 110 depth charges were carried.^[1]^[5]

Gurkha reached a speed of {{convert|33.73|kn}} on sea trials and was completed on 18 February 1941.^[6]

Service history

On commissioning, Gurkha joined the 11th Escort Group.^[7] On 25 March 1941, the steamer Beaverbrae was sunk by German bombers and Gurkha, together with the destroyer {{HMS|Tartar|F43|2}} rescued Beaverbrae{{'}}s crew. While returning to Scapa Flow the next day, Gurkha collided with a wooden drifter, sinking the fishing boat and sustaining serious damage. She was under repair at Rosyth until June 1941.^[7]^[8]

Following repair, Gurkha was deployed on convoy escort duties in the Western Approaches.^[2] She guarded Malta Convoys (1941), destroyed the Italian submarine {{ship|Italian submarine|Adua||2}}, and guarded United Kingdom to Gibraltar convoys.

She was torpedoed by {{GS|U-133|1941|2}} off Sidi Barrani on 17 January 1942 and sank after 90 minutes. The surviving crew members were saved by the Dutch destroyer {{ship|HNLMS|Isaac Sweers||2}}.

{{coord|31|50|N|26|15|E|display=title}}^[9]

Citations

1. ^¹²³English 2001, p. 100.
2. ^¹{{cite web|last=Mason|first=Geoffrey|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-41L-HMS_Gurkha2-ex-Larne.htm|title=HMS GURKHA (ii) (G 63, ex-Larne) - L-class Destroyer|work=Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2|publisher=naval.history.net|date=5 August 2011|accessdate=21 June 2014}}
3. ^Whitley 2000, p. 122.
4. ^Lenton 1970, pp. 128–129.
5. ^Gardiner and Chesneau 1980, p. 41.
6. ^English 2001, pp. 100–101.
7. ^¹English 2001, p. 104.
8. ^{{cite web|last1=Kindell|first1=Don|title=Naval Events, March 1941 (Part 2 of 2): Saturday 15th - Monday 31st|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4103-30MAR02.htm|work=British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day |publisher=naval-history.net|accessdate=21 June 2014|date=7 April 2012}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4464.html |title=HMS Gurkha (II)(G63) of the Royal Navy |publisher=U Boat.net |accessdate=18 January 2013}}

References

{{cite book|last=Blair|first=Clay|title=Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942|year=2000|publisher=Cassell & Co|location=London|isbn=0-304-35260-8}}
{{cite book|last=English|first=John|title=Afridi to Nizam: British Fleet Destroyers 1937–43|year=2001|location=Gravesend, UK|publisher=World Ship Society|id= {{Listed Invalid ISBN|0-905617-95-0}}}}
{{cite book|editor-last1=Gardiner|editor-first1=Robert|editor-last2=Chesneau|editor-first2=Roger|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|year=1980|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
{{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H.T.|title=British Fleet and Escort Destroyers Volume One|year=1970|publisher=Macdonald & Co.|location=London|isbn=0-356-02950-6}}
{{cite book|last1=Rohwer|first1=Jürgen|last2=Hümmelchen|first2=Gerhard|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945|year=1992|publisher=Greenhill Books|location=London|isbn=1-85367-117-7}}
{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Peter C.|title=Fighting Flotilla: RN Laforey Class Destroyers in WW2|edition=2nd|year=2010|publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84884-273-1}}
{{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War : An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Cassell & Co.|location=London|year=2000|isbn=1-85409-521-8}}

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