词条 | Alexandre Colonna-Walewski |
释义 |
Alexandre Florian Joseph, Count Colonna-Walewski ({{lang-pl|Aleksander Florian Józef Colonna-Walewski}}; 4 May 1810{{snd}}27 September 1868), was a Polish and French politician and diplomat. Walewski was widely rumoured to be the (unacknowledged) illegitimate son of Napoleon I by his mistress, Countess Marie Walewska, although her husband (Athanasius, Count Walewski) legally acknowledged him as his own son. In 2013, published scholarship comparing DNA haplotype evidence taken from Emperor Napoleon, from his brother King Jérôme Bonaparte's descendant Charles, Prince Napoléon and from Colonna-Walewski's descendant indicated Alexandre's membership in the genetic male-line of the imperial House of Bonaparte.[1] BiographyWalewski was born at Walewice, near Warsaw in Poland. Aged fourteen, he rebelled by refusing to join the Imperial Russian army and fled to London, thence to Paris where the French government refused Tsar Alexander I's demands for his extradition to Russia.[2] Upon the accession of Louis-Philippe d'Orléans to the French throne in 1830, Walewski was dispatched to Poland, later the same year being entrusted by the leaders of the Polish November Uprising of 1830 as a diplomatic envoy to the Court of St James's. After the Fall of Warsaw, he took out letters of French naturalization and joined the French army, seeing action in Algeria as a captain in the Chasseurs d'Afrique of the French Foreign Legion. In 1837 he resigned his commission to begin writing plays and for the press. He is said to have collaborated with the elder Dumas on Mademoiselle de Belle-Isle and a comedy of his, L'Ecole du monde, was produced at the Theâtre Français in 1840.[2] Later that year Thiers, also a man of letters, became patron to one of Walewski's papers, Le Messager des Chambres, before sending him on a mission to Egypt. Under Guizot's government Walewski was posted to Buenos Aires to liaise with the British ambassador, John Cradock, 1st Baron Howden. Prince Louis Napoleon's accession to power in France as Napoleon III furthered his career with postings as envoy extraordinary to Florence and the Kingdom of Naples before London (1851–55), where he was charged with announcing the coup d'état to the prime minister, Lord Palmerston.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} In 1855, Walewski succeeded Drouyn de Lhuys as Minister of Foreign Affairs and he acted as French plenipotentiary at the Congress of Paris the following year. As foreign minister, Walewski advocated entente with Russia, opposing his emperor's adventurous strategy in Italy which led to war with Austria in 1859. After leaving the Foreign Ministry in 1860 he became France's Minister of State, an office which he held until 1863. He served as senator from 1855 to 1865, before being appointed to the Corps Législatif in 1865 and as president of the Chamber of Deputies by the Emperor, who returned him to the Senate after a revolt against his authority two years later.[2] Walewski was created a duke in 1866,[3] was elected a member of the Académie des beaux-arts, appointed Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur and made a Knight of Malta, also receiving the Gold Cross of Virtuti Militari. Alexandre Walewski died of a stroke at Strasbourg on 27 September 1868 and is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. DescendantsHe married on 1 December 1831 Lady Catherine Montagu (1808–1833), daughter of George, 6th Earl of Sandwich by his wife Lady Louisa Lowry-Corry. Following her death, he married secondly, on 4 June 1846 in Florence, Maria Anna, daughter of the Papal Count Zanobi di Ricci by his wife Princess Isabella Poniatowski. He also fathered a son by the actress Rachel Felix in 1844.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} He had seven children, two from his first marriage, four from his second marriage, and one illegitimate.
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Alexandre Florian Joseph, Count Colonna-Walewski |2= 2. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French |3= 3. Countess Maria Łączyńska |4= 4. Carlo Buonaparte |5= 5. Letizia Ramolino |6= 6. Count Mateusz Łączyński, Starosta of Gostyń |7= 7. Eva Zaborowska |8= 8. Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte |9= 9. Maria Saveria Paravicini |10= 10. Giovanni Geronimo Ramolino |11= 11. Angela Maria Pietrasanta |12= 12. Antoni Laczynski |13= 13. Konstancja Stempkowska |16= 16. Sebastiano Nicolo Buonaparte |17= 17. Maria-Anna Tusoli di Bocognano |18= 18. Giuseppe Maria Paravicini |19= 19. Maria-Angela Salineri |20= 20. Giovanni-Agostino Ramolino |21= 21. Angela-Maria Peri |22= 22. Giuseppe Pietrasanta |23= 23. Maria Giuseppa Malerba |24= 24. Jozef Laczynski |25= 25. Helena Zusanna Niemojewska }} Works
References1. ^{{cite journal |last1=Lucotte |first1=Gérard |last2=Macé |first2=Jacques |last3=Hrechdakian |first3=Peter |last-author-amp=yes |journal=International Journal of Sciences |volume=2 |number=9 |pages=127–139 |url=http://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130935.pdf |title=Reconstruction of the Lineage Y Chromosome Haplotype of Napoléon the First |date=September 2013 |issn=2305-3925 |publisher=Alkhaer Publications}} 2. ^1 2 {{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna|volume=28|page=270}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634529/Alexandre-Florian-Joseph-Colonna-Count-Walewski|title=Alexandre-Florian-Joseph Colonna, Count Walewski|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.burkespeerage.com/|title=Burke’s Peerage - The Official Website|work=burkespeerage.com}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.walewski.org/filiation.htm|title=La famille Colonna-Walewski|work=walewski.org}}
External links{{Commons category|Alexandre Colonna-Walewski}}
21 : 1810 births|1868 deaths|People from Łowicz County|Counts of Poland|House of Bonaparte|Counts Colonna-Walewski|Princes Colonna-Walewski|19th-century French diplomats|French Foreign Ministers|Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery|Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom|French people of Polish descent|November Uprising participants|Polish emigrants to France|Officers of the French Foreign Legion|Illegitimate children of French monarchs|Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur|Gold Crosses of the Virtuti Militari|Knights of Malta|Walewski|State ministers of France |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。