| 词条 | James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Most Honourable | name = The Marquess of Salisbury | honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|PC|sep=,|size=100}} | image = James Brownlow William Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury Eddis.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | order1 = Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal | term_start1 = 27 February 1852 | term_end1 = 17 December 1852 | monarch1 = Victoria | primeminister1 = The Earl of Derby | predecessor1 = The Earl of Minto | successor1 = The Duke of Argyll | order2 = Lord President of the Council | term_start2 = 26 February 1858 | term_end2 = 11 June 1859 | monarch2 = Victoria | primeminister2 = The Earl of Derby | predecessor2 = The Earl Granville | successor2 = The Earl Granville |birth_name=James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil |office3 = Member of Parliament for Hertford |term_start3 = 1817 |term_end3 = 1823 |predecessor3 = Hon. Edward Spencer Cowper |successor3 = Thomas Byron |office14 = Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis |term_start14 = 1813 |term_end14 = 1817 |predecessor14 = Hon. Edward Spencer Cowper |successor14 = Adolphus Dalrymple |office15 = Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal |term_start15 = 13 June 1823 |term_end15 = 12 April 1868 Hereditary Peerage |predecessor15 = The 1st Marquess of Salisbury |successor15 = The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury | birth_date = {{birth-date|17 April 1791|}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death-date and age|12 April 1868|17 April 1791}} | death_place = | nationality = British | party = Conservative | alma_mater = | spouse = (1) Frances Gascoyne (c. 1806–1839) (2) Lady Mary Sackville-West (1824–1900) }} James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|PC}} (17 April 1791 – 12 April 1868), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1823, was a British Conservative politician. He held office under the Earl of Derby as Lord Privy Seal in 1852 and Lord President of the Council between 1858 and 1859. He was the father of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and grandfather of Arthur Balfour, who also served as Prime Minister. BackgroundSalisbury was the son of James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, and Lady Emily Mary Hill, daughter of Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire.[1] Political careerSalisbury entered the House of Commons in 1813 as Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, a seat he held until 1817,[2] and then sat for Hertford between 1817 and 1823.[3] In the latter year he succeeded his father in the marquessate and entered the House of Lords. He served in the Earl of Derby's first two cabinets as Lord Privy Seal in 1852[4] and as Lord President of the Council between 1858 and 1859.[5] He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1826[6] and made a Knight of the Garter in 1842.[7] Apart from his political career he also served as titular Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex between 1841 and 1868.[8] FamilyLord Salisbury was married twice. His first marriage was on 2 February 1821 to Frances Mary Gascoyne (born 25 January 1802, died 15 October 1839), daughter of Bamber Gascoyne of Childwall Hall, Lancashire, and his wife Sarah Bridget Frances Price. A biography of her by Carola Oman appeared in 1966.[9] The couple had six children, including:
Lord Salisbury's second marriage, on 29 April 1847, was to Lady Mary Catherine Sackville-West, daughter of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr and Elizabeth Sackville-West, Countess De La Warr, with whom he had five children:
Lord Salisbury died in April 1868, aged 76, and was succeeded as marquess by his third, eldest surviving son, Robert. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in December 1900.[1] Styles of address
External links
References1. ^1 thepeerage.com Sir James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury {{s-start}}{{s-par|uk}}{{succession box2. ^leighrayment.com House of Commons: West Lothian to Widnes 3. ^leighrayment.com House of Commons: Hertford to Honiton 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=21296 |date=27 February 1852 |page=634}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=22103 |date=26 February 1858 |page=1019}} 6. ^leighrayment.com Privy Counsellors 1679–1835 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=20090 |date=12 April 1842 |page=1017}} 8. ^leighrayment.com Peerage: Saatchi to Sandys 9. ^The Gascoyne Heiress: The Life and Diaries of Frances Mary Gascoyne-Cecil, 1802-39 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1968). Retrieved 7 August 2012. | title = Member of Parliament for {{nowrap|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis}} | with = John Murray | with2 = Masterton Ure | with3 = Christopher Idle | before = Sir John Murray Thomas Wallace John Broadhurst Henry Trail | after = John Murray Masterton Ure Christopher Idle Adolphus Dalrymple | years = 1813–1817 }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Hertford | with = Nicolson Calvert | before = Edward Cowper Nicolson Calvert | after = Nicolson Calvert Thomas Byron | years = 1817–1823 }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title=Lord Privy Seal | before=The Earl of Minto | after=The Duke of Argyll | years=1852}}{{succession box | title=Lord President of the Council | before=The Earl Granville | after=The Earl Granville | years=1858–1859}}{{s-hon}}{{succession box | before=The Duke of Portland | title=Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex | years=1841–1868 | after=The Duke of Wellington}}{{s-reg|gb}}{{succession box | title=Marquess of Salisbury | before=James Cecil | after=Robert Gascoyne-Cecil | years=1823–1868 }}{{s-end}}{{Marquesses of Salisbury}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Salisbury, James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of}} 15 : 1791 births|1868 deaths|Marquesses of Salisbury|Tory MPs (pre-1834)|Knights of the Garter|Lord-Lieutenants of Middlesex|Lord Presidents of the Council|Lords Privy Seal|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|UK MPs 1812–18|UK MPs 1818–20|UK MPs 1820–26|Cecil family|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Parents of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom |
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