| 词条 | Janine Haines |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = Janine Haines | honorific-suffix = AM | image = | office = 2nd Leader of the Australian Democrats | deputy = Michael Macklin | term_start = 18 August 1986 | term_end = 24 March 1990 | predecessor = Don Chipp | successor = Michael Macklin | office1 = 2nd Deputy Leader of the Australian Democrats | leader1 = Don Chipp | term_start1 = 20 August 1985 | term_end1 = 18 August 1986 | predecessor1 = Jack Evans | successor1 = Michael Macklin | office2 = Senator for South Australia | term_start3 = 14 December 1977 | term_end3 = 30 June 1978 | predecessor3 = Steele Hall | successor3 = Ron Elstob | term_start2 = 1 July 1981 | term_end2 = 1 March 1990 | predecessor2 = Condor Laucke | successor2 = Meg Lees | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1945|5|8}} | birth_place = Tanunda, South Australia, Australia | birth_name = Janine Winton Carter | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|11|20|1945|5|8}} | death_place = Adelaide, South Australia, Australia | nationality = | spouse = {{marriage|Ian Haines |1967|2004|reason={{abbr|wid.|widowed; her death}}}} | party = Democrat (after 1977) | otherparty = Liberal Movement (until 1976) | relations = | children = 2 | residence = | education = Brighton High School | alma_mater = University of Adelaide University of South Australia | occupation = School teacher (Department of Education) | profession = Academic Politician | religion = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}Janine Winton Haines, AM (née Carter, 8 May 1945 – 20 November 2004) was an Australian politician who was a Senator for South Australia from 1977 to 1978 and again from 1981 to 1990. She represented the Australian Democrats, and served as the party's leader from 1986 to 1990, becoming the first female federal parliamentary leader of an Australian political party. She was pivotal in "shaping the Australian Democrats into a powerful political entity that held the balance of power in the Senate".[1] LifeShe was born in Tanunda, South Australia, to a schoolteacher mother and policeman father, and travelled around South Australia with her parents and younger brother, due to her father's job.[1] They eventually settled in Adelaide and she attended Brighton High School. She married Ian Haines, whom she met at University of Adelaide where they were both studying mathematics, in 1967. They had two daughters, Melanie and Bronwyn. She taught English part-time and commenced an MA thesis on the poet Shaw Neilson but this was interrupted when she suffered a severe whiplash injury in a car accident.[1] She died in 2004, at age 59, from a degenerative neurological condition, and was honoured with a state funeral in Adelaide.[2] Political careerShe became the assistant of Robin Millhouse, an important player in the South Australian conservative party the Liberal and Country League. Millhouse founded the Liberal Movement and the short-lived New LM which merged into the Australian Democrats in 1977. She was appointed to fill a casual vacancy in the Senate by the Parliament of South Australia, on the nomination of Labor premier Don Dunstan, on 14 December 1977.[5] As a result of the 1977 Referendum the appointment was required to be from the same party as the resigning Senator, "unless there is no member of that party available to be chosen or appointed". Steele Hall, who had been elected as a representative of the former Liberal Movement. Controversially, Dunstan chose to nominate Haines, who had been third on the Liberal Movement ticket from which Hall had been elected in 1975.[1][3] Haines was not a member of the Liberal Movement at the time of her appointment, with the party dissolving in 1976. A majority of Liberal Movement members, including Hall and second on the ticket, Michael Wilson, joined the Liberal Party, while Haines joined the Democrats.[4] Haines did not contest the Australian federal election, 1977,[5] and her Senate term expired on 30 June 1978. She was elected for a six-year term at the Australian federal election, 1980.[6] On 14 August 1986, she was chosen by Democrats members as Senate leader on the retirement of inaugural leader Don Chipp.[4] She remained Senate leader until resigning to contest the House of Representatives seat of Kingston in the March 1990 election, believing the Democrats needed a "high profile lower house presence".[1] She was unsuccessful in the face of a negative campaign waged against her by both major parties.[7] She was succeeded as interim Senate leader for several months by deputy Dr Michael Macklin (Qld), pending the customary election of a new leader by party members, at which Janet Powell was successful. Later careerAfter leaving parliament she worked in a number of public positions including being president of the Australia Privacy Charter Council and deputy chancellor of the University of Adelaide.[1] Haines was invested with membership of the Order of Australia (AM) on 11 June 2001. Haines wrote a book Suffrage to Sufferance: One Hundred Years of Women in Politics (Allen and Unwin, North Sydney, 1992, {{ISBN|1-86373-365-5}}) which has been a prescribed text in universities and schools. Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 Murphy (2004) p. 36 2. ^The Age, 23 November 2004 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1975/1975senatesa.txt |title=1975 Senate election: South Australia |work=Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://biography.senate.gov.au/haines-janine/ |title=Haines, Janine (1945–2004) |work=The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate |publisher=Parliament of Australia}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1977/1977senatesa.txt |title=1977 Senate election: South Australia |work=Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1980/1980senatesa.txt |title=1980 Senate election: South Australia |work=Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1990/1990repssa.txt |title=1990 House of Representatives election: South Australia |work=Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive}} References
External links
before=Don Chipp| title=Leader of the Australian Democrats| years=1986–1990| after=Michael Macklin }}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Haines, Janine}} 11 : 1945 births|2004 deaths|Australian Democrats members of the Parliament of Australia|Members of the Australian Senate|Members of the Australian Senate for South Australia|Members of the Order of Australia|People from Tanunda, South Australia|Women members of the Australian Senate|Leaders of the Australian Democrats|20th-century Australian politicians|20th-century women politicians |
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