| 词条 | Alfred Hershey |
| 释义 |
|image = Alfred Hershey.jpg |image_size = 150px |caption = Alfred D. Hershey in 1953 |birth_name = Alfred Day Hershey |birth_date = {{birth date|1908|12|04}} |birth_place = Owosso, Michigan |death_date = {{death date and age|1997|5|22|1908|12|04}} |death_place = Syosset, New York |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = United States |ethnicity = |field = Bacteriology, genetics, DNA |work_institutions = |alma_mater = Michigan State University |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Proof of DNA as genetic material of life |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (1958) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1969) |religion = Christian[1] |footnotes = |signature = }} Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 – May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize–winning bacteriologist and geneticist. He was born in Owosso, Michigan and received his B.S. in chemistry at Michigan State University in 1930 and his Ph.D. in bacteriology in 1934, taking a position shortly thereafter at the Department of Bacteriology at Washington University in St. Louis. He began performing experiments with bacteriophages with Italian-American Salvador Luria, German Max Delbrück, Indian-Canadian Adam Hasnain, and Serbian Mila Huhtala in 1940, and observed that when two different strains of bacteriophage have infected the same bacteria, the two viruses may exchange genetic information. He moved with his research partner Martha Chase to Laurel Hollow, New York, in 1950 to join the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Genetics, where he and Martha Chase performed the famous Hershey–Chase experiment in 1952. This experiment provided additional evidence that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material of life. Notable post-doctoral fellows in Hershey's lab include Anna Marie Skalka. He became director of the Carnegie Institution in 1962 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969, shared with Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück for their discovery on the replication of viruses and their genetic structure. In 1981, Hershey became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[2] Hershey had 1 child, Peter Manning Hershey (1956-1999) with his wife Harriet (often called Jill) (1918-2000). The family was active in the social network of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories and regularly enjoyed the beach in season. Hershey was a Christian.[1] After Hershey died, another phage worker, Frank Stahl, wrote: "The Phage Church, as we were sometimes called (see Phage group), was led by the Trinity of Delbrück, Luria, and Hershey. Delbrück's status as founder and his ex cathedra manner made him the pope, of course, and Luria was the hard-working, socially sensitive priest-confessor. And Al (Hershey) was the saint."[3] Notes1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15659493|title=Alfred Day Hershey (1908-1997) - Find A Grave...|author=|date=|website=www.findagrave.com|accessdate=9 April 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web | title = About Us | publisher = World Cultural Council | url = http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/about-us/ | accessdate = November 8, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/ahershey.html|title=Biographical Memoirs Home|first=National Academy of Sciences -|last=http://www.nasonline.org|date=|website=www.nap.edu|accessdate=9 April 2018}} References
|last=Stahl |first=F W |authorlink= |year=2001|title=Alfred Day Hershey |journal=Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=80 |issue= |pages=142–59 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = | pmid = 15202470 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|doi=10.4065/79.5.590 |last=Shampo |first=Marc A |authorlink= |author2=Kyle Robert A |date=May 2004 |title=Alfred Hershey--Nobel Prize for work in virology |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=590 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0025-6196| pmid = 15132399 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Shampo |first=M A |authorlink= |author2=Kyle R A |date=November 1999 |title=Max Delbrück and molecular genetics |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=74 |issue=11 |pages=1124 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0025-6196| pmid = 10560600 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi=10.4065/74.11.1124
|last=Raju |first=T N |authorlink= |date=August 1999 |title=The Nobel chronicles. 1969: Max Delbrück (1906-81); Salvador Luria (1912-91); and Alfred Hershey (1908-97) |journal=Lancet |volume=354 |issue=9180 |pages=784 |publisher= |location = ENGLAND| issn = 0140-6736| pmid = 10475234 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76036-0
|last=Campbell |first=A |authorlink= |author2=Stahl F W |year=1998|title=Alfred D. Hershey |journal=Annu. Rev. Genet. |volume=32 |issue= 1|pages=1–6 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0066-4197| pmid = 9928472 |doi = 10.1146/annurev.genet.32.1.1 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Stahl |first=F W |authorlink= |date=May 1998 |title=Hershey |journal=Genetics |volume=149 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0016-6731| pmid = 9584081 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=1460125
|last=Cairns |first=J |authorlink= |date=July 1997 |title=Alfred Hershey (1908-97) |journal=Nature |volume=388 |issue=6638 |pages=130 |publisher= |location = ENGLAND| issn = 0028-0836| pmid = 9217149 |doi = 10.1038/40529 | bibcode = 1997Natur.388..130.| oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|date=February 1970 |title=[Nobel prize winners of 1969] |journal=Orvosi Hetilap |volume=111 |issue=8 |pages=453–5 |publisher= |location = HUNGARY| issn = 0030-6002| pmid = 4906087 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Datta |first=R K |authorlink= |author2=Datta B |date=December 1969 |title=Nobel prize winners in medicine |journal=Journal of the Indian Medical Association |volume=53 |issue=12 |pages=610–1 |publisher= |location = INDIA| issn = 0019-5847| pmid = 4903713 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=de Haan |first=P G |authorlink= |date=December 1969 |title=[Delbrück, Hershey and Luria, Nobel Prize winners] |journal=Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde |volume=113 |issue=49 |pages=2198–9 |publisher= |location = NETHERLANDS| issn = 0028-2162| pmid = 4903007 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Malmgren |first=B |authorlink= |date=October 1969 |title=[The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to 3 bacteriophage researchers] |journal=Nordisk medicin |volume=82 |issue=44 |pages=1369–75 |publisher= |location = Sweden| issn = 0029-1420| pmid = 4903832 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = External links
16 : 1908 births|1997 deaths|20th-century American chemists|American geneticists|American Nobel laureates|Founding members of the World Cultural Council|Phage workers|Michigan State University alumni|Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|People from Cold Spring Harbor, New York|People from Owosso, Michigan|Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research|Washington University in St. Louis faculty|People from Syosset, New York|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Scientists from New York (state) |
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