| 词条 | Kawanishi E11K | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Kawanishi E11K was a Japanese flying boat of the 1930s. It was designed as a night reconnaissance aircraft for the Imperial Japanese Navy, but was not accepted, the two aircraft built being used as transports as the Type 96 Transport Flying Boat during the Second World War. Development and designIn 1936 the Imperial Japanese Navy drew up a requirement for an aircraft to replace the Aichi Type 96 Reconnaissance Seaplane as a specialised night reconnaissance aircraft, intended to spot naval gunfire in night actions and to shadow enemy forces at night, allowing submarines to be directed to targets.[1] The requirement was passed to Aichi and Kawanishi, with both companies producing aircraft to meet the navy's needs. While Aichi produced a biplane similar to the aircraft that was to be replaced, Kawanishi designed a gull winged cantilever monoplane. It was powered by a single pusher Hiro Type 91 w engine strut mounted above the wing driving a four-bladed propeller, with its radiator mounted in a fairing above the rear fuselage so that it was located in the propeller's slipstream. It was fitted with retractable wingtip floats, while its wings folded to aid storage aboard the cruisers of the Japanese Navy.[2][3] The first of two prototypes of Kawanishi's design, the Experimental 11-Shi Special Reconnaissance Seaplane,{{ref label|Note1|a|a}} with the short designation E11K, made its maiden flight on 11 June 1937. It proved to have poor stability and water handling, while the engine installation overheated. It was unsuitable for the night reconnaissance role, with the Aichi design proving generally superior and being ordered into production as the Aichi E11A.[1] Operational historyThe two prototypes were fitted with retractable beaching gear, in order to serve as a utility transport aircraft, and was accepted into service by the Japanese Navy as the Type 96 Transport.{{ref label|Note2|b|b}} These aircraft were used as liaison aircraft for reconnaissance seaplane squadrons and remained in use well into the Second World War.[1][4] Specifications{{Aircraft specs|ref=Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941[5] |prime units?= met |genhide= |crew= 3 |capacity= |length m= 11.90 |length ft= |length in= |length note= |span m= 16.19 |span ft= |span in= |span note= |height m= 4.504 |height ft= |height in= |height note= (Transport aircraft 4.40 m (14 ft 5.25 in)) |wing area sqm= 38 |wing area sqft= |wing area note= |aspect ratio= |airfoil= |empty weight kg= 2170 |empty weight lb= |empty weight note= (Transport aircraft 2,720 kg (5,996 lb)) |gross weight kg= 3300 |gross weight lb= |gross weight note= (Transport aircraft 3,860 kg (8,509 lb)) |max takeoff weight kg= |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity= |lift note= |more general=
See also{{aircontent|see also= |related= |similar aircraft=
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References
1. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=139.}} 2. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|pp=139–140.}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Green|1968|p=129.}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Green|1968|p=130.}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=140.}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe 1990|pp=2, 286.}}
External links{{commons category}}
6 : Japanese military reconnaissance aircraft 1930–1939|Flying boats|Kawanishi aircraft|Single-engined pusher aircraft|High-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1937 |
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