| 词条 | Alpena, Michigan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Alpena, Michigan |native_name = |settlement_type = City |nickname = A-Town |motto = Warm and Friendly Port |image_skyline = Lighthouse_at_Alpena_MI_2005-09.jpeg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = The Alpena Light at the Alpena Municipal Marina |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_shield = |image_map = Alpena_County_Michigan_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Alpena_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Alpena within Alpena County, Michigan |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Michigan |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Alpena |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Matt Waligora |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Animickee |established_date = 1840 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = Alpena |established_date3 = 1871 |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = [1] |area_total_km2 = 22.94 |area_total_sq_mi = 8.86 |area_land_km2 = 21.16 |area_land_sq_mi = 8.17 |area_water_km2 = 1.77 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.69 |area_water_percent = 7.48 |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_footnotes = [2] |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 10297 |pop_est_as_of = 2017 |population_note = |population_total = 10483 |population_density_km2 = 472.39 |population_density_sq_mi = 1223.47 |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates = {{coord|45|3|42|N|83|25|58|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 180 |elevation_ft = 591 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 49707 |area_code = 989 |website = alpena.mi.us |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 26-01740[2] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0620017[3] |footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = [5] |unit_pref = Imperial }} Alpena {{IPAc-en|æ|l|ˈ|p|iː|n|ə}} is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Alpena County.[4] It is considered to be part of northern Michigan. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary is located in the city. The population was 10,483 at the 2010 census. The population swells with a large number of visitors in the summer. Despite its small population, it is by far the largest city in the sparsely populated Northeast Michigan (lower peninsula) area, serving as its commercial and cultural hub. It is considered to be one of the two anchor cities of Northern Michigan, along with Traverse City. MidMichigan Health is a federally designated rural regional medical referral center, and is the largest employer in the city.[5] History{{see also|History of Northern Michigan}}It was originally part of Anomickee County founded in 1840, which in 1843 was changed to Alpena, a pseudo-Native American word — a neologism coined by Henry Schoolcraft, meaning something like "a good partridge country."[6][9][7] This was part of a much larger effort to rename a great many of the Michigan counties at the time.[8] The region, known as the "Sunrise Side" from its location on the east shoreline of Michigan, was first a site of commercial fishing activity and is still home to extensive commercial fishing activities. Later the region, like much of Michigan, was shaped by the logging era of the 1800s. Today, Alpena is known for its limestone quarry, one of the largest in the world, owned and operated by the Lafarge corporation and is a major cement manufacturer and exporter. While at one time the largest in the world, the cement plant is now just the largest cement plant for Lafarge in North America with an annual capacity of almost 3 million tons of cement.[9] Alpena is also the world headquarters of Besser Company, a manufacturer of concrete block machines. Tourism (fishing, hunting, camping and a variety of water sports) is also important to Alpena's economy. Most of the city was lost in the Great Michigan Fire of 1871.[10] Less than one year later, on July 12, 1872, Alpena was hit by another fire, the largest in its history, which destroyed 15 acres of homes and businesses[11] for a total amount of 65 buildings.[12] The blaze started in a barn and lasted for two hours, killing at least four people and causing at least $180,000 in damages.[13][14][15] Alpena was again hit by a disastrous fire on July 11, 1888.[14][15] In February 2007 Bizjournals ranked Alpena as the hottest retirement destination in the Great Lakes area[16] and #44 nationally.[17] The city has a number of notable buildings, including the Art deco Alpena County Courthouse, the I.O.O.F. Centennial Building, and Temple Beth El, one of the oldest synagogues in the United States. Geography and climateAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|9.23|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|8.54|sqmi|sqkm|2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.69|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[18] The city is on the shore of Lake Huron's Thunder Bay, with Alpena Township surrounding it on land. Access to natural resources and water transportation has been important in development of the community. Light stations and lighthouses[19][20] surround Alpena.[21] Several islands off the coast in Thunder Bay are part of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge, and Scarecrow Island is part of the Michigan Islands Wilderness Area. Charity, Little Charity, Scarecrow, and Thunder Bay Islands form the Lake Huron division of the Michigan Islands NWR. There are lighthouses on Charity (abandoned) and Thunder Bay Islands. {{Weather box|single line= yes |collapsed= yes |location= Alpena County Regional Airport, Michigan (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1916–present) |Jan record high F= 62 |Feb record high F= 65 |Mar record high F= 87 |Apr record high F= 90 |May record high F= 94 |Jun record high F= 104 |Jul record high F= 106 |Aug record high F= 102 |Sep record high F= 99 |Oct record high F= 90 |Nov record high F= 77 |Dec record high F= 65 |year record high F=106 |Jan high F= 26.8 |Feb high F= 29.3 |Mar high F= 38.3 |Apr high F= 52.3 |May high F= 64.5 |Jun high F= 74.5 |Jul high F= 79.4 |Aug high F= 77.0 |Sep high F= 68.9 |Oct high F= 55.9 |Nov high F= 43.1 |Dec high F= 31.7 |year high F=53.5 |Jan low F= 11.5 |Feb low F= 11.4 |Mar low F= 19.2 |Apr low F= 31.0 |May low F= 40.5 |Jun low F= 49.7 |Jul low F= 55.3 |Aug low F= 53.7 |Sep low F= 46.5 |Oct low F= 36.4 |Nov low F= 28.3 |Dec low F= 18.4 |year low F=33.5 |Jan record low F= −28 |Feb record low F= −37 |Mar record low F= −27 |Apr record low F= −7 |May record low F= 20 |Jun record low F= 27 |Jul record low F= 34 |Aug record low F= 29 |Sep record low F= 23 |Oct record low F= 12 |Nov record low F= −6 |Dec record low F= −27 |year record low F=-37 |precipitation colour= green |Jan precipitation inch = 1.66 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.32 |Mar precipitation inch = 1.86 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.39 |May precipitation inch = 2.67 |Jun precipitation inch = 2.62 |Jul precipitation inch = 3.03 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.23 |Sep precipitation inch = 2.92 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.61 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.10 |Dec precipitation inch = 1.75 |year precipitation inch=28.16 |Jan snow inch = 21.3 |Feb snow inch = 17.5 |Mar snow inch = 12.2 |Apr snow inch = 5.8 |May snow inch = 0.2 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.4 |Nov snow inch = 7.7 |Dec snow inch = 19.2 |year snow inch= 84.3 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jan precipitation days = 14.9 |Feb precipitation days = 11.2 |Mar precipitation days = 11.2 |Apr precipitation days = 11.4 |May precipitation days = 11.8 |Jun precipitation days = 10.8 |Jul precipitation days = 10.5 |Aug precipitation days = 10.2 |Sep precipitation days = 12.0 |Oct precipitation days = 13.4 |Nov precipitation days = 13.8 |Dec precipitation days = 14.2 |year precipitation days=145.4 |Jan snow days = 15.7 |Feb snow days = 12.2 |Mar snow days = 8.0 |Apr snow days = 3.5 |May snow days = 0.3 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.8 |Nov snow days = 6.3 |Dec snow days = 13.6 |year snow days= 60.4 |Jan humidity = 76.2 |Feb humidity = 73.3 |Mar humidity = 71.6 |Apr humidity = 66.8 |May humidity = 66.0 |Jun humidity = 70.5 |Jul humidity = 71.0 |Aug humidity = 76.1 |Sep humidity = 78.5 |Oct humidity = 76.4 |Nov humidity = 78.2 |Dec humidity = 79.6 |year humidity = 73.7 |Jan sun = 108.8 |Feb sun = 133.5 |Mar sun = 195.5 |Apr sun = 222.9 |May sun = 279.5 |Jun sun = 294.6 |Jul sun = 316.9 |Aug sun = 257.1 |Sep sun = 193.9 |Oct sun = 143.5 |Nov sun = 82.8 |Dec sun = 73.9 |year sun = 2302.9 |Jan percentsun = 38 |Feb percentsun = 46 |Mar percentsun = 53 |Apr percentsun = 55 |May percentsun = 61 |Jun percentsun = 63 |Jul percentsun = 67 |Aug percentsun = 59 |Sep percentsun = 52 |Oct percentsun = 42 |Nov percentsun = 29 |Dec percentsun = 27 |year percentsun = 52 |source 1= NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[22][23][24] |date=February 2012}}{{Weather box |single line= yes |collapsed= yes |location= Alpena, Michigan (Water Treatment Plant near downtown), 1981–2010 normals |Jan high F= 27.9 |Feb high F= 29.6 |Mar high F= 37.3 |Apr high F= 50.0 |May high F= 61.2 |Jun high F= 71.5 |Jul high F= 77.0 |Aug high F= 76.0 |Sep high F= 68.3 |Oct high F= 55.8 |Nov high F= 43.5 |Dec high F= 32.5 |year high F=52.6 |Jan low F= 13.3 |Feb low F= 13.5 |Mar low F= 21.4 |Apr low F= 33.4 |May low F= 43.7 |Jun low F= 53.8 |Jul low F= 59.3 |Aug low F= 58.0 |Sep low F= 50.6 |Oct low F= 39.6 |Nov low F= 30.0 |Dec low F= 20.1 |year low F=36.4 |precipitation colour= green |Jan precipitation inch = 1.93 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.39 |Mar precipitation inch = 1.73 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.59 |May precipitation inch = 2.95 |Jun precipitation inch = 2.69 |Jul precipitation inch = 3.14 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.47 |Sep precipitation inch = 3.21 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.68 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.22 |Dec precipitation inch = 1.88 |year precipitation inch=29.88 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 16.9 |Feb precipitation days = 12.4 |Mar precipitation days = 10.7 |Apr precipitation days = 11.7 |May precipitation days = 12.8 |Jun precipitation days = 11.6 |Jul precipitation days = 10.9 |Aug precipitation days = 11.7 |Sep precipitation days = 13.0 |Oct precipitation days = 14.5 |Nov precipitation days = 14.9 |Dec precipitation days = 15.2 |year precipitation days=156.3 |source 1 = NOAA[25] }} TransportationAirAlpena County Regional Airport (IATA: APN, ICAO: KAPN, FAA LID: APN) is the northeast lower peninsula of Michigan's main commercial airport and handles daily Delta Connection flights to Detroit and Minneapolis/St. Paul operated by SkyWest Airlines. It is a public-use airport located in Wilson Township, Michigan six miles (10 km) west of the central business district of Alpena. The Michigan Air National Guard's Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center co-utilizes the airfield. RailAlpena is situated along the Lake State Railway, formerly the Detroit and Mackinac Railway (D&M).[26] Earlier railroads that served Alpena were built and owned by the Alger Smith and Co. logging company: (1) the Detroit, Bay City and Alpena Railroad, which entered Alpena from the south around 1886, and (2) the Alpena and Northern Railroad.[27] Bus
Major highways
Trails
Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 6153 |1890= 11283 |1900= 11802 |1910= 12706 |1920= 11101 |1930= 12166 |1940= 12808 |1950= 13135 |1960= 14682 |1970= 13805 |1980= 12214 |1990= 11354 |2000= 11304 |2010= 10483 |estyear=2017 |estimate=10297 |estref=[31] |footnote=source:[32] }} 2010 censusAs of the census[33] of 2010, there were 10,483 people, 4,734 households, and 2,565 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1227.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 5,278 housing units at an average density of {{convert|618.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.8% White, 0.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population. There were 4,734 households of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.8% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the city was 42.5 years. 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.9% were from 45 to 64; and 19.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female. 2000 censusAs of the census[34] of 2000, there were 11,304 people, 4,874 households, and 2,865 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,348.9 per square mile (520.8/km2). There were 5,200 housing units at an average density of 620.5 per square mile (239.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.66% White, 0.42% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population. There were 4,874 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city, the population was spread out with 23.0% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $30,353, and the median income for a family was $40,056. Males had a median income of $34,534 versus $21,951 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,476. About 10.4% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over. EducationAlpena, along with the rest of Alpena County and portions of Presque Isle County, is served by Alpena Public Schools. Alpena Public Schools was established as the first county-wide school district in the state of Michigan in 1963. The district has one high school, a junior high, an alternative/adult high school, and six elementary schools. The elementary schools are Besser, Ella White, Hinks, Lincoln, Sanborn, and Wilson Elementary Schools. Geographically, it is the largest school district in the Lower Peninsula, encompassing more than {{convert|620|sqmi|km2}}. There are two private schools in Alpena. All Saints Catholic School is affiliated with the four Roman Catholic parishes in the city (St. Anne's, St. Bernard's, St. John the Baptist and St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception) and provides preschool to 8th grade education. Immanuel Lutheran School is supported by the Immanuel Lutheran Church and has preschool to 8th grade classes. Alpena is also home to Alpena Community College. ACC is a two-year associates program that has partnerships with Spring Arbor University and several other Michigan institutions. Within Alpena Community College is the World Center for Concrete Technology (WCCT). The WCCT draws a worldwide enrollment of students for classes in Concrete Technology, including a Master Blockmakers Degree for 5-class-accomplished students. EconomyWhile tourism is an important component of the area's economy, both Alpena and Rogers City have an industrial base. In particular, Alpena is home to LafargeHolcim cement plant and to Besser Company (maker of a concrete block making machinery), as well as a drywall board manufacturing facility owned by Decorative Panels International. Rogers City is the location of the world's largest limestone quarry, which is used in steel making in the Great Lakes and Rust Belt regions. Alpena's primary shopping center is the Alpena Mall, the only enclosed shopping mall in the northeastern Lower Peninsula, featuring approximately 20 stores, with JCPenney and Gordon Food Service as the anchor stores.[35] Other retailers operate in this part of town and on M-32 west of town and south on US-23.{{efn-ua|There is a congregation of stores, including Home Depot, Meijer,[36] MC Sports,[37] and Walmart. Neiman's Family market, Kmart, and Big Lots are south on US-23.[38]{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}}} Alpena is also home to the Alpena Thunder hockey team. Historical markersThere are seven recognized historical markers in the city:[39]
Media
RadioAlpena is home to several radio stations. AM
FM
TelevisionAlpena is the third smallest (208) Nielsen Designated Market Area (DMA) in the United States. Television stations located within the Alpena DMA:
Cable only television:
Northeast Michigan is also served by selected major network affiliates from the Northern Michigan DMA, as well as CBC Television programming from CBMT-DT in Montreal. Cable television service is provided within Alpena and many outlying communities by Charter Communications. Local cultural institutions
Local libraries, museums and landmarks
Notable people{{div col}}
In popular culture
See also{{Portal|Michigan}}
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jan 3, 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alpenaregionalmedicalcenter.org/index.php|title=Alpena Regional Medical Center - Main|work=alpenaregionalmedicalcenter.org|access-date=2006-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514111549/http://www.alpenaregionalmedicalcenter.org/index.php|archive-date=2013-05-14|dead-url=yes|df=}} 6. ^{{cite journal |url=http://nelsonherron.tripod.com/family/alpena/placenames.htm |title=A History of the Place Names of Alpena County |journal=Wilderness Chronicle |issue=19–21 |date=1990–1991 |first1=Catherine |last1=Herron|first2=Nelston R. |last2=Herron|accessdate=January 18, 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://clarke.cmich.edu/resource_tab/bibliographies_of_clarke_library_material/michigan_local_history/county_material/alpena.html |publisher=Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University |title=Bibliography on Alpena County|accessdate=January 18, 2013}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--,00.html |title=Michigan government on place names |accessdate=January 18, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728130613/http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0%2C1607%2C7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--%2C00.html |archivedate=July 28, 2009 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.michmarkers.com/startup.asp?startpage=S0145.htm|title=Michigan Historical Markers|work=michmarkers.com}} 10. ^{{cite web |last1= Hanines |first1= D. A. |last2= Sando |first2= R. W. | title = Climatic Conditions Preceding Historically Great Fires in the North Central Region |publisher= United States Forest Service |at=Research Paper NC-34, Figure 1 |year= 1969 |url = http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rp/rp_nc034.pdf |format= PDF }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mialpena/HistDoc/townthat.htm |work=Stories of Alpena Life |title=The Town That Wouldn't Die: Alpena, Michigan |first1=Robert E. |last1=Haltiner |first2=Ann |last2=Tabe |accessdate=June 4, 2016 |publisher=Village Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0961777906}} 12. ^About Alpena argus. (Alpena, Mich.) 1893-1909. Chronicling America. Retrieved June 5, 2016. 13. ^{{cite book |last1=Viall |first1=John C. |year=1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/3119004.0001.001.umich.edu |title=Alpena: Dates of Early Events |location=Alpena, MI |publisher=The News |pages=8–9 |accessdate=June 5, 2016 |via=Internet Archive}} 14. ^1 {{Cite book | author= Jerlecki, Constance M. | title=Tales of Michigan II| publisher=Clinton Township, MI: Inland Expressions| year=2015| isbn=1939150108}} pp. 52–55. 15. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/15000944.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places, Registration Form |publisher=National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior |date=November 13, 2015 |pages=2–3 (Section 8) |format=PDF |accessdate=June 5, 2016}} 16. ^[https://archive.is/20070701072655/http://www.bizjournals.com/edit_special/48.html?page=2 Bizjournal retirement ranking, Great Lakes] 17. ^Bizjournal retirement ranking, national {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131221807/http://www.bizjournals.com/specials/pages/64.html |date=January 31, 2010 }} 18. ^{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-11-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-01-24 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite uscghist|MI}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/hal_mhc_shpo_lightmap_50933_7.pdf |title=Michigan Lighthouses |format=PDF |publisher=Michigan Department of State |author=National Park Service |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114191657/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/hal_mhc_shpo_lightmap_50933_7.pdf |archivedate=2008-01-14 }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lh-lighthouseclub.org/lights_001_034.htm |title=Lights_001 - Page: 34 of 47 |work=lh-lighthouseclub.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114043454/http://www.lh-lighthouseclub.org/lights_001_034.htm |archivedate=2016-01-14 |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web| url = http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=apx| title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data| publisher =National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = September 8, 2015}} 23. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00094849.normals.txt| title = MI Alpena CO RGNL AP| publisher =National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = September 8, 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72639.TXT| title = WMO Climate Normals for Alpena/Phelps Collins AP, MI 1961–1990| publisher =National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = September 8, 2015}} 25. ^{{cite web | url= ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00014814.normals.txt | title= Station Name: MI ALPENA WWTP | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-11}} 26. ^Detroit and Mackinac Railway pictures and history {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113102440/http://www.railroadmichigan.com/detroitmackinac.html |date=2016-01-13 }} 27. ^The tracks of older railroads have been removed and the roadbeds are now used by snowmobiles. Michigan Railroad history for Alpena. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724173202/http://www.michiganrailroads.com/RRHX/Stories/RailroadOriginsInAlpenaMI.htm |date=2013-07-24 }} 28. ^{{cite web|title=BAY CITY-ALPENA-CHEBOYGAN-ST. IGNACE |publisher=Indian Trails |date=March 19, 2013 |accessdate=2013-04-03 |url=http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1485.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724154150/http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1485.pdf |archivedate=July 24, 2013 |df= }} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/236626|title=Google Groups|work=keyhole.com}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wurlington-bros.com/Museum/45th/NAmer.html|title=45th Parallel North America|work=wurlington-bros.com}} 31. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208103743/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2006-02-08|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-01-19|df= }} 33. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-11-25}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.michigan.org/property/alpena-mall/ |title=Alpena Mall |publisher=Pure Michigan |accessdate=November 1, 2013}} 36. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/index.ssf/2015/05/new_meijer_store_opens_in_alpe.html |first1=Heather |last1=Jordan |title=New Meijer store opens in Alpena, brings 270 jobs |newspaper=Mlive |date=May 3, 2015 |accessdate=June 10, 2015}} 37. ^{{cite web |url=http://stores.mcsports.com/mi/alpena/214/ |title=MC Sports |accessdate=June 10, 2016}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.neimansfamilymarket.com/ |title=Neiman's Family Market |accessdate=June 10, 2016}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.michmarkers.com/Frameset.htm|title=Michigan Historical Markers|work=michmarkers.com|access-date=2008-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315141338/http://www.michmarkers.com/Frameset.htm|archive-date=2010-03-15|dead-url=yes|df=}} 40. ^The Alpena News 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thunderbaytheatre.com/|title=Thunder Bay Theatre Alpena Michigan Downtown Alpena Live Theatre Live Show|work=thunderbaytheatre.com}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alpenayachtclub.com/sailingschool.shtml |title=Alpena Yacht Club - Sailing School - Alpena, Michigan |work=alpenayachtclub.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113135157/http://www.alpenayachtclub.com/sailingschool.shtml |archivedate=2016-01-13 |df= }} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bessermuseum.org/|title=Home - Besser Museum|author=Neighbor Hub|work=bessermuseum.org}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thunderbay.noaa.gov/visit/welcome.html|title=Visiting Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary|work=noaa.gov}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northeasternmichiganonline.com/html/museums.html|title=Museums|work=northeasternmichiganonline.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624063347/http://www.northeasternmichiganonline.com/html/museums.html|archivedate=2016-06-24|df=}} 46. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8249245/Ten-famous-films-shot-in-Michigan.html?image=4 |title=Ten famous films shot in Michigan |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=January 16, 2019}} 47. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.michiganbusiness.org/499486/globalassets/documents/film/die_hard_2_tour_2.pdf |format=PDF |title=Die Hard 2 |publisher=Michigan Business forums |accessdate=January 16, 2019}} Citations{{reflist|30em}}External links{{commons category|Alpena, Michigan}}
6 : Cities in Alpena County, Michigan|County seats in Michigan|Populated places on Lake Huron in the United States|Micropolitan areas of Michigan|Populated places established in 1840|1840 establishments in Michigan |
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