| 词条 | Alphonse Chapanis |
| 释义 |
BiographyChapanis received a PhD in Psychology from Yale University in 1943.[2] He was notably active in improving aviation safety around the time of World War II, although his career covered a wide range of domains and applications. One of his major contributions was shape coding in the aircraft cockpit. After a series of runway crashes of the Boeing B-17, Chapanis found that certain cockpit controls were confused with each other, due partly to their proximity and similarity of shape. Particularly, the controls for flaps and landing gear were confused, the consequences of which could be severe. Chapanis proposed attaching a wheel to the end of the landing gear control and a triangle to the end of the flaps control, to enable them to be easily distinguished by touch alone. Thereafter for that aircraft there were no further instances of the landing gear being mistakenly raised while the aircraft was still on the ground.[3] This particular shape-coding of cockpit controls is still used today. In 1949 he published the first textbook on the subject of ergonomics, "Applied Experimental Psychology: Human Factors in Engineering Design."[4] In the 1950s, Chapanis worked with Bell Labs on the design of push-button telephone handsets, conducting experiments that led to the present layout of the keys.[5] See also{{Portal|Design}}
References1. ^Nick Joyce. (2013). "Alphonse Chapanis: Pioneer in the Application of Psychology to Engineering Design". Association for Psychological Science. 2. ^{{Cite news|title = Alphonse Chapanis, a Founder of Ergonomics, Dies at 85|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/15/obituaries/15CHAP.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 2002-10-15|access-date = 2016-02-10|issn = 0362-4331|first = Stuart|last = Lavietes}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title = Black Box Thinking|last = Syed|first = Mathew|publisher = Penguin Random House|year = 2015|isbn = 978-1-591-84822-6|location = |pages = 19}} 4. ^{{Cite news|title = Alphonse Chapanis, 85; Professor of Brain Sciences Pioneered the Field of Ergonomics|url = http://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/13/local/me-chapanis13|newspaper = Los Angeles Times|date = October 13, 2002|access-date = February 10, 2016|issn = 0458-3035|language = en-US|first = |last = }} 5. ^{{Cite journal|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=d-tPdHcBE9wC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=alphonse+chapanis&source=bl&ots=-2iYWNIq6L&sig=RZZCluvRGh600nAsXYHdEsvqFGg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi8tqvulO7KAhVE82MKHaIgBjQ4KBDoAQgtMAM#v=onepage&q=alphonse%20chapanis&f=false|title = Alphonse Chapanis: 'There are criteria that could be used to make things easier'|last = Dudek|first = Virginia|date = October 2, 1984|journal = PC Magazine|doi = |pmid = |access-date = February 10, 2016|page = 64}} Further reading
External links
4 : American industrial engineers|20th-century American engineers|1917 births|2002 deaths |
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