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词条 Spygate (conspiracy theory by Donald Trump)
释义

  1. Background

  2. Trump and his allies' allegations

      May 2018    June 2018  

  3. Reactions and criticism

      May 2018 allegations    June 2018 allegations  

  4. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Other uses|Spygate (disambiguation){{!}}Spygate}}{{quotefarm|date=February 2019}}

Spygate is a false[1][1][2] conspiracy theory[3][4][5][6] developed and popularized by United States president Donald Trump in May 2018 and June 2018, alleging that unidentified people in the Obama administration spied on Trump's 2016 presidential campaign in an effort to help his rival Hillary Clinton win the general election.

On May 22–23, 2018, Trump announced and elaborated, without providing evidence, on the existence of this conspiracy via his Twitter account, stating his belief that the previous administration under Barack Obama paid to plant a spy inside Trump's 2016 presidential campaign to assist Clinton to win the presidency.[2][7] An FBI informant had approached separately three Trump campaign advisers in 2016 in a covert effort to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, but as of June 7, 2018, no evidence has appeared indicating that this individual had joined Trump's campaign.[8]

Democratic (Adam Schiff) and Republican (Paul Ryan, Trey Gowdy, Tom Rooney, Richard Burr, Jeff Flake and Marco Rubio) Congressmen have dismissed Trump's May 2018 allegations as lacking evidence, and maintained that the FBI did not do anything improper.

In June 2018, Trump alleged that a counter-intelligence operation into the Trump campaign had been running since December 2015.[9] The House Intelligence Committee, then in Republican control, concluded in an April 2018 report that the FBI counterintelligence investigation of the Trump campaign began in late July 2016; meanwhile the February 2018 Nunes memo written by aides of Republicans on that committee also reached the same conclusion, as did the February 2018 rebuttal memo by Democrats on that committee.[12][13][14]

Background

Trump has been involved in the promotion of a number of conspiracy theories which have lacked meaningful substance. These have included promoting Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories from 2011, claiming that Ted Cruz's father was involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 2016, and claiming that he would have won the popular vote in the 2016 election (in addition to his electoral college win) if there had not been "millions" of illegal voters in that election cycle.[10][11] Trump also made his Trump Tower wiretapping allegations in 2017, for which the Department of Justice has said evidence has yet to be provided. In January 2018, Trump claimed that texts between FBI employees Peter Strzok and Lisa Page were tantamount to "treason", but the Wall Street Journal reviewed them and concluded that the texts "show no evidence of a conspiracy against" Trump.[12][13] Glenn Kessler, Salvador Rizzo and Meg Kelly, writing for The Washington Post, found that Trump has made over 3,000 false or misleading claims (including repeats) in the first 466 days of his presidency.[14][15]

According to NBC News, around July to August 2016, after Donald Trump had become the Republican nominee for president during the 2016 presidential election, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) "briefed and warned" Trump that foreign adversaries, which included Russia, would probably attempt to spy on and infiltrate his campaign. Trump was told to alert the FBI of any suspicious activity. White House spokesman Raj Shah acknowledged that "the Republican and Democrat nominee for president received a standardized briefing on counterintelligence" and said that NBC News learned "about the contents of this classified conversation due to an inappropriate leak".[16]

In early February 2018, the Nunes memo, written by aides of Republican U.S. Representative Devin Nunes (who was at the time the Chair of the House Intelligence Committee), described that the information on George Papadopoulos "triggered the opening of" the original FBI investigation in late July 2016 into links between the Trump campaign and Russia.[17] In late February 2018, a rebuttal memo by Democrats in the House Intelligence Committee stated that "the FBI initiated its counterintelligence investigation on July 31, 2016."[18][19]

In April 2018, the House Intelligence Committee, then in Republican control, released a final report on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential American election, which stated that the House Intelligence Committee found that "in late July 2016, the FBI opened an enterprise CI [counterintelligence] investigation into the Trump campaign following the receipt of derogatory information about foreign policy advisor George Papadopoulos".[20][21][22]

On May 16, 2018, The New York Times reported the existence of a 2016 FBI investigation called Crossfire Hurricane tasked with investigating whether individuals within the Trump campaign had inappropriate or illegal links to Russian efforts to interfere with the US presidential election. Four individuals— Michael T. Flynn, Paul Manafort, Carter Page and George Papadopoulos— were initially investigated because of such ties.[23] During the investigation, the FBI "obtained phone records and other documents using national security letters, a secret type of subpoena". The New York Times also reported that FBI agents (believing that Trump would lose the election and cognizant of Trump's claims that the election was rigged against him) took extreme care and caution to keep the investigation secret as they feared that Trump would blame his defeat on the revelation of the investigation.[23]

On May 17, 2018, Trump quoted National Review columnist Andrew C. McCarthy, who had said: "There's probably no doubt that [the FBI] had at least one confidential informant in the [Trump] campaign". From that quote, Trump described that "word seems to be coming out that the Obama FBI SPIED ON THE TRUMP CAMPAIGN ... If so, this is bigger than Watergate!"[24]

Although an FBI informant, Stefan Halper, spoke separately to three Trump campaign advisers (Carter Page, Sam Clovis and George Papadopoulos) in 2016 in an effort to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, there is no evidence that Halper had actually joined Trump's campaign. Page said that he "had extensive discussions" with Halper on "a bunch of different foreign-policy-related topics". Clovis's attorney said that Clovis and Halper had discussed China during their sole meeting. Papadopoulos was paid $3,000 by Halper for a research paper on the oil fields of Turkey, Israel and Cyprus.[8]

Trump and his allies' allegations

May 2018

On May 22, 2018, Trump expanded on McCarthy's theory, alleging that the Barack Obama administration had paid to plant a spy inside the 2016 Trump presidential campaign "very early on" to assist Trump's rival, Hillary Clinton, win the 2016 US presidential election.[2][7] From May 23, 2018, Trump began to describe his allegations as Spygate.[3][25][1] The Associated Press reported that Trump privately said that he wanted "to brand" the informant as a "spy" as using a more nefarious term would supposedly resonate more with the public.[26]

Despite claiming that Spygate "could be one of the biggest political scandals in history",[27] Trump has not offered any evidence when asked for it, instead saying, "All you have to do is look at the basics and you'll see it."[28]

In the May 22 tweets, Trump wrote that Halper, the FBI informant, was paid a "massive amount of money", and concluded that he thus must be a spy implanted for "political purposes". However, the $1 million in contracts were signed between Halper (a professor in international security) and the United States Department of Defense's Office of Net Assessment between 2012 to 2016, with 40% of the money awarded before Trump announced his candidacy in 2015. It is unknown if the FBI paid Halper at all.[29][30]

In the May 23 tweets, Trump published a false quote attributed to former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper that "Trump should be happy that the FBI was SPYING on his campaign". Instead, when asked "was the FBI spying on Trump's campaign", Clapper had said, "No, they were not." What Clapper really said Trump should have been happy about was that the FBI was investigating "what the Russians were doing" and "were the Russians infiltrating" his campaign and trying to influence the election.[31]

On May 26, 2018, Trump questioned "why didn't the crooked highest levels of the FBI or 'Justice' contact me to tell me of the phony Russia problem?" However, according to NBC News, Trump was warned by the FBI around July to August 2016 about possible Russian espionage and infiltration into his campaign.[32]

On May 25, The Washington Post wrote that several conservative sources have sided with Trump to embrace and promote Spygate, including the Fox & Friends talk show and political commentators Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity for Fox News, the website Breitbart, and also radio show host Rush Limbaugh. Meanwhile, Infowars host Alex Jones took credit for coining the "Spygate" term.[33]

Asked on whether the promotion of the Spygate theory is meant to discredit the special counsel investigation, Trump's attorney Rudy Giuliani said on May 27 that the investigators "are giving us the material to do it. Of course, we have to do it in defending the president ... it is for public opinion" on whether to "impeach or not impeach" Trump.[34]

June 2018

On June 5, Trump declared that "SPYGATE is in full force!", claiming without providing any evidence that "Strzok-Page, the incompetent & corrupt FBI lovers, have texts referring to a counter-intelligence operation into the Trump Campaign dating way back to December, 2015."[35] However, the December 2015 texts do not make any reference to the Trump campaign or Russia.[36]

This particular conspiracy theory promoted by Trump was traced by media outlets to originate from a Twitter user called @Nick_Falco, who on June 4 posted about the words "oconus lures" in December 2015 texts between FBI employees Peter Strzok and Lisa Page. While "oconus" refers to "outside the continental United States", Falco inferred that "lures" refer to spies.[35][37] However, according to the United States Department of Justice, "lures" refer to "subterfuge to entice a criminal defendant to leave a foreign country so that he or she can be arrested".[38] Falco questioned if "the FBI wanted to run a baited Sting Op using foreign agents against Trump", despite none of the texts mentioning the Trump campaign or Russia.[36]

Also on June 4, Falco's tweet spread to the r/conspiracy forum on Reddit, and also The Gateway Pundit, a far-right, pro-Trump website which has published multiple false conspiracy theories.[35][37] The Gateway Pundit wrote an article entitled: "Breaking: Senate releases unredacted texts showing FBI initiated MULTIPLE SPIES in Trump campaign in December 2015".[39] However, the texts referenced by Falco were publicly released by a Senate committee months earlier in February 2018.[37][36] On June 5, Lou Dobbs of Fox Business said that "the FBI may have initiated a number of spies into the Trump campaign as early as December of 2015." Dobbs' interviewee on the show, Chris Farrell, agreed that the existence of an "intelligence operation directed against then-candidate Trump" was "indisputable". Trump's June 5 tweet on Spygate came less than an hour after Dobbs' interview, with Trump also tweeting praise of Dobbs for the "great interview".[36][40]

After Trump made his June 5 tweet, Fox News described the news as "New Strzok-Page texts released", with Fox News television host Laura Ingraham saying: "It certainly appears they were looking to put more lures into the campaign in 2015." Republican Representative Ron DeSantis, a panelist on Ingraham's show, agreed that it was "clear" that the FBI investigation into Trump started earlier than July 2016.[36][39]

Reactions and criticism

May 2018 allegations

Trey Gowdy, the Republican chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, said after a classified meeting with Department of Justice officials that "the FBI is doing what [Trump] told them to do ... I am even more convinced that the FBI did exactly what my fellow citizens would want them to do when they got the information they got, and that it has nothing to do with Donald Trump".[41] Fellow Republicans, Paul Ryan, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, and Richard Burr, chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, have supported Gowdy's assessment of the situation.[42]

Republican Representative Tom Rooney, who is on the House Intelligence Committee, chided Trump for creating "this thing to tweet about knowing that it's not true ... Maybe it's just to create more chaos".[43] Republican senator Jeff Flake has said that the "so-called Spygate" is a "diversion tactic, obviously",[44] while Republican senator Marco Rubio said that "it appears that there was an investigation not of the campaign but of certain individuals who have a history that we should be suspicious of that predate the presidential campaign of 2015, 2016".[45]

Representative Adam Schiff, the top Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, has said that Spygate is "lie-gate", a "piece of propaganda the president wants to put out and repeat". He accused President Trump of repeatedly spreading baseless lies by quoting that "people are saying ..." or "we've been told ..."[44][46] Michael Hayden, a retired general, former Director of the National Security Agency and former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, said that Trump, through Spygate, was "simply trying to delegitimize the Mueller investigation, the FBI, the Department of Justice, and he's willing to throw almost anything against the wall".[45]

Journalist Shepard Smith has said that "Fox News can confirm that Spygate is not" true; "Fox News knows of no evidence to support the president's claim. Lawmakers from both parties say using an informant to investigate is not spying. It's part of the normal investigative process."[47] Legal analyst Andrew Napolitano concurred in telling Fox News that the FBI's usage of an informant was being done "all the time" and thus "stunningly unremarkable".[48]

Jon Meacham, a presidential historian, has said, in regards to Spygate, "The effect on the life of the nation of a president inventing conspiracy theories in order to distract attention from legitimate investigations or other things he dislikes is corrosive".[3]

Aaron Blake, writing for The Washington Post, wrote that the "central problem" of the Spygate conspiracy theory is the "fact that these people who supposedly would do anything to stop Trump ... didn't." In the period before the election, the FBI "didn't use the information it had collected to actually prevent Trump from becoming president", as it did not publicly reveal it was already investigating links between George Papadopoulos, Carter Page, Paul Manafort and Russia. Rather, the reports before the election were that the FBI saw no clear link between Russia and the Trump campaign, instead believing that Russia was trying to disrupt the election without purposely trying to elect Trump.[11]

Steven Poole, writing for The Guardian, wrote that the real scandal was Trump even using the "-gate" suffix for the issue, as the Spygate allegations are about "purely imaginary things".[49]

From May 31 to June 5, 2018, Quinnipiac University conducted a national poll of 1,223 voting Americans regarding the Spygate allegations. With the margin for error being 3.4%, a majority of 56% believe that the FBI's usage of a confidential informant was "routine procedure", while 33% agree with Trump that the FBI was spying on the Trump campaign. The only group of voters with a majority believing Trump are Republicans at 66%.[50][51]

June 2018 allegations

The New York magazine addressed the June 2018 allegations by stating: "It's not surprising or scandalous that FBI agents would be using espionage tradecraft. Gateway Pundit seems to have invented the crucial factual element of the conspiracy out of thin air" while "Trump is citing right-wing conspiracy theorists who operate at a full level further removed from reality than the right-wing conspiracy theorists he customarily cites."[35]

Zack Beauchamp of Vox, which noted that "the FBI's investigation into Trump didn’t open until July 2016", wrote about the situation which was "entirely unfounded in the actual evidence" occurred because "Fox picks up on some random internet rumor, the president picks it up from Fox, and then Fox and other right-wing outlets leap to defend what the president tweeted, which only reinforces Trump's sense that he's right." After reporting on both Trump’s May 2018 and June 2018, Beauchamp wrote that the “best way to analyze “Spygate” is ... a conspiracy theory ... a ginned-up controversy Trump has capitalized on to justify his argument that the FBI is hopelessly biased against him.”[39]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=There is no evidence for 'Spygate' – but there is a reason Trump invented it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/23/there-is-no-evidence-for-spygate-but-there-is-a-reason-that-trump-invented-it/?noredirect=on |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603051743/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/23/there-is-no-evidence-for-spygate-but-there-is-a-reason-that-trump-invented-it/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.3682f63e12ab |archivedate=June 3, 2018 |df= }}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Beauchamp |first1=Zack |title='Spygate', the false allegation that the FBI had a spy in the Trump campaign, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/5/25/17380212/spygate-trump-russia-spy-stefan-halper-fbi-explained |work=Vox |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528041047/https://www.vox.com/2018/5/25/17380212/spygate-trump-russia-spy-stefan-halper-fbi-explained |archivedate=May 28, 2018 |df= }}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=With 'Spygate', Trump Shows How He Uses Conspiracy Theories to Erode Trust|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/28/us/politics/trump-conspiracy-theories-spygate.html|last1=Davis|first1=Julie|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 29, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528232738/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/28/us/politics/trump-conspiracy-theories-spygate.html|archivedate=May 28, 2018|df=}}
4. ^{{cite web |last1=Aaronson |first1=Trevor |title=The FBI's use of informants is full of problems, but what happened in "Spygate" isn't one of them |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/05/31/spygate-trump-russia-fbi-informants/ |work=The Intercept |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531210633/https://theintercept.com/2018/05/31/spygate-trump-russia-fbi-informants/ |archivedate=May 31, 2018 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web |last1=Sollenberger |first1=Roger |title=The Short, Sad Life of Spygate!: Trump's Latest Conspiracy Theory Got Debunked By Evidence in A Matter of Hours |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/05/the-short-sad-life-of-spygate-trumps-latest-conspi.html |website=Paste |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531113644/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/05/the-short-sad-life-of-spygate-trumps-latest-conspi.html |archivedate=May 31, 2018 |df= }}
6. ^Republicans distance themselves from Trump's 'Spygate' conspiracy theory. Los Angeles Times, May 30, 2018
7. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Tatum |first1=Sophie |title=Carter Page: I 'never found anything unusual' in conversations with FBI source |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/22/politics/carter-page-fbi-informant-cnn-tv/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523170622/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/22/politics/carter-page-fbi-informant-cnn-tv/index.html |archivedate=May 23, 2018 |df= }}
8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Secret FBI source for Russia investigation met with three Trump advisers during campaign| first1=Robert| last1=Costa| first2=Carol| last2=Leonnig| first3=Tom| last3=Hamburger| first4=Devlin| last4=Barrett| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/secret-fbi-source-for-russia-investigation-met-with-three-trump-advisers-during-campaign/2018/05/18/9778d9f0-5aea-11e8-b656-a5f8c2a9295d_story.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 29, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529204037/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/secret-fbi-source-for-russia-investigation-met-with-three-trump-advisers-during-campaign/2018/05/18/9778d9f0-5aea-11e8-b656-a5f8c2a9295d_story.html?utm_term=.818bc6887f6f|archivedate=May 29, 2018|df=}}
9. ^{{cite web |last=Chait |first=Jonathan |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/06/trumps-latest-fbi-conspiracy-theory-is-his-craziest-yet.html |title=Trump's Latest FBI Conspiracy Theory Is His Craziest Yet |work=New York Magazine |date=June 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 27, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Greg |title=8 of the biggest conspiracy theories that Trump has shared |url=https://www.indy100.com/article/donald-trump-us-president-conspiracy-theories-spygate-barack-obama-ted-cruz-8369426 |work=The Independent |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
11. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=The No. 1 reason Trump's 'spygate' conspiracy theory doesn't make sense |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2018/05/23/the-no-1-reason-trumps-spygate-conspiracy-theory-doesnt-make-sense/?noredirect=on |website=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}
12. ^{{cite web |last1=Boot |first1=Max |title=Trump just keeps on lying – because it works |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/06/07/trump-just-keeps-on-lying-because-it-works/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web |last1=Wilber |first1=Del Quentin |title=Inside the FBI Life of Peter Strzok and Lisa Page, as Told in Their Text Messages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/inside-the-fbi-life-of-peter-strzok-and-lisa-page-as-told-in-their-text-messages-1517589380?mod=searchresults&page=1&pos=1 |work=Wall Street Journal |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |last2=Rizzo |first2=Salvador |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 3,001 false or misleading claims so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/05/01/president-trump-has-made-3001-false-or-misleading-claims-so-far/ |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web |last1=Roberts |first1=Steve |last2=Roberts |first2=Cokie |title=GOP's silence is the real scandal |url=http://www.albanyherald.com/opinion/steve-cokie-roberts-gop-s-silence-is-the-real-scandal/article_f1795b74-0aa0-5166-aa6d-bd1356ad986b.html |work=The Albany Herald |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web |last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Ainsley |first2=Julia |last3=Lee |first3=Carol |title=FBI warned Trump in 2016 Russians would try to infiltrate his campaign |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fbi-warned-trump-2016-russians-would-try-infiltrate-his-campaign-n830596 |website=NBC News |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423134603/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fbi-warned-trump-2016-russians-would-try-infiltrate-his-campaign-n830596 |archivedate=April 23, 2018 |df= }}
17. ^Multiple sources:#{{cite web |title=We annotated the full Nunes memo on the Russia probe |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/we-annotated-the-full-nunes-memo-on-the-russia-probe |publisher=PBS |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |quote=The memo underscores the intensifying partisan debate over special counsel Robert Mueller’s probe into the Trump campaign’s possible ties to Russia. ... The Papadopoulos information triggered the opening of an FBI counterintelligence investigation in late July 2016 by FBI agent Pete Strzok.}}#{{cite web |last1=Emmons |first1=Alex |last2=Aaronson |first2=Trevor |title=Nunes memo accidentally confirms the legitimacy of the FBI’s investigation |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/02/02/nunes-memo-fisa-trump-russia/ |work=The Intercept |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |quote=Despite rhetoric that could help to undermine Mueller’s investigation, the Nunes memo specifically says that George Papadopoulos sparked the counterintelligence investigation that ultimately led to the resignation of National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, the firing of FBI Director James Comey, and the appointment of Mueller as special counsel.}}#{{cite web |last1=French |first1=David |title=The Big Flaw in the Memo |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/02/nunes-memo-big-flaw-confirms-new-york-times-story/ |work=National Review |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |quote=Well, if the newly released Nunes memo is correct, House Republicans and the Trump administration just confirmed the Times’ scoop ... Ironically enough, the memo in fact confirms the necessity of the Special Counsel Robert Mueller.}}#{{cite web |last1=Yuhas |first1=Alex |title=What is the Devin Nunes memo about and how does it affect Trump? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/03/what-is-the-nunes-memo-and-why-important |publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |quote=The four-page document released on Friday is at the heart of a firestorm over Donald Trump, Russia and special counsel Robert Mueller. What’s in it? ... the memo acknowledges that Papadopoulos, not Page, “triggered the opening of an FBI counterintelligence investigation in late July 2016”.}}#{{cite web |last1=Easley |first1=Jonathan |title=Memo: Papadopoulos info triggered FBI's Russia investigation |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/372043-memo-papadopoulos-info-triggered-fbis-russia-investigation |publisher=The Hill |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |quote=according to the memo released Friday by House Intelligence Committee Republicans ... Russia investigation itself — and by extension, special counsel Robert Mueller’s probe — was launched from ... "information" about Papadapoulos, rather than the dossier.}}#{{cite web |last1=Levitz |first1=Eric |title=6 Quick Takeaways From the Nunes Memo |url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/02/5-quick-takeaways-from-the-nunes-memo.html |work=New York |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |quote=But the memo doesn’t just fail to discredit the investigation into the Trump campaign — it actually confirms its validity. The core of the GOP’s argument against the Mueller probe has been that it was based on unsubstantiated allegations gathered by a Clinton operative. The memo suggests this might be true of the Carter Page warrant — but not of the broader investigation.}}#{{cite web |last1=Tucker |first1=Eric |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary |last3=Day |first3=Chad |title=Trump claims memo ‘totally vindicates’ him in Russia probe |url=https://apnews.com/7fb0980b01e44421af41e6ef530c20b7 |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |publisher=Associated Press |quote=Even as Democrats described it as inaccurate, some Republicans quickly cited the memo — released over the objections of the FBI and Justice Department — in their arguments that Mueller’s investigation is politically tainted. A closer read presents a far more nuanced picture ... the memo confirms the FBI’s counterintelligence investigation into the Trump campaign began in July 2016, months before the surveillance warrant was sought, and was “triggered” by information concerning campaign aide George Papadopoulos. }}
18. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Philips |first1=Amber |title=Read the Democratic rebuttal to the Nunes memo, annotated |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2018/02/24/read-the-democratic-rebuttal-to-the-nunes-memo-annotated/ |date=February 24, 2018 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 3, 2019}}
19. ^{{cite web |last1=Prokop |first1=Andrew |title=Read: Democrats’ response to the Nunes memo was just released |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/2/24/17048764/schiff-memo-nunes-read-full-text-pdf |date=February 24, 2018 |work=Vox |accessdate=April 3, 2019}}
20. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Yen |first1=Hope |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |last3=Tucker |first3=Eric |title=AP Fact Check: Trump's exaggerations about the Russia probe |date=April 1, 2019 |url=https://apnews.com/9ecab02f44654d3c8ee80e8b172926f2 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=April 2, 2019}}
21. ^1 {{cite web |last=Qiu |first=Linda |title=Trump Falsely Claims Russia Investigation Started Because of Steele Dossier |date=May 21, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/21/us/politics/fact-check-trump-russia-investigation-steele-dossier.html |work=The New York Times |accessdate=April 2, 2019 }}
22. ^{{cite web |title=Report on Active Russian Measures |url=https://docs.house.gov/meetings/IG/IG00/20180322/108023/HRPT-115-1.pdf |date=March 22, 2018 |publisher=House Intelligence Committee |accessdate=April 3, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502222750/https://docs.house.gov/meetings/IG/IG00/20180322/108023/HRPT-115-1.pdf |archivedate=May 2, 2018 |page=47 |quote=Finding #17}}
23. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Apuzzo |first1=Matt |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |last3=Fandos |first3=Nicholas |title=Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601134038/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html |archivedate=June 1, 2018 |df= }}
24. ^{{cite web |last1=Manchester |first1=Julia |title=Trump: Report that Obama FBI spied on campaign could be 'bigger than Watergate' |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388101-trump-report-that-obama-fbi-spied-on-campaign-could-be-bigger-than |website=The Hill |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519150403/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388101-trump-report-that-obama-fbi-spied-on-campaign-could-be-bigger-than |archivedate=May 19, 2018 |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web |last1=DeCosta-Klipa |first1=Nik |title=This Donald Trump tweet might have caused some confusion for Patriots fans |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2018/05/23/donald-trump-spygate |website=Boston.com |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524000912/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2018/05/23/donald-trump-spygate |archivedate=May 24, 2018 |df= }}
26. ^{{cite web |last1=Jalonick |first1=Mary |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |title=Seething over Russia probe, Trump tears into 'spygate' |url=https://apnews.com/23b9456c12484b6cb31c93da269a6159/Seething-over-Russia-probe,-Trump-tears-into-%27spygate |website=Associated Press |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603051743/https://apnews.com/23b9456c12484b6cb31c93da269a6159/Seething-over-Russia-probe,-Trump-tears-into-%27spygate |archivedate=June 3, 2018 |df= }}
27. ^{{cite web |title=Trump: 'SPYGATE' a scandal 'the likes of which this country may never have seen before' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/23/trump-spygate-a-scandal-the-likes-of-which-this-country-may-never-have-seen-before.html |website=CNBC |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523163519/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/23/trump-spygate-a-scandal-the-likes-of-which-this-country-may-never-have-seen-before.html |archivedate=May 23, 2018 |df= }}
28. ^{{cite web |last1=Fishel |first1=Justin |last2=Karson |first2=Kendall |last3=Khan |first3=Mariam |title=Trump claims 'you'll see it' when asked for proof of alleged 'spying' scandal |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-trump-claims-criminal-deep-state-pursuit-backfired/story?id=55376084 |website=ABC News |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531191809/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-trump-claims-criminal-deep-state-pursuit-backfired/story?id=55376084 |archivedate=May 31, 2018 |df= }}
29. ^{{cite web |last1=Greenberg |first1=Jon |title=Online story gets details wrong about informant payment in Trump Russia probe |url=http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2018/may/24/blog-posting/fake-news-says-obama-paid-informant-trump-russia-p/ |website=Politifact |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524210617/http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2018/may/24/blog-posting/fake-news-says-obama-paid-informant-trump-russia-p/ |archivedate=May 24, 2018 |df= }}
30. ^{{cite web |last1=Correll |first1=Diana |title=Trump questions why FBI informant received payments from government |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-questions-why-fbi-informant-received-payments-from-government |work=Washington Examiner |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527144129/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-questions-why-fbi-informant-received-payments-from-government |archivedate=May 27, 2018 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web |last1=Kiely |first1=Eugene |title=Trump Misquotes Clapper on FBI 'Spy' |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2018/05/trump-misquotes-clapper-on-fbi-spy/ |website=FactCheck.org |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531020644/https://www.factcheck.org/2018/05/trump-misquotes-clapper-on-fbi-spy/ |archivedate=May 31, 2018 |df= }}
32. ^{{cite web |last1=Greenwood |first1=Max |title=Trump: Why didn't FBI tell me about 'phony Russia problem' during campaign |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/389523-trump-why-didnt-fbi-tell-me-about-phone-russia-problem-during |website=The Hill |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528072945/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/389523-trump-why-didnt-fbi-tell-me-about-phone-russia-problem-during |archivedate=May 28, 2018 |df= }}
33. ^{{cite web |last1=Farhi |first1=Paul |title='Spygate'? The mainstream news media has a few problems with that phrase. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/spygate-the-mainstream-news-media-has-a-few-problems-with-that-phrase/2018/05/25/e0dccb38-5f8b-11e8-b2b8-08a538d9dbd6_story.html?noredirect=on |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 4, 2018}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2018/05/28/rudy-giuliani-spygate-mueller-investigation/|title='It Is for Public Opinion.' Rudy Giuliani May Have Admitted That Trump's 'Spygate' Is a PR Ploy|last=Bach|first=Natasha|date=May 28, 2018|work=Fortune|access-date=May 28, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528143124/http://fortune.com/2018/05/28/rudy-giuliani-spygate-mueller-investigation/|archivedate=May 28, 2018|df=}}
35. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last1=Chait |first1=Jonathan |title=Trump's Latest FBI Conspiracy Theory Is His Craziest Yet |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/06/trumps-latest-fbi-conspiracy-theory-is-his-craziest-yet.html |work=New York Magazine |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}
36. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last1=Herb |first1=Jeremy |last2=Raju |first2=Manu |title=From Reddit to Trump: How the President latched onto a conspiracy theory |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/06/politics/trump-fbi-texts-conspiracy-theory/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}
37. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Kight |first1=Stef |title=Go deeper: Digging into Trump's latest 'Spygate' tweet |url=https://www.axios.com/trump-tweets-spygate-strzok-page-gateway-pundit-conspiracy-5fa36da4-d07a-454b-8aba-4e30fe5fc651.html |website=Axios.com |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}
38. ^{{cite web |title=9-15.630 – Lures |url=https://www.justice.gov/usam/usam-9-15000-international-extradition-and-related-matters#9-15.630 |website=United States Department of Justice |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}
39. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Beauchamp |first1=Zack |title=Trump, Fox News, and Twitter have created a dangerous conspiracy theory loop |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/6/6/17433876/trump-spygate-fox-twitter |website=Vox |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}
40. ^{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=James |last2=Bruggeman |first2=Lucien |title='Oconus lures': Evolution of a conspiracy theory, from Reddit to the White House |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/oconus-lures-evolution-conspiracy-theory-reddit-white-house/story?id=55730297 |website=ABC News |accessdate=June 8, 2018}}
41. ^{{cite web |last1=MacCallum |first1=Martha |title=Gowdy on Trump's Spy Claims: I'm 'Convinced' FBI Did What Americans Would Want Them to Do |url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/05/29/donald-trump-russia-probe-gowdy-says-he-should-be-upset-democrats-obama-not-fbi |website=Fox News |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601070149/http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/05/29/donald-trump-russia-probe-gowdy-says-he-should-be-upset-democrats-obama-not-fbi |archivedate=June 1, 2018 |df= }}
42. ^{{cite web |last1=Demirjian |first1=Karoun |last2=DeBonis |first2=Mike |title=Paul Ryan splits with Trump, says 'no evidence' FBI spied on president's campaign |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/paul-ryan-splits-with-trump-says-no-evidence-fbi-spied-on-presidents-campaign/2018/06/06/c8bab620-6998-11e8-bea7-c8eb28bc52b1_story.html |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}
43. ^{{cite web |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |title=GOP congressman blasts Trump's spy conspiracy |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/06/trump-spygate-rooney-629550 |website=Politico |accessdate=June 8, 2018}}
44. ^1 {{cite web |title=Trump's 'Spygate' is a 'diversion tactic': Senator Flake |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-flake/trumps-spygate-is-a-diversion-tactic-senator-flake-idUSKCN1IS0OQ?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews |website=Reuters |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528014147/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-flake/trumps-spygate-is-a-diversion-tactic-senator-flake-idUSKCN1IS0OQ?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=twitter |archivedate=May 28, 2018 |df= }}
45. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Boedeker |first1=Hal |title=Rubio: FBI didn't investigate Trump campaign |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/tv/tv-guy/os-et-rubio-fbi-did-not-investigate-trump-campaign-20180527-story.html |work=Orlando Sentinel |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527194223/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/tv/tv-guy/os-et-rubio-fbi-did-not-investigate-trump-campaign-20180527-story.html |archivedate=May 27, 2018 |df= }}
46. ^{{cite web |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |title=Top Intel Dem: This isn't 'spygate', it's 'liegate' |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/389166-top-intel-dem-this-isnt-spygate-its-liegate |website=The Hill |accessdate=June 8, 2018}}
47. ^{{cite web |last1=Bort |first1=Ryan |title=Even Conservatives Are Realizing Trump's 'Spygate' Conspiracy Is a Hoax |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/why-trump-spygate-conspiracy-w520889 |work=Rolling Stone |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531004720/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/why-trump-spygate-conspiracy-w520889 |archivedate=May 31, 2018 |df= }}
48. ^{{cite web |title=Judge Nap: Giuliani Shouldn't Make 'Outlandish & Outrageous' Spy Allegations Without Evidence |url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/05/30/napolitano-giuliani-shouldnt-make-outlandish-outrageous-spy-allegations-without-evidence |website=Fox News |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603051743/http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/05/30/napolitano-giuliani-shouldnt-make-outlandish-outrageous-spy-allegations-without-evidence |archivedate=June 3, 2018 |df= }}
49. ^{{cite web |last1=Poole |first1=Steven |title=Spygate: why Donald Trump's use of 'gate' is a scandal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/may/31/word-of-the-week-steven-poole-spygate |website=The Guardian |accessdate=June 4, 2018}}
50. ^{{cite web |last1=Wise |first1=Justin |title=Poll: Majority says Trump's 'spygate' claims not accurate |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/gop-primaries/84071-crist-says-he-would-not-scrap-entire-health-bill |website=The Hill |accessdate=June 14, 2018}}
51. ^{{cite web |date=June 8, 2018 |title=U.S. Voters Oppose Steel Tariff, Back China Levy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; FBI Did Not Spy On Trump Campaign, Voters Say |url=https://poll.qu.edu/search-releases/search-results/release-detail?What=&strArea=6;0;&strTime=28&ReleaseID=2547#Question009 |website=Quinnipiac University |accessdate=June 14, 2018}}

7 : 2018 controversies in the United States|2018 in American politics|Conspiracy theories in the United States|Conspiracy theories regarding Barack Obama|Political career of Donald Trump|Trump administration controversies|Donald Trump
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