| 词条 | Antonín Zápotocký |
| 释义 |
| name=Antonín Zápotocký | image = Antonín Zápotocký.JPG | imagesize = | office= 6th President of Czechoslovakia | term_start=21 March 1953 | term_end= 13 November 1957 | predecessor=Klement Gottwald | successor= Antonín Novotný | office2= 15th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia | term_start2=15 June 1948 | term_end2= 14 March 1953 | predecessor2=Klement Gottwald | successor2= Viliam Široký | birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1884|12|19}} | birth_place=Zákolany, Kladno District, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary | death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1957|11|13|1884|12|19}} | death_place=Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) | party=Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |otherparty= Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party | spouse=Marie Zápotocká | signature=Zapotocky signature.svg |}} Antonín Zápotocký (19 December 1884 – 13 November 1957) was communist Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953 and President of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1957. He was born in Zákolany, Kladno District, Bohemia (then in Austria-Hungary, now in the Czech Republic). His father was Ladislav Zápotocký, one of the founders of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), together with Josef Boleslav Pecka-Strahovský and Josef Hybeš. He was a delegate of the Left Wing of the ČSSD to the Second Comintern Congress, held in Petersburg, 19 July – 7 August 1920. Together with Bohumír Šmeral, he co-founded the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) when it broke away from the ČSSD in 1921. He was General Secretary of the KSČ from 1922 to 1925. In 1940, he was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He was released in 1945. From June 18, to July 18, 1946 he was Chairman of the Constituent National Assembly. Zápotocký became Prime Minister on 15 June 1948, replacing Klement Gottwald, who became President. On 14 March 1953, shortly after his return from Joseph Stalin's funeral, Gottwald died. As per the Ninth-of-May Constitution, Zápotocký took over most presidential duties until he was elected President in his own right a week later. Zápotocký favoured a more humane way of governing, but was outflanked by the Stalinist first secretary, Antonín Novotný. Sporadic riots against monetary reform gave Novotný a chance to seize the upper hand. [1] At a meeting in Moscow, Zápotocký was told to adhere to "collective leadership"—in effect, give up power to Novotný. Zápotocký stayed in office till his death in Prague in 1957. Zápotocký penned several novels, two of which were filmed (Rudá záře nad Kladnem and Vstanou noví bojovníci). External links
References1. ^[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Czechoslovak-history/Czechoslovakia-1918-92#toc42114 Czechoslovak history] at Encyclopedia Britannica {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{succession box|title=Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia|before=Klement Gottwald|after=Viliam Široký|years=1948–1953}}{{succession box|title=President of Czechoslovakia|before=Klement Gottwald|after=Antonín Novotný|years=1953–1957}}{{s-end}}{{CzechoslovakPresidents}}{{CzechoslovakPMs}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zapotocky, Antonin}} 13 : 1884 births|1957 deaths|People from Kladno District|People from the Kingdom of Bohemia|Czech Social Democratic Party politicians|Leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Presidents of Czechoslovakia|Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia|Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia|Members of the Constituent National Assembly of Czechoslovakia|Members of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia|Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors|Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Prime Ministers |
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