| 词条 | April Ashley |
| 释义 |
|name= April Ashley |birth_date= {{Birth date and age|1935|4|29|df=y}} |birth_place= Liverpool, England |nationality= British |image= An_Evening_With_April_Ashley_at_the_Southbank_Centre4.jpg |website= {{url|http://www.april-ashley.com/}} |residence= Fulham, West London |spouse= {{plainlist|
|caption= Ashley at Southbank Centre. }}April Ashley, MBE (born 29 April 1935) is an English model and restaurant hostess. She was outed as a transgender woman by the Sunday People newspaper in 1961[1] and is one of the earliest British people known to have had sex reassignment surgery. Early lifeBorn George Jamieson in Sefton General Hospital, Liverpool, she was one of six surviving children of a Roman Catholic father, Frederick Jamieson, and a Protestant mother, Ada Brown Jamieson.[2] In her childhood in Liverpool, Ashley suffered from both calcium deficiency, requiring weekly calcium injections at the Alder Hey Children's Hospital, and bed-wetting, resulting in her being given her own box room aged two when the family moved house.[3] 1950s to 1970sShe joined the Merchant Navy in 1951 at the age of 16.[4] Following a suicide attempt, she was given a dishonourable discharge[3] and a second attempt resulted in Ashley being sent to the mental institution in Ormskirk aged 17 for treatments.[4] In her book The First Lady, Ashley tells the story of the rape she endured while still living as a man. A roommate raped her, and she was severely injured.[5] Gender transitionAfter leaving hospital Ashley moved to London, at one point claiming to have shared a boarding house with then ship's steward John Prescott. Having started cross-dressing, she moved to Paris in the late 1950s, began using the name Toni April and joined the famous French entertainer Coccinelle in the cast of the drag cabaret at the Carousel Theatre.[4][6][7] At the age of 25, having saved £3,000, Ashley had a seven-hour-long sex reassignment surgery in 12 May 1960, performed in Casablanca, Morocco by Georges Burou. All her hair fell out and she endured significant pain, but the operation was successful.[4][6][7] Modelling career, public outingAfter returning to Britain, Ashley began using the name April Ashley and became a successful fashion model, appearing in such publications as Vogue (photographed by David Bailey[8]) and winning a small role in the film The Road to Hong Kong, which starred Bing Crosby and Bob Hope.[6][9][17] After a friend sold her story to the media, in 1961 under the headline {{"'}}Her' secret is out", the Sunday People outed Ashley as a trans woman. She became a centre of attention and some scandal, and her film credit was instantly dropped.[1][17] In November 1960, Ashley had met Hon. Arthur Corbett (later 3rd Baron Rowallan), the Eton-educated son and heir of Lord Rowallan. They wed in 1963, but the marriage quickly broke down. Ashley's lawyers wrote to Corbett in 1966 demanding maintenance payments and in 1967 Corbett responded by filing suit to have the marriage annulled. The annulment was granted in 1970 on the grounds that the court considered Ashley to be male, even though Corbett knew about her history when they married.[4][6][8] Later lifeAfter a heart attack in London, Ashley retired for some years to the Welsh border town of Hay-on-Wye. In her book April Ashley's Odyssey she stated that Amanda Lear was male at birth and they had worked together at Le Carousel where Lear had used the name Peki d'Oslo.[3] Ashley was once great friends with Lear,[10] but according to Ashley's book The First Lady, they had a major falling out and haven't spoken in years. In the 1980s, Ashley married Jeffrey West, on the retired cruise ship RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California.[11] In 2005, after the passage of the Gender Recognition Act 2004, Ashley was finally legally recognised as female and issued with a new birth certificate. The then Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Prescott, who knew Ashley from the 1950s, helped her with the procedure.[7] Most recently Ashley talked about her life at St George's Hall, Liverpool as part of the city's Homotopia festival on 15 November 2008,[12] and on 18 February 2009 at the South Bank Centre.[13] She lives in Fulham, South West London.[14] BiographiesApril Ashley's Odyssey, a biography by Duncan Fallowell, was published in 1982.[3] In 2006, Ashley released her autobiography The First Lady[5] and made TV appearances on Channel Five News, This Morning and BBC News. In one interview, she said, "This is the real story and contains a lot of things I just couldn't say in 1982", including alleged affairs with Michael Hutchence, Peter O'Toole, Omar Sharif, Turner Prize sculptor Grayson Perry and Íñigo de Arteaga y Martín, the future 19th Duke of Infantado, among others. However, the book was pulped {{Clarify|date=March 2015}} after it was discovered that it had heavily plagiarized the 1982 book written about Ashley.[15]In 2012, Pacific Films and Limey Yank Productions announced a project to create a film about April Ashley's life.[16] Awards and honors
See also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/06/15/article-0-13A10DB3000005DC-794_634x286.jpg|title='Her' secret is out|newspaper=The Sunday People|date=19 November 1961|format=jpg|accessdate=20 December 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Kay|title=Radical Objects: April Ashley’s Birth Certificate & Birthday Card|url=http://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/radical-objects-april-ashleys-birth-certificate-birthday-card/|website=History Workshop|accessdate=24 March 2018}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Fallowell|first1=Duncan|last2=Ashley|first2=April|title=April Ashley's Odyssey|year=1982|publisher=Jonathan Cape Ltd|accessdate=20 December 2014|isbn=978-0224018494|url=http://www.antijen.org/Aprilv1/#Liverpool}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite court|url=http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/courses/LA306_Family_Law/Cases/Corbett_v_Corbett.html|litigants=Corbett v Corbett|court=EWHC|date=1970}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Thompson|first1=Douglas|last2=Ashley|first2=April|title=First Lady|year=2006|publisher=Blake Publishing|isbn=1-84454-231-9}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Landmark Cases in Family Law|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2011|first1=Stephen|last1=Gilmore|first2=Jonathan|last2=Herring|first3=Rebecca|last3=Probert|isbn=978-1849461016}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Johnston|first=Jenny |title=How Prescott made a woman out of me|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-388926/How-Prescott-woman-me.html|publisher=Daily Mail|accessdate=23 May 2010|date=3 June 2006}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/People/Sex-and-the-single-grande-dame/2005/06/03/1117568360972.html|title=Sex and the single grande dame|date=4 June 2005|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=28 March 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0039018|title=April Ashley|publisher=IMDB}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2000/dec/24/focus.news|title=At the court of Queen Lear|date=24 December 2000|publisher=The Observer|accessdate=2010-08-30}} 11. ^Identity - April Ashley's US Resident Alien identification card - Wellcome Collection; accessed 28 March 2015. 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.homotopia.net/2008/2008-April%20Ashley.html |title=An Audience with April Ashley |publisher=Homotopia |accessdate=28 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822164818/http://www.homotopia.net/2008/2008-April%20Ashley.html |archivedate=22 August 2009 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/blahflowers/3293013691/|title=An Evening With April Ashley at the Southbank Centre|publisher=flickr|accessdate=28 March 2015}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/7947945/April-Ashley-interview-Britains-first-transsexual.html|last=Durrant|first=Sabine|title=April Ashley interview: Britain's first transsexual|date=22 August 2010|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=28 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922125307/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/7947945/April-Ashley-interview-Britains-first-transsexual.html|archivedate=22 September 2010|deadurl=no}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Discriminating Beauty|publisher=Out Northwest|url=http://issuu.com/outnorthwest/docs/issue86/23?mode=embed&documentId=081024154705-ebb5a1dbd41242b3b3aa0f4e69652515&layout=grey|page=23|accessdate=28 March 2015}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Pioneering Trans Model April Ashley Gets Movie Deal, Honor From Queen Elizabeth|publisher=Queerty|url=http://www.queerty.com/pioneering-trans-model-april-ashley-gets-honor-from-queen-elizabeth-movie-deal-20120727|accessdate=28 March 2015}} 17. ^{{London Gazette|issue=60173|supp=y|page=13|date=16 June 2012}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18461536|title=Kenneth Branagh knighted in Queen's Birthday Honours|date=16 June 2012|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=28 March 2015}} 19. ^http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/april-ashley/ 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://eqview.com/2014/10/03/evan-davis-april-ashley-triumph-european-diversity-awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108010448/http://eqview.com/2014/10/03/evan-davis-april-ashley-triumph-european-diversity-awards/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=8 January 2016 |title=Evan Davis and April Ashley Triumph at European Diversity Awards |publisher=www.EQView.com |accessdate=28 March 2015 }} External links
13 : 1935 births|People from Liverpool|Living people|English female models|English drag queens|LGBT entertainers from England|LGBT memoirists|Transgender and transsexual female models|Transgender law in the United Kingdom|British Merchant Navy personnel|Members of the Order of the British Empire|Transgender and transsexual entertainers|Women memoirists |
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