“Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Baldwin II was born around 865 to Baldwin I of Flanders and Judith of Flanders, the great-granddaughter of Charlemagne.^[2]

Early Years

The early years of Baldwin's rule were marked by a series of devastating Viking raids into Flanders.^[3] By 883 CE, he was forced to move north to Pagus Flandransis, which became the territory most closely associated with the Counts of Flanders.^[3] Baldwin constructed a series of wooden fortifications at Saint-Omer, Bruges, Ghent, and Kortrijk. He then seized lands that were abandoned by royal and ecclesiastical officials.^[4] Many of these same citadels later formed castellanies which housed government, militia, and local courts.^[3]

Marriage

Between 893 and 899, Baldwin II married Ælfthryth (or Elftrude or Elfrida), the daughter of Alfred the Great.^[5] The immediate goal of that Anglo-Flemish alliance was to help Baldwin control the lower Canche River valley.^[6]

Rise to power

In 888 CE, the western Frankish king, Charles the Fat, was deposed, leaving several candidates vying to replace him.^[7] As a grandson of Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia, Baldwin could have competed for the crown of West Francia.^[4] Instead, Baldwin and others tried to convince the East Frankish King, Arnulf, to take the West Frankish crown, but Arnulf declined.^[7]

The Robertine Odo, Count of Paris, was eventually made king.^[8] Odo and Baldwin's relationship deteriorated when Odo failed to support Baldwin's attempts to gain control of the Abbey of St. Bertin. Odo attacked Baldwin at Bruges but was unable to prevail.^[7] Baldwin continued his expansion to the south and gained control over Artois, including the important Abbey of St. Vaast.

Death

When the Abbey came under the jurisdiction of Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900 CE, Baldwin had the archbishop assassinated and was excommunicated by Pope Benedict IV.^[6] When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I, Count of Vermandois, Baldwin had the count assassinated as well.^[6] Baldwin died on 10 September 918 CE,^[9] at Blandijnberg (near Ghent) and was succeeded by his eldest son, Arnulf I of Flanders. His younger son, Adalulf, became the first Count of Boulogne.

Family

Baldwin II was married to Ælfthryth, daughter of Alfred the Great,^[2] and had children:

References

1. ^John E. Morby, "The Sobriquets of Medieval European Princes", Canadian Journal of History, 13:1 (1978), p. 8.
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵Detlev Schwennicke, Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 5
3. ^¹²David Nicholas, Medieval Flanders (Longman Group UK, Ltd., 1992)pp. 17–18
4. ^¹Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia), p. 235
5. ^{{Cite book |last=Abels |first=Richard P. |year=1988 |title=Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England |publisher=British Museum Press |page=189 |isbn=978-0-7141-0552-9}}
6. ^¹²Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia), p. 236
7. ^¹²David Nicholas, Medieval Flanders (Longman Group UK, Ltd., 1992)p. 19
8. ^Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia), p. 237
9. ^Philip Grierson, 'The Relations between England and Flanders before the Norman Conquest', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 23 (1941), p. 86