| 词条 | Parkeyerring Lake |
| 释义 |
| name = Parkeyerring Lake | image = Parkeyerring Lake panorama.jpg | caption = Parkeyerring Lake 2018 | pushpin_map = Australia Western Australia | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Western Australia | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Wheatbelt, Western Australia | coords = {{coord|33|22|04|S|117|20|48|E|region:AU_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | type = saline | inflow = Groundwater and surface runoff | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Australia | designation = | length = | width = | area = {{cvt|322|ha}}[1] | depth = {{cvt|0.86|m}}[1] | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{cvt|247|m}} | frozen = | islands = | cities = | reference = }}Parkeyerring Lake is an ephemeral salt lake in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia located approximately {{cvt|7|km}} south of the town of Wagin and about {{cvt|235|km|mi}} south east of Perth. Much of the lake is surrounded by the {{cvt|991|ha|adj=on}} Parkeyerring Nature Reserve,[3] which was gazetted in 1905[1] and expanded in 1957.[2] The traditional owners of the area are the Noongar peoples in the Gnaala Karla Booja region (the Pindjarup, Wiilman and Ganeang dialectical groups). There are a number of Aboriginal sites throughout the shire, including around the lake.[6] DescriptionThe lake has a surface area of {{cvt|322|ha}} and fills from a series of inflow channels from the southern and south western sides where Little Lake Parkeyerring is located. Shore seepage also occurs from shallow soils and rocky outcrops to the western side and the major outflow is through a channel along the north eastern side shore which discharges into the Coblinine River. Most of the catchment area has been cleared for agriculture.[3][4] The area receives an average rainfall of approximately {{cvt|450|mm}} per annum, while the average evaporation is approximately {{cvt|1700|mm}} per annum. The landscape is made up of low hills, broad flats and gently undulating rises.[5] The lake is part of a chain of wetlands situated along major ancient drainage lines in the area that run from Dumbleyung in the north to south of Wagin. The Shire of Wagin contains many large lakes and wetlands, including western parts of Lake Dumbleyung, Lake Parkeyerring, Lake Little Parkeyerring, Lake Quarbing, Lake Norring, Lake Little Norring, Lake Gundaring and Wagin Lake. The lakes are part of the catchment system of the Blackwood River but as a result of the flat topography, low average rainfall and existence of an extensive network of salt lakes, the eastern creeks and rivers rarely contribute any flows to the river.[6] Early twentieth century Wagin and nearby residents utilised the lake and surrounds for picnics.[7][8][9][10] The Wait-Jen trail, a {{cvt|10.5|km|adj=on}} walking trail, passes by the side of the lake and finishes at Norring Lake to the south west. Wait-Jen means emu’s foot print in the local Noongar language; the trail follows an ancient dreamtime track taken by the Wagyl. The trail was opened in 2003 and features interpretive signage and information panels.[11][12] FloraAround the fringes of the lake there is a narrow belt of vegetation, composed mostly of an Eucalyptus loxophleba overstorey with an understorey of Acacia acuminata on the eastern side. The western bank has a woodland dominated by Casuarina obesa, while Melaleuca halmaturorum is found on the northern fringe. Samphire, Halosarcia lepidosperma and species of Sarcocornia are found on the low-lying margins of the lake.[3] FaunaEighteen species of waterbird have been recorded around the lake,[13][14] including the salt tolerant Australian shelduck and the banded stilt, which were both numerous. There was also a large number of silver gulls, thought to be a result of the proximity of the lake to a waste disposal site.[3] Species with much smaller populations include black swan, black-winged stilt, curlew sandpiper, eurasian coot, grey teal, hooded plover, pacific black duck, pink-eared duck, red-capped plover, hoary-headed grebe, white-faced heron, australasian shoveler and red-necked stint.[13] Six species of crustacean have been found in the lake, including Australocypris insularis, Diacypris compacta and Platycypris baueri. Three species of insect have been recorded, including Necterosoma penicillatus and a species of Tanytarsus.[3] The endangered red-tailed phascogale has been recorded in the nature reserve.[15] See also
References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25515307 |title=News and notes|newspaper=The West Australian |volume=XXI, |issue=5,989 |location=Western Australia |date=27 May 1905 |accessdate=17 December 2018 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/761994ab-42cc-4f24-952c-c21221861884/files/capad2016wa.xlsx|title=Terrestrial Protected areas in Western Australia (2016)|accessdate=16 December 2018|publisher=Department of Environment}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/about/science/cswa/articles/91.pdf|title=Wetland monitoring in the Wheatbelt of south-west Western Australia: site descriptions, waterbird, aquatic invertebrate and groundwater data|accessdate=16 December 2018|author1=D.J.Cale|author2=S.A.Halse|author3=C.D.Walker|work=Conservation Science Western Australia|year=2004|volume=5|publisher=Department of Parks and Wildlife}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article209332858 |title=Farming operations around Nippering, Bullock Hills and Coblinine River.|newspaper=The Southern Argus and Wagin-Arthur Express |volume=II, |issue=59 |location=Western Australia |date=26 May 1906 |accessdate=16 December 2018 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.water.wa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/5593/11645.pdf|title=Hydrogeology of the Blackwood River Catchment, Western Australia|accessdate=16 December 2018|work=Water and Rivers Commission Report|year=2000|publisher=Government of Western Australia}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.wagin.wa.gov.au/Profiles/wagin/Assets/ClientData/Document-Centre/Agendas/2018/15_May_Agenda_-_Attachments.pdf|title=Shire of Wagin AGRN 743 Surface Trough and Associated Flooding (Jan/Feb 2017) Project Progress Report (May 2018)|accessdate=16 December 2018|year=2018|publisher=Shire of Wagin}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204870702 |title=Picnic at Parkeyerring Lake. |newspaper=The Southern Argus and Wagin-Arthur Express |volume=III, |issue=141 |location=Western Australia |date=3 January 1908 |accessdate=17 December 2018 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article206566467 |title=Methodist picnic |newspaper=The Southern Argus and Wagin-Arthur Express |volume=XII, |issue=70 |location=Western Australia |date=6 April 1918 |accessdate=17 December 2018 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article206565621 |title=Convent school picnic |newspaper=The Southern Argus And Wagin-arthur Express |volume=XI, |issue=640 |location=Western Australia |date=20 October 1917 |accessdate=17 December 2018 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202961706 |title=Local and General Items. |newspaper=The Southern Argus And Wagin-arthur Express |volume=V, |issue=248 |location=Western Australia |date=29 January 1910 |accessdate=17 December 2018 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23604/20060213-0000/www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/media/media01-05.nsf/d3ea7ba6c70aeaae48256a7300318397/dc2fc6f7a2cec91348256d21002019be02ec.html|title=Opening of the Wait-jen Trail|date=11 May 2003|work=Media Statement|publisher=Government of Western Australia}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wagin.wa.gov.au/community/landcare/landcare-news.aspx|title=Landcare News|accessdate=16 December 2018|publisher=Shire of Wagin}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://library.dbca.wa.gov.au/static/FullTextFiles/PAM01145.e.pdf|title=Lake Parkeyerring Waterbirds |accessdate=16 December 2018|publisher=Department of Environment and Conservation}} 14. ^{{Citation | author1=Cale, David | author2=Halse, Stuart | author3=Western Australia. Dept. of Environment and Conservation | title=Lake Parkeyerring waterbirds | publication-date=2006 | publisher=Department of Environment and Conservation | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/161802027 | accessdate=17 December 2018 }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/conservation-management/pests-diseases/red-tailed-phascogale_2012.pdf|title=Red-tailed Phascogale Phascogale calura (Gould, 1844)|accessdate=16 December 2018|work=Fauna Profiles|publisher=Department of Parks and Wildlife}} 3 : Lakes of the Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Saline lakes of Western Australia|Noongar |
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