| 词条 | Briton Ferry |
| 释义 |
|country = Wales |coordinates = {{coord|51.64|-3.83|display=inline,title}} |constituency_welsh_assembly= |map_type= |static_image_name=Neath Road, Briton Ferry - geograph.org.uk - 127633.jpg |official_name= Briton Ferry |welsh_name=Llansawel |population= 5,911 |population_ref=(2 Wards 2011)[1][2] |unitary_wales= Neath Port Talbot |lieutenancy_wales= West Glamorgan |constituency_westminster= Aberavon |post_town= NEATH |postcode_district = SA11 |postcode_area= SA |dial_code= 01639 |os_grid_reference= SS735945 }} Briton Ferry ({{lang-cy|Llansawel}}) is a town and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales. The town encompasses the electoral wards of Briton Ferry East and Briton Ferry West. Briton Ferry is on the mouth of the River Neath where it enters Swansea Bay and was the first river crossing along the Roman road that followed the coastline along that part of South Wales. The river crossing was by ferry boat some {{convert|2|mi|km}} from the bridge across the River Neath at Neath. At certain low tides it was possible to walk across the river via a ford close to the ferry route using stepping stones. The town is served by Briton Ferry railway station. There are remains of ancient stone age settlements on the hills above Briton Ferry, and two hillforts within the community, Buarth-y-Gaer and Gaer Fawr are on Mynydd-y-Gaer, alongside the boundary with Baglan.[3] The town was part of the Briton Ferry Estate.[4] Industrial developmentThe Industrial Revolution brought factories such as the Albion Steel Works, the English Crown Spelter Works and the Baglan Bay Tinplate Works. These were built on land close to the River Neath and the new South Wales Railway,[5] built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. In 1840 an area of about {{convert|750|acre|km2}} of land in Cwmafan was leased for 99 years to John Vigurs and subsequently passed to Wright, Butler & Co. Ltd, then to Baldwins Ltd. The terraces of houses built on this land were sublet in 1897 and 1898 for the remainder of the term of this lease, but many were declared unfit for habitation in the 1930s, and demolished.[4] The industrial development and industrialisation attracted other railways, including the Neath and Brecon Railway, the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway, and the South Wales Mineral Railway[6] with its cable powered incline. Briton Ferry floating dockIn the 1850s the Briton Ferry Floating Dock Company was incorporated, and bought land from the Earl of Jersey to build the Briton Ferry Docks.[4] When it opened in 1861, the dock consisted of an outer tidal basin, and an inner floating dock, where the water level was maintained by a single gate, which included a buoyancy chamber. It covered an area of {{convert|23.7|acre|ha}}.[7] The gate was {{convert|56|ft|m}} wide, and the unique structure with its floating caisson was designed by Brunel's father, Sir Marc Brunel.[8] Following Brunel's death in 1859, Robert Brereton took over as engineer, and also acted as engineer for improvements made in 1872 and 1873.[9] The company later went bankrupt and the Great Western Railway took over the docks as a going concern.[4] After World War II many warships were scrapped there, until the dock was closed in 1959.[7] As part of a regeneration programme, a tower, which formed part of the complex, has been refurbished. It was an accumulator tower for the hydraulic system which operated the dock gate and cranes. The system was designed by William Armstrong, and in 2010, the Institution of Civil Engineers unveiled a plaque at the site to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his birth.[10] The shipbreaking of WW2 ships, for example HMS Bermuda, took place at Giants Grave upstream of the floating dock, and north of the M4 and A48. The Mouchel phenomenonIn 1875, the French-born engineer Louis Gustave Mouchel established himself in Briton Ferry and quickly became involved in a number of successful enterprises. His consultancy company was directly responsible for introducing ferro-concrete (also called 'reinforced concrete') to Britain, with the claimed first entirely ferro-concrete building in the UK constructed for the Weaver and Co mills in neighbouring Swansea. So important was Briton Ferry for trade with France that Mouchel was, from 1879 to his death, French Consular Agent to 'Briton Ferry, Talbot, Porthcawl and Neath Abbey'. Deindustrialisation{{Refimprove section|date=November 2008}}The industrial revolution brought much expansion to Briton Ferry that included iron works, steel works, tinplate production and engineering. Production generally lasted until the 1970s. In 1951 as industry began to dwindle, portions of the estate were sold to the Principality Property Co., Estateways Builders, John Oliver Watkins, the City & Provincial Housing Association and Gwalia Land & Property Developments Ltd. Huw Pudner and Chris Hastings, two local songwriters, have written Giants Grave a song about the shipbreaking industry in Briton Ferry. The song was used in the film The History of Briton Ferry by Jason May. Modern developmentA new bridge across the River Neath was completed in 1955 and a second one, built to carry the M4 Motorway, was completed in 1994.[11] The main line railway still passes through, but the industries have closed, resulting in Briton Ferry being a dormitory suburb of the new Neath Port Talbot County Borough.[12] The sailing ships with destinations all over the world that used to berth in Brunel’s ports have disappeared, as has the docks, which is now filled in with only a few remains to be seen. But work has now started to restore Brunel's tower, with a restoration group presently trying to restore what remains of the unique Brunel dock (the only one in the world to use a floating chamber) to working order, for use by fishing boats and yachts.[8] Sport
Notable peopleSee Category:People from Briton Ferry
Nearest places
Twin Towns
References{{Wikisource1911Enc|Briton-Ferry}}1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/briton-ferry-east-w05000556#sthash.1P3Jj0t3.dpbs|title=Briton Ferry East Ward 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/briton-ferry-west-w05000557#sthash.62CmSNgV.dpbs|title=Briton Ferry West Ward 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2011}} 3. ^Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Society: {{Watprn|GGAT|00679w}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=34&coll_id=1203&expand= |title=West Glamorgan Archive Service: Briton Ferry Estate |publisher=Archives Wales |accessdate=2011-04-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044604/http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=34&coll_id=1203&expand= |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^South Wales Railway 6. ^South Wales Mineral Railway 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/34237/details/BRITON+FERRY+DOCK/ |title=Briton Ferry Dock |publisher=Royal Commission on the ancient and historical monuments of Wales |accessdate=2011-04-16}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/page.cfm?objectid=12875038&method=full&siteid=50082&headline=Brunel%252520Dock's%252520kiss%252520of%252520life%25253F |title=Brunel Dock's kiss of life? |author=Colin Hughes |publisher=The Western Mail |date=22 April 2003 |accessdate=2011-04-16}} 9. ^{{cite book |author=Peter Cross-Rudkin |title=A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 2: 1830 to 1890 |publisher=Thomas Telford |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7277-3504-1|display-authors=etal}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/news/Industry-award-honour-docks-pioneer-s-work/article-2949661-detail/article.html |title=Industry award to honour docks pioneer's work |author=Gill Roberts |date=30 November 2010 |publisher=Evening Post |accessdate=2011-04-16}} 11. ^M4 Baglan to Lonlas Construction {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524233059/http://www.traffic-wales.com/about/about.php?lang=english&type=baglan |date=24 May 2006 }} 12. ^Neath Port Talbot County Borough council 13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://britonferrytown.play-cricket.com/ |title=Briton Ferry Town CC |website=Briton Ferry Town CC | publisher=England and Wales Cricket Board|language=en |access-date=2017-09-26}} 14. ^'David Elias', Wiki Countdown. [accessed 9 April 2012] 15. ^David Elias, 'David Elias', University Challenge. [accessed 9 April 2012] External links
5 : Communities in Neath Port Talbot|Towns in Neath Port Talbot|Ports and harbours of Wales|Ports and harbours of the Bristol Channel|Briton Ferry |
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