| 词条 | Caroline Lucas |
| 释义 |
| name = Caroline Lucas | honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MP}} | image = Caroline Lucas MP.jpg | office = Leader of the Green Party | alongside = Jonathan Bartley | deputy = Amelia Womack | term_start = 2 September 2016 | term_end = 4 September 2018 | predecessor = Natalie Bennett | successor = Jonathan Bartley and Siân Berry | deputy1 = Adrian Ramsay | term_start1 = 5 September 2008 | term_end1 = 5 September 2012 | predecessor1 = Position established | successor1 = Natalie Bennett | office2 = Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales | term_start2 = 30 November 2007 | term_end2 = 5 September 2008 | predecessor2 = Siân Berry | successor2 = Position abolished | term_start3 = 2003 | term_end3 = 24 November 2006 | predecessor3 = Margaret Wright | successor3 = Siân Berry | office4 = Member of Parliament for Brighton Pavilion | term_start4 = 6 May 2010 | term_end4 = | predecessor4 = David Lepper | successor4 = | majority4 = 14,699 (25.5%) | office5 = Member of the European Parliament for South East England | term_start5 = 14 June 1999 | term_end5 = 6 May 2010 | predecessor5 = Constituency established | successor5 = Keith Taylor | birth_name = Caroline Patricia Lucas | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|12|9|df=y}} | birth_place = Malvern, England, UK | death_date = | death_place = | party = Green Party UK {{small|(1986–1990)}} Green Party of England and Wales {{small|(1990–present)}} | spouse = Richard Savage | children = 2 | education = Malvern Girls' College | alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
| website = {{URL|carolinelucas.com}} }} Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960)[1] is a British Green Party politician who has twice led the party and has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brighton Pavilion since the 2010 general election. She was re-elected in the 2015 and 2017 general elections with an increased majority. Born in Malvern in Worcestershire, Lucas graduated from the University of Exeter and the University of Kansas before receiving a PhD from the University of Exeter in 1989.[1] She joined the Green Party in 1986 and held various party roles, also serving on Oxfordshire County Council from 1993 to 1997. She was elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England in 1999 and re-elected in 2004 and 2009,[2][3] also serving as the party's Female Principal Speaker from 2003 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2008. Lucas was elected the first leader of the Green Party in 2008 and was elected to represent the constituency of Brighton Pavilion in the 2010 general election, becoming the party's first MP. She stood down as party leader in 2012 to devote more time to her parliamentary duties and focus on an ultimately successful campaign to be re-elected as an MP. She returned as party leader from September 2016 to September 2018, sharing the post with Jonathan Bartley. She is known as a campaigner and writer on green economics, localisation, alternatives to globalisation, trade justice, animal welfare and food. In her time as a politician and activist, she has worked with non-governmental organisations and think tanks, including the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and Oxfam. Early life and educationLucas was born in Malvern in Worcestershire, to middle-class, Conservative parents[4] Peter and Valerie Lucas.[5] She is one of three children; her father ran a small central heating company, and sold solar panelling.[6][7] Lucas was educated at Malvern Girls' College (which became Malvern St James in 2006), a boarding independent school in Great Malvern. She then went to the University of Exeter, where she gained a first-class BA (Hons) in English Literature, graduating in 1983.[4][8] While at university, Lucas went on many trips to Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp and Molesworth peace camp when involved with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). Lucas was an activist in CND and was involved in the Snowball Campaign against US military bases in the UK which involved the cutting of fences with the expectation of being arrested.[9] Lucas won a scholarship at the University of Kansas between 1983 and 1984, then gained a Diploma of Journalism,[6] before studying a PhD in English from the University of Exeter (awarded 1990)[1][10] with a thesis entitled Writing for Women: a study of woman as reader in Elizabethan romance.[17] After her doctorate, Lucas worked as a press officer for Oxfam from 1989.[7] Later, she worked for the charity in other roles, remaining active in the Green Party, but left Oxfam in 1999.[7] Life and careerEarly political careerAfter being "utterly inspired" by Jonathon Porritt's book Seeing Green, Lucas joined the Green Party in 1986. She recalled in 2007: "I thought, right! I'm going there now" to the Green's main office on Clapham High Street, near where she lived. "I'm just going to dedicate the rest of my life to this party".[9] Soon afterwards she became the party's National Press Officer (1987–89) and Co-Chair (1989–90).[11] Lucas has a reputation as a party moderniser. In a 2009 Guardian interview, she told Decca Aitkenhead: "when I was putting people up to go on TV programmes I'd be saying to them, 'What are you planning to wear?', and they'd be slightly offended that I'd even think of asking the question. But I do genuinely think that has changed, a lot. It's a recognition, not that there's some kind of terrible compromise about putting on a tie, but that actually you don't want people to be focusing on what you look like but on what you're saying".[12] When the Green Party became three separate parties in 1990 for the constituent parts of the United Kingdom, she joined the Green Party of England and Wales. Lucas served as their General Election Speaker from 1991 (for the following year's general election) and a Regional Council Member from 1997.[13] Lucas's first success in an election came when she gained the Green Party's second council seat in the UK on Oxfordshire County Council, which she held between 1993 and 1997.[14] Green Party MEPLucas was first elected as a Member of the European Parliament for the South East England Region at the 1999 elections, the first year the election was by proportional representation. In that year the Green Party gained 7.4% of the vote (110,571 votes). In November 2001, she was convicted of a breach of the peace at the Faslane nuclear base in Scotland the previous February and fined £150 for her participation in a CND sit-down protest. Conducting her own defence at the trial, she pleaded not guilty. Lucas argued that she had a right under the Human Rights Act to peaceful protest following on from her firm anti-nuclear attitudes.[15][16] Faslane is the base used for Britain's Trident nuclear programme. She was arrested for a protest at the same location in 2007. "It still seems ironic that it is a non-violent demonstration that is judged to be a breach of the peace, rather than Britain's illegal and immoral possession of nuclear weapons", she wrote at the time.[17] Lucas was re-elected in 2004, gaining 173,351 votes (8% share), and again in the 2009 election when the party's vote under the list system rose to 271,506, or 11.6%.[18] In the European Parliament, she was a member of the Committee for Trade, Industry, Energy and Research; the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy;[14] the Committee on International Trade; and the Temporary Committee on Climate Change.[17] Lucas was an early signatory of the International Simultaneous Policy (SIMPOL) which seeks to end the usual deadlock in tackling global issues. Lucas became a signatory in June 2004.[19] In addition, she is or has been Vice-President of the Animal Welfare Intergroup, a member of Intergroups on Peace Issues and Consumer Affairs, a member of the Parliament's Delegation to ACP (African Caribbean, and Pacific) countries,[14] and a member of the Delegation for Relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council.[17] As part of her committee work, she was the Parliament's Rapporteur (draftsperson) on a Commission Communication on the impact of air transport on the environment, and the Vice-President of the parliament's committee of inquiry into foot-and-mouth disease.[14] In July 2008, Lucas joined the Green New Deal Group, an alliance of experts in finance, energy and the environment. The group put forward plans to invest in green energy, provide greater regulation of the finance sector, and strengthen ties between environmentalists, industry, agriculture, and trade unions. The proposals were put forth in response to fears over the recession, climate change, and increasing energy prices, and stressed the need for integrative policies towards tackling all three.[20] She held the party's post of Female Principal Speaker from 2003 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2008.[21] Green Party Leader (2008–12)Lucas was elected as the Green Party's first leader on 5 September 2008, gaining 92% of the vote (against one other candidate, Ashley Gunstock) on a turnout of 38%. Previously the party had operated under a collective leadership. The change "was about having a face the country recognises - or hopefully", she told Decca Aitkenhead in 2009, "comes to recognise. It was in recognition of the fact that people don't really relate to abstract ideas, they relate more to the people who embody them."[12] Lucas was elected as the Green Party's first-ever MP (for Brighton Pavilion) at the general election of 2010. In July 2010, Lucas expressed her support for seven campaigners of the Smash EDO campaign who had caused approximately £180,000 damage to an EDO MBM arms factory and were acquitted of conspiring to cause criminal damage. The jury accepted their defence of lawful excuse – action undertaken to prevent a much worse crime – because the company manufactured and sold certain components used by the Israeli military, notably in its assault on Gaza. Lucas stated that: "I am absolutely delighted the jury has recognised that the actions of the decommissioners were a legitimate response to the atrocities being committed in Gaza. I do not advocate non-violent direct action lightly ... [but] their actions were driven by the responsibility to prevent further suffering in Gaza."[22] On 14 May 2012, Lucas announced she would be standing down as leader as of September 2012 "in order to broaden opportunities for the range of talent in the party and to raise the profiles of others aspiring to election". She added "I'm proud that during the four years of my term, we've moved Green politics forward to a higher level, with the party by far the most influential it has ever been".[23] Brighton PavilionBrighton Pavilion had the highest vote in the 2005 general election for a Green Party candidate when Keith Taylor, a former Green Party Principal Speaker, gained 22% of the vote. In 2007, Lucas declared her intention to stand for the Green Party's nomination for the prospective parliamentary candidate in the Brighton Pavilion constituency for the next general election. In a letter to party members, she indicated that she would only stand if she won the internal party selection election by more than 10%, to avoid internal division. She described the move as "the most difficult decision of my life", due to "personal and family commitments" but also her "loyalty and commitment to Keith Taylor, who is a person and a politician for whom I have great admiration and respect".[24] On 18 July 2007, it was announced that Lucas had been selected by the Brighton Green Party. Lucas won with 55% of the party ballot against Keith Taylor's 45%.[3]In May 2010, Lucas was elected as the first Green MP to Westminster with a majority of 1,252.[25] As well as being the first Green MP, Lucas was also the first woman to be elected as an MP for Brighton.[25] She delivered her maiden speech on 27 May 2010.[26] Lucas opposed the presentation of bare-breasted models on page 3 in The Sun and in 2013 was reprimanded for transgressing the Westminster dress code by wearing a T-shirt with the logo "No More Page Three" to protest against the feature during a Commons debate.[27] On 19 August 2013, Lucas was arrested at a non-violent protest against Cuadrilla Resources fracking operations in Sussex.[28] She was subsequently charged with obstructing a public highway but was found not guilty on 17 April 2014 at Brighton Magistrates' Court. After the hearing, Lucas said: "This judgement is right but this is not a victory or cause for celebration. We will continue to campaign to end fracking and only celebrate when our world is on the path to a clean energy future".[29] In the 2015 general election, Lucas was re-elected with a much increased majority of 7,967 and vote share.[30] In the 2017 general election Lucas increased her majority to 14,689, elected on 52.3% of the vote.[31] Co-leader with Jonathan BartleyOn 31 May 2016, it was announced that Lucas would run for the position of the Leader of the Green Party in a job share arrangement with the welfare spokesman Jonathan Bartley in the forthcoming 2016 Green Party leadership election.[32] On 2 September, it was announced that Lucas and Bartley had been elected with 86% of first-preference votes.[33] Lucas said the party would strive to preserve the rights of EU nationals living in Britain, and EU rules on workers’ rights and the environment, among other policies.[33] In May 2018, Lucas announced that at the end of her two-year term in September, she would not seek re-election as co-leader of the Green Party.[34] In an article for The Guardian, Lucas wrote that "it’s now time for me to show the power of letting go".[35] Other roles, writings and viewsLucas is vice-president of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA)[36] and has been on the National Council of CND since 2004.[37] She is also Vice Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Peak Oil and Gas.[38] A former vice-president of the Stop the War Coalition, she resigned from the post in December 2015.[39] According to a statement from Lucas's office, her "busy parliamentary and constituency schedule means that she doesn’t have time to fully engage with the role of a patron and, in light of some recent StWC positions that she didn’t support, she felt standing down was the responsible thing to do".[40][41] Lucas has served as an advisory board member to the International Forum on Globalisation,{{fact|date=March 2019}} the Centre for a Social Europe[21] and the Protect the Local, Globally think-tank.[42] She has been a Trustee of the Radiation Research Trust and Patron of the Joliba Trust (Africa). She is Matron of the Women's Environmental Network. Between 1997 and 1998, she was called upon as a Policy Adviser on Trade and Investment for the UK government's Department for International Development.[21] Lucas is a prolific writer of reports, articles and books on the subjects of trade justice, localisation, globalisation, animal welfare and food, in which she is critical of free trade, a Single European Currency, trade-led developmental policies, genetically modified (GM) food and a lack of attention to environmental and social issues.[42] Her most substantial work is Green Alternatives to Globalisation: A Manifesto (co-authored with Mike Woodin), which advocates localisation of economies based on minimal trade and greater social and environmental concern, in opposition to neo-liberal, market-led forces of globalisation.[43] Lucas is an advocate for reform of UK drug laws. She has called for the law to have an evidence based approach to drugs that also treats drugs as a health matter, rather than a criminal one.[44][45][46] In early 2013, Lucas co-signed a letter which was published in The Guardian newspaper which officially marked her support for the People's Assembly movement.[47] She also gave a speech at the People's Assembly Conference, held at Westminster Central Hall on 22 June 2013. A book by Lucas on her time in parliament, Honourable Friends: Parliament and the Fight for Change, was published in 2015.[48] In August 2015, Lucas endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election. She wrote in The Independent: "I've never felt so optimistic about a potential leader of the Labour Party. For the first time in my memory, the party of Keir Hardie and Clement Attlee looks likely to be led again by someone who dares to stand up for the radical changes demanded by the challenges we face."[49] On 15 April 2018, Lucas attended the launch event of the People's Vote, a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union.[50] AwardsIn her time as a politician and activist, Lucas has won the 2006 Michael Kay Award "for her outstanding contribution to European animal welfare" from the RSPCA.[51] Lucas has won the award for Politician of the Year in The Observer Newspaper Ethical Awards three times. The award is voted for by Observer readers, who chose her to win in 2007, 2009 and 2010.[52][53][54] In 2008 she was listed by The Guardian as one of "50 people who could save the planet".[55] In October 2008, Lucas was winner in the Trade category of The Parliament magazine MEP Awards 2008.[56] The awards are voted for by MEPs and NGOs. In April 2010 Lucas won Best UK Politician in The Independent Green Awards[57] and in November 2010 she was awarded "Newcomer of the Year" in The Spectator Parliamentarian of the Year awards.[58] In July 2011 she was awarded "Best all-rounder" in the Total Politics End of Year MP awards[59] and in September 2011 she was awarded "MP of the Year" in the Women in Public Life Awards 2011.[60] Also in 2011 she was given the Political Studies Association award for "Influencing the Political Agenda"[61] and voted "Progressive of the Year" in Left Foot Forward's readers' poll.[62] Personal lifeIn 1991, Lucas married Richard Savage. The couple have two sons, one of whom is an academic at the University of California, Santa Barbara.[5][41][63] She is a pescetarian (consumes fish but no other meat),[64] telling Decca Aitkenhead in 2009, "I did try being a vegan".[12] FilmsIn 2016 a short documentary film about Lucas, One Green Seat, directed by Daniel Ifans and produced by We Are Tilt,[65][66][67] was an Official Selection at the 2017 Artemis Women In Action Film Festival in Santa Monica, California.[68] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Exeter|url=https://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/31458672?style=html|title=Writing for women : a study of woman as a reader in Elizabethan romance|first= Caroline|last=Lucas|date=1989|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.328713}}|website=jisc.ac.uk|oclc=1088533841}} 2. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/feb/08/brighton-green-mp-caroline-lucas | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Could Brighton Pavilion elect Britain's first Green MP? | first=John | last=Harris | date=8 February 2010 | accessdate=28 April 2010 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218053639/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/feb/08/brighton-green-mp-caroline-lucas | archivedate=18 December 2013 | df=dmy-all }} 3. ^1 Greens Pick MEP Lucas to Run for MP, Brighton Argus, 18 July 2007 4. ^1 {{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/green-party/7981297/Caroline-Lucas-the-Green-in-beige-who-could-be-Nick-Cleggs-nemesis.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Caroline Lucas: the Green in beige who could be Nick Clegg's nemesis | date=3 September 2010}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{Who's Who | author=Anon| surname = Lucas | othernames = Dr. Caroline | id = U25060 | year = 2014 | doi =10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U25060 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|last=Spanner|first=Huw|url=http://www.thirdwaymagazine.co.uk/editions/archive/high-profile/green-shift.aspx |title=Green Shift |publisher=Thirdwaymagazine.co.uk |date=4 February 2005 |accessdate=7 May 2010}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/feb/28/caroline-lucas-im-not-playing-about|title=Caroline Lucas: 'I’m not in politics to play about'|work=The Guardian|date=28 February 2015|accessdate=8 December 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102115646/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/feb/28/caroline-lucas-im-not-playing-about|archivedate=2 January 2016|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4374941.stm | work=BBC News | first=Nick | last=Assinder | title=Interview: Caroline Lucas | date=1 April 2005 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331185502/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4374941.stm | archivedate=31 March 2009 | df=dmy-all }} 9. ^1 {{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Sarah|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/1583229.Profile_on_Caroline_Lucas_MEP/|title=Profile on Caroline Lucas MEP|work=The Argus|location=Brighton|date=30 July 2007|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.exeter.ac.uk/alumnisupporters/news/featurednews/title_290573_en.html|title=Ask...Green Party Member of Parliament Caroline Lucas|publisher=University of Exeter|date=14 May 2013|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.greenparty.org.uk/people/caroline-lucas.html|title=Caroline Lucas|publisher=Green Party|accessdate=8 December 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106101722/https://www.greenparty.org.uk/people/caroline-lucas.html|archivedate=6 January 2016|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Aitkenhead|first=Decc|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/may/18/interview-caroline-lucas-green-party|title=Caroline Lucas: 'We've got to get better at painting a positive vision of a post-carbon world. 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news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1677153.stm|title=MEP fined over nuclear base protest|publisher=BBC News|date=26 November 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}} 16. ^{{cite news|last=Cramb|first=Auslan|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1363566/Ill-risk-jail-says-MEP-fined-over-Faslane.html|title=I'll risk jail, says MEP fined over Faslane|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 November 2001|accessdate=4 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010071013/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1363566/Ill-risk-jail-says-MEP-fined-over-Faslane.html|archivedate=10 October 2016|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite news|last=Lucas|first=Caroline|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/jan/10/ethicalliving.environment|title=Why it's vital to fight against this nuclear breach of peace|work=The Guardian|date=10 January 2007|accessdate=4 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923155042/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/jan/10/ethicalliving.environment|archivedate=23 September 2016|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/vote2004/euro_uk/html/35.stm | work=BBC News | title=South East European Election Result | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602060316/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/vote2004/euro_uk/html/35.stm | archivedate=2 June 2009 | df=dmy-all }} 19. ^MPs who have signed the Simpol Pledge: uk.simpol.org – MPs who have signed the Simpol Pledge 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenparty.org.uk/news-archive/3493.html|title=UK needs a 'Green New Deal'|date=20 July 2008|accessdate=4 January 2009}} 21. ^1 2 3 4 5 Dr. Caroline Lucas MEP {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108164829/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/view.do?country=GB&partNumber=1&zone=South+East&language=EN&id=4524 |date=8 January 2008 }}, in the European Parliament. 22. ^{{cite news|journal=The Guardian|last1=van der Zee|first1=Bibi|last2=Evans|first2=Rob|title=Brighton MP declares support for acquitted Gaza campaigners|date=2 July 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jul/02/brighton-mp-support-gaza-campaigners|accessdate=3 July 2010|location=London|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915144548/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jul/02/brighton-mp-support-gaza-campaigners|archivedate=15 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/may/13/caroline-lucas-green-party?newsfeed=true|publisher=The Guardian|title=Caroline Lucas to step down as leader of the Green party|first=Ben|last=Quinn|date=13 May 2012|location=London|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308224829/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/may/13/caroline-lucas-green-party?newsfeed=true|archivedate=8 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} 24. 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}} 28. ^{{cite news|title=Green MP Caroline Lucas arrested at climate protest|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-23753750|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=26 August 2013|date=19 August 2013}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=Green MP Caroline Lucas cleared over fracking protest|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27069345|accessdate=17 April 2014|publisher=BBC News|date=17 April 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418162822/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27069345|archivedate=18 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Brighton Pavilion Parliamentary constituency|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000598|website=BBC News|accessdate=8 May 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZBYURcpP?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000598|archivedate=10 June 2015|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Brighton Pavilion Parliamentary constituency|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000598|website=BBC News|accessdate=9 February 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6x5e8DYSk?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000598|archivedate=9 February 2018|df=dmy-all}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/may/31/caroline-lucas-stand-green-party-leadership-job-share|title=Caroline Lucas to stand for Green party leadership as job share|last=Stewart|first=Heather|work=The Guardian|date=31 May 2016|accessdate=31 May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601135553/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/may/31/caroline-lucas-stand-green-party-leadership-job-share|archivedate=1 June 2016|df=dmy-all}} 33. ^1 {{cite news|last=Walker|first=Peter|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/02/caroline-lucas-and-jonathan-bartley-voted-joint-leaders-of-green-party|title=Caroline Lucas and Jonathan Bartley voted joint leaders of Green party|work=The Guardian|date=2 September 2016|accessdate=2 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902135114/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/02/caroline-lucas-and-jonathan-bartley-voted-joint-leaders-of-green-party|archivedate=2 September 2016|df=dmy-all}} 34. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44297817|title=Caroline Lucas to step down as Green Party co-leader|publisher=BBC News|date=30 May 2018}} 35. ^{{cite news|last=Lucas|first=Caroline|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/30/green-party-leader-politics-environment-caroline-lucas|title=Why I’m not going to stand again to be Green party leader|work=The Guardian|date=30 May 2018|accessdate=30 May 2018}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rspca.org.uk/in-action/aboutus/corporate/patronsandvps|publisher=RSPCA|title=Patrons and vice-presidents}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.carolinelucasmep.org.uk/2005/10/20/green-mep-re-elected-to-cnd-national-council/|publisher=Green Party|title=Green MEP Re-elected To CND National Council|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316102048/http://www.carolinelucasmep.org.uk/2005/10/20/green-mep-re-elected-to-cnd-national-council/|archivedate=16 March 2012|df=dmy-all}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://appgopo.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26|publisher=All Party Parliamentary Group on Peak Oil and Gas|title=Membership}} 39. ^{{cite news|last=Hughes|first=Laura|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/12039333/Caroline-Lucas-resigns-from-Stop-the-War-after-finding-herself-unable-to-support-groups-recent-positions.html|title=Caroline Lucas resigns from Stop the War, after finding herself unable to support group's 'recent positions'|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 December 2015|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 40. ^{{cite news|last=Perraudin|first=Frances|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/dec/08/caroline-lucas-steps-down-from-stop-the-war-coalition|title=Green MP Caroline Lucas steps down from Stop the War Coalition role|work=The Guardian|date=8 December 2015|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 41. ^1 {{cite web|last=Riddell|first=Mary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/green-party/12046519/Caroline-Lucas-I-dont-want-to-be-a-stick-to-beat-Jeremy-Corbyn-with.html|title=Caroline Lucas: I don't want to be a stick to beat Jeremy Corbyn with|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=13 December 2015|accessdate=2 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920050123/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/green-party/12046519/Caroline-Lucas-I-dont-want-to-be-a-stick-to-beat-Jeremy-Corbyn-with.html|archivedate=20 September 2016|df=dmy-all}} 42. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20020406014047/http://carolinelucasmep.org.uk/framesets/biog.html Dr Caroline Lucas MEP's Biography] on her own website 43. ^{{cite book|title=Green Alternatives to Globalisation|year=2004|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=0-7453-1932-7|page=262|author=Michael Woodin and Caroline Lucas}} 44. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-29821698 |title= Drugs policy: End 'robotic rhetoric' says minister |work= BBC News |date= 30 October 2014 |accessdate= 9 March 2019}} 45. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.carolinelucas.com/issues/health-and-public-services |title= Health and public services |work= www.carolinelucas.com |accessdate= 9 March 2019}} 46. ^{{cite web |url= https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmhaff/184/184we146.htm |title= Home Affairs Committee - Drugs: Breaking the Cycle - Written evidence submitted by Caroline Lucas, MP for Brighton Pavilion (DP173) |work= www.parliament.uk |date= 8 December 2012 |accessdate= 9 March 2019}} 47. ^People's Assembly opening letter {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/feb/05/people-assembly-against-austerity |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-09-16 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725065133/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/feb/05/people-assembly-against-austerity |archivedate=25 July 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 5 February 2013, The Guardian Newspaper. 48. ^{{cite book|author=Caroline Lucas|title=Honourable Friends: Parliament and the Fight for Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36egBgAAQBAJ|date=5 March 2015|publisher=Granta Publications|isbn=978-1-84627-594-4}} 49. ^{{cite news|last=Lucas|first=Caroline|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/my-message-to-jeremy-corbyn-i-can-help-you-build-a-progressive-majority-10469934.html|title=My message to Jeremy Corbyn: I can help you build a progressive majority|work=|location=|publisher=The Independent|date=24 August 2015|accessdate=15 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715071735/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/my-message-to-jeremy-corbyn-i-can-help-you-build-a-progressive-majority-10469934.html|archivedate=15 July 2017|df=dmy-all}} 50. ^{{cite news|title = Brexit: 'People's Vote' campaign group launched|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43774200|work=BBC News|date=15 April 2018|access-date=17 April 2018}} 51. ^RSPCA Presents Lucas With ‘Michael Kay’ Award For Animal Welfare Work {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422134538/http://www.carolinelucasmep.org.uk/2006/06/27/rspca-presents-lucas-with-%E2%80%98michael-kay-award-for-animal-welfare-work/ |date=22 April 2014 }} 52. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/jun/10/ethicalliving.lifeandhealth3 Who cares wins...] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928014401/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/jun/10/ethicalliving.lifeandhealth3 |date=28 September 2016 }}, The Guardian 53. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/observer-ethical-awards/gallery/observer-ethical-awards-2009?picture=348396981 The Observer Ethical Awards 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165209/http://www.theguardian.com/observer-ethical-awards/gallery/observer-ethical-awards-2009?picture=348396981 |date=6 March 2016 }}, The Guardian 54. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jun/13/emma-john-observer-ethical-awards-caroline-lucas-politician-award Observer Ethical Awards: Caroline Lucas, Ethical Politician Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307192518/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jun/13/emma-john-observer-ethical-awards-caroline-lucas-politician-award |date=7 March 2016 }}, The Guardian 55. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jan/05/activists.ethicalliving|publisher=The Guardian|title=50 people who could save the planet|accessdate=21 July 2011|location=London|first1=John|last1=Vidal|first2=David|last2=Adam|first3=Jonathan|last3=Watts|first4=Leo|last4=Hickman|first5=Ian|last5=Sample|date=4 January 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926044843/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jan/05/activists.ethicalliving|archivedate=26 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} 56. ^MEP Awards 2008 Winners {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012071517/http://www.theparliament.com/mepawards/winners |date=12 October 2009 }} 57. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/the-green-awards-our-experts-celebrate-those-doing-most-to-protect-our-fragile-environment-1944616.html The Green Awards: Our experts celebrate those doing most to protect our fragile environment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222193516/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/the-green-awards-our-experts-celebrate-those-doing-most-to-protect-our-fragile-environment-1944616.html |date=22 February 2017 }}, The Independent 58. ^Parliamentarian of the Year award recipients 2010, The Spectator {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121170338/http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6473858/parliamentarian-of-the-year-award-recipients-2010.thtml |date=21 November 2010 }} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/162072/the-end-of-year-mp-awards.thtml|publisher=Total Politics|title=The End of Year MP awards|accessdate=18 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903050250/http://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/162072/the-end-of-year-mp-awards.thtml|archivedate=3 September 2011|df=dmy-all}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.womeninpubliclifeawards.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=122&Itemid=19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005233239/http://www.womeninpubliclifeawards.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=122&Itemid=19|dead-url=yes|archive-date=5 October 2011|publisher=Dods Parliamentary Communications Limited|title=Women in Public Life Awards 2011|accessdate=18 September 2011}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/PSAPubs/Awards2011.pdf |publisher=Political Studies Association |title=2011 Political Studies Association Awards Ceremony |accessdate=29 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321061655/http://www.psa.ac.uk/PSAPubs/Awards2011.pdf |archivedate=21 March 2012 }} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leftfootforward.org/2011/12/look-left-23-12-11/|publisher=Left Foot Forward|title=Look Left – Look back at the year|accessdate=17 January 2012}} 63. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/people/theodore-lequesne|title=Theodore LeQuesne {{!}} Department of Global Studies - UC Santa Barbara|website=www.global.ucsb.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-07-14|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225144/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/people/theodore-lequesne|archivedate=28 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 64. ^{{cite web|last1=Hattenstone|first1=Simon|title=Caroline Lucas: 'I’m not in politics to play about'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/feb/28/caroline-lucas-im-not-playing-about|website=theguardian.com|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=1 December 2017|date=28 February 2015|quote=I eat fish. I stopped eating meat because it felt like something one could do practically that would make a small difference|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165420/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/feb/28/caroline-lucas-im-not-playing-about|archivedate=13 November 2017|df=dmy-all}} 65. ^{{Citation|title=One Green Seat|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6246828/|access-date=2019-02-04}} 66. ^{{Citation|last=Tilt|title=Bungaroosh - One Green Seat|date=2017-03-03|url=https://vimeo.com/206588425|access-date=2019-02-04}} 67. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm7582146/|title=Daniel Ifans|website=IMDb|access-date=2019-02-04}} 68. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.artemisfilmfestival.com/|title=Home|website=Artemis Women In Action Film Festival|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-04}} Bibliography
|title=Greens for a Better Europe: Twenty Years of Green Influence in the European Parliament, 1999-2019|location=London|publisher=London Publishing Partnership|year=2019|isbn=978-1-907994-88-3}}
|title=The Future of Britain's Nuclear Weapons|location=London|publisher=Oxford Research Group|year=2006|isbn=978-0-9511361-9-5}}
External links{{commons|Caroline Lucas|Caroline Lucas}}{{wikinewscat}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Natalie Bennett}}{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales|years=2016–present|alongside=Jonathan Bartley}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-par|uk}}{{s-bef|before=David Lepper}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Brighton Pavilion|years=2010–present}}{{s-inc}}{{s-end}}{{People's Vote}}{{Brighton and Hove}}{{GPEW|Elected}}{{Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucas, Caroline}} 34 : 1960 births|Living people|21st-century women politicians|Advocates of the European Union|Alumni of the University of Exeter|Articles containing video clips|Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament|Drug policy reform activists|English anti–nuclear weapons activists|English environmentalists|English feminists|English non-fiction writers|English republicans|English socialists|Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Green Party of England and Wales MEPs|Green Party of England and Wales politicians|Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom|MEPs for the United Kingdom 1999–2004|MEPs for the United Kingdom 2004–09|MEPs for the United Kingdom 2009–14|Members of Oxfordshire County Council|Members of the European Parliament for English constituencies|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|People educated at Malvern St James|People from Malvern, Worcestershire|People from Oxfordshire|Socialist feminists|UK MPs 2010–15|UK MPs 2015–17|UK MPs 2017–|University of Kansas alumni|Women MEPs for England|Youth rights people |
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